(Li Keliang)

China is a grass-roots unit of forestry production owned by the whole people, mainly engaged in forestry. According to the statistics of 1985, there are more than 4 100 state-owned forest farms in China, with a total management area of 51330,000 hectares, including 24 million hectares, accounting for15 of the national forest area.

type

The management types of forest farms are mainly divided according to their production tasks, management systems and regional conditions. ① According to the business objects, there are timber forests, shelter forests, economic forests and special-purpose forests (including scenic forests). (2) According to the business area, large forest farms with an area of 1 10,000 hectares or more, medium forest farms with an area of 0.33 million hectares to 1 10,000 hectares, and small forest farms with an area of 0.33 million hectares or less; ③ According to the management system, there are provincial forest farms, prefecture-level forest farms and county-level forest farms; ④ According to the means of production, there are manual forest farms, semi-mechanized forest farms and mechanized forest farms; ⑤ According to regional types, there are mountain forest farms, hilly forest farms, plain forest farms, sandy forest farms, lake forest farms and tidal flat forest farms; ⑥ According to the affiliation, in addition to the forest farms owned by forestry management departments at all levels, there are also professional forest farms owned by railway, coal and light industry departments.

Principles and tasks

The management policy of state-owned forest farms is "forest-oriented, diversified management, comprehensive utilization and short-term growth". It is the basic basis for guiding the production activities of forest farms, and the production scale and business scope of forest farms must adapt to the management policy. All kinds of forest farms must conscientiously implement the management policy, build new forestry bases for the country as soon as possible, provide more and better forest products, and give full play to the various benefits of forests in protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance. The main tasks of the forest farm are: ① accelerating afforestation, implementing scientific afforestation, improving afforestation quality, consolidating afforestation achievements, cultivating and managing high-quality, fast-growing and high-yield forests; ② Effective protection and management of forest resources; (3) Implementing scientific afforestation to improve forest quality and yield per unit area; (4) Make rational use of forest resources, improve the utilization rate and comprehensive processing capacity of forest resources, and gradually realize field-by-field rotation and sustainable utilization; ⑤ Diversification, comprehensive utilization, long and short combination, and expansion of forestry production and construction; 6. Carry out forestry scientific experiments, strengthen the construction of forestry mechanization, and continuously improve labor productivity and forestry production level; ⑦ Give full play to the backbone and demonstration role of forest farms, popularize new technologies, and drive and help surrounding villages and people to develop forestry production.

management control

State-owned forest farms are grass-roots production units with the nature of enterprises, which implement enterprise management: ① The annual plan and operation design of state-owned forest farms are implemented after being approved by superiors. (2) According to the relevant provisions of the state, the funds needed for afforestation, seedling raising, tending and thinning of young forests, transformation of low-yield forests, roads and houses, management, etc. shall be solved by afforestation infrastructure expenses, operational expenses and special funds respectively. In the afforestation stage, under the premise of doing a good job in forestry production, state-owned forest farms use Honda resources for diversified management and comprehensive utilization, and use these funds to develop forestry production and support forests without turning over the proceeds. ③ State-owned forest farms should conduct cost accounting, analyze economic activities and continuously improve economic benefits. (4) Based on the principle of unity of responsibility, right and benefit, different forms of fixed, contracted, awarded and supplemented responsibility systems are implemented according to local conditions, and some production projects can be contracted to groups, households and people, with remuneration and compensation for joint production. ⑤ Improve the level of scientific afforestation. According to the relevant technical regulations promulgated by the superior, the forestry production management system is established, and the technical requirements and operating procedures are formulated. All forestry production and construction should be inspected and accepted according to the design and construction, and the acceptance card should be filled in. ⑥ Establish production technology files. All forest farm plans, forest management plans, long-term plans, annual plans, achievements of various production, construction and scientific experiments, original records, statistical data, forest right archives and other documents and materials should be filed, and forest resources investigation and design and forest resources archives should be equipped with full-time or part-time personnel to be responsible for management, so as to grasp and supervise the growth and decline of forest production and forest resources. ⑦ Under the condition that the forest right remains unchanged, organize the rural people near the forest farm to participate in the production and construction of the forest farm in different ways, such as land preparation, afforestation, afforestation, forest protection, logging, road construction and housing construction, and pay reasonable remuneration. Forest farms solve the problems of rural people who participate in tending and thinning to burn firewood and produce small materials for life. Forest farms take effective measures in seedling and technology to help rural people and state-owned enterprises and institutions to plant trees and manage existing forests.