Self-imposed wealth and the constant invasion of the west in the late Qing Dynasty made the collision between Chinese and western cultures increasingly fierce. In their frequent negotiations with the West, Zhang Zhidong and others deeply felt the backwardness and needs of China. To change the backward status quo, it is not only the "strong ship and strong artillery" imported from the west and the "strange skills and cunning" of the die-hards, but also the backward knowledge level and lack of enterprising consciousness of the Chinese people in the late Qing Dynasty that are the shackles of China's development. As mentioned in Zhang Zhidong's "Zhang Wenxiang Public Performance Draft" (Volume 32), "China is not poor and rich, but poor, not weak in soldiers and weak in ambition. The lack of talents is due to lack of knowledge and false learning. " Zhang Zhidong regards the development of knowledge and talents as the foundation of a strong country. It is also under the coverage of this basic viewpoint that the Westernization School put forward a series of educational reform ideas. 1. The educational guiding ideology of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application" Faced with the "five thousand years of great changes" in China, the Westernization School clearly realized that it would be difficult to maintain the "foundation" of China's ethics without learning the "end" of western science and technology and western industry and commerce, and vigorously promoted the basic policy of "using Chinese culture and western learning" western languages "and" western arts ". 2. Abolish the imperial examination system and establish a Westernization School with a modern academic system. In view of the corruption accumulated in school education and imperial examination system at that time, the idea of rectifying and reforming traditional education was put forward. Zhang Zhidong pointed out in "Persuading Learning to Reform the Imperial Examination" that stereotyped writing has been practiced for more than 500 years since it was self-evident. Wen Sheng is in decline, and the law is long. " It is believed that "saving time must start from the reform, and the reform must start from the imperial examination reform." 1905, under the impetus of the Westernization School, the Qing Dynasty promulgated the decree of "stopping the imperial examination and extensive learning". 3. The ideological westernization school, which advocates studying abroad and establishing a modern normal education system, believes that studying abroad is the most effective way to learn western science and technology and industry and commerce. After returning from their studies, these international students can directly teach their skills to China people. Complementing this, the Westernization School also put forward the idea of establishing a modern normal education system, in order to strengthen the study of righteousness, "learning must have teachers" and "education first", so that teachers can receive systematic and formal education and have the necessary teacher quality. Source: Examination Questions and Research Teaching Forum