The reason why the yellow turban insurrectionary failed is actually very simple. In the early days, in order to resist the imperial power, aristocratic families ignored and restrained everywhere, which made the scope of the uprising more and more extensive and greatly touched the core interests of aristocratic families. Finally, I had to compromise with the imperial power. Start the state machine in an all-round way, and soon put down the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. Another reason is that the Yellow turban insurrectionary has committed the taboo of all peasant uprisings. I don't know how to build a base area. I'm a total hooligan. Logistics supplies simply can't keep up. After the death of the Zhang Jiao brothers, they not only went their own way, but also killed each other. Causing them to be broken one by one. Why is the yellow turban insurrectionary called yellow turban insurrectionary disorder? Because the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising promoted the situation of warlord scuffle. It had a far-reaching impact on the political situation in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In order to put down the war as soon as possible, the central government delegated the power of generals to local governments, which prevented the wave of the Yellow Scarf Uprising from spreading to the whole country and slowed down the crisis of the collapse of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
However, it caused the local government to despise the central government, and made ambitious generals or officials use the army to divide the place in the process of suppressing the Yellow Scarf Uprising, which opened the prelude to the warlord melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and laid a distant curse for the division of the three countries. Under the attack of peasant uprising, the decadent Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only, and finally went to extinction.
The yellow turban insurrectionary peasant war failure lesson is also very profound:
First, it has no long-term strategic vision, so it cannot put forward more specific strategic guidelines;
Second, there is no rear base and no combat troops, so the military support is limited and combat operations are restricted;
Third, there is a lack of unified command and mutual cooperation, which leads to the isolation and division of the theater, so that it is broken by the enemy's dominant main force;
Fourth, I don't understand the importance of adopting mobile warfare, guerrilla warfare and other forms of mobile warfare under the situation that the enemy is strong and we are weak. So I was keen on the offensive and defensive of the city, stuck the main force of the rebels in one place, and fought hard with the enemy until I exhausted my fighting capacity and was defeated.
These are all serious mistakes in the strategy and operational guidance of the insurgents, and also the main reason for the unfortunate failure of this vigorous peasant revolutionary war.
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The detailed process of the yellow turban insurrectionary in Romance of the Three Kingdoms;
The Yellow Scarf Uprising was a peasant war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the largest religious uprisings in the history of China. Beginning in the seventh year of Han Guang and Emperor Di, the imperial court was corrupt, the eunuchs and consorts fought constantly, the border war continued, and the national situation became increasingly weak.
Because of the national drought, grain could not be collected and tax revenue did not decrease. At the command of the opening angle of the giant deer man, poor farmers who had no way out rose up one after another, wearing yellow scarves on their heads.
Shouting the slogan "Heaven dies, Heaven stands, the age is in Jiazi, and the world is all right" launched a fierce attack on bureaucratic landlords, which had a great impact on the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty to quell the rebellion.
Although the uprising ended in failure, the situation of warlordism and the survival of the Eastern Han Dynasty was irreversible, which eventually led to the formation of the tripartite confrontation between the three countries.
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The Yellow Scarf Uprising was a peasant uprising led by Zhang Jiao, a Julu man in Hebei Province at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, the looting and annexation of the landlord class intensified, the bankruptcy of farmers became more serious, and the social class contradictions were very sharp, which aroused the more intense resistance struggle of the peasant masses in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
At this time, Zhang Jiao, a giant deer man, claimed to be a teacher of Dade, preached in the name of treating diseases, and secretly organized the peasants to fight. After more than ten years' efforts, there are hundreds of thousands of Christians in Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Chang, Yan and Yu.
He organized these people into 36 parties, 10000 generous people, 6,000 or 7,000 small parties, each with its own leader, and put forward the slogan "Heaven will die, Huang Tianli will live in Jiazi, and the world will be at peace". He wants to rebel in Beijing and the whole country at the same time on the fifth day of the third lunar month.
However, due to the traitor's informer, the uprising was forced to start early. 1February, 84, under the leadership of Zhang Jiao, seven states and twenty-eight counties broke out at the same time, and millions of troops stormed the decadent Eastern Han Dynasty.
In less than a month, the insurgents called the Yellow Scarf Army swept across Hebei and reached the vast area north of the Yangtze River. At that time, the main force of the Yellow Scarf Army, led by Zhang Bao, Zhang Bao and Zhang Jiao, fought in Hebei.
1 1 month, Guangzong was occupied. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, * * * was so afraid that he sent Lu Zhi, a northern corps commander, to lead the reactionary army to fight the opening angle army in Guangzong. Lu Zhi built walls around Guangzong City, dug trenches and built ladders to attack the city, but he could not attack for a long time.
The court sent Xiaohuangmen Zuofeng to monitor Lu Zhi, retreated, replaced Lu Zhi with Dong Zhuo, commander-in-chief of the East Army, and continued to besiege Guangzong. But until June and July of the following year, Guangzong was still under the insistence of the insurgents.
In August, Zhang Jiao died unfortunately, and his younger brother Sean commanded the battle. Zhang Liangjun became more and more brave, and it was difficult for the reactionary army to defeat them. The Eastern Han court was defeated, and Dong Zhuo was replaced and Huang Fusong was reassigned.
Brave Zhang Liangjun gave the executioner a heavy blow. However, in 10, the rebels were paralyzed and attacked by Huang Fusong at night, which caused great losses. Sean died heroically, with more than 80,000 people killed and buried in the river.
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Who are the generals of the Yellow Scarf? General Providence: Opening Angle, General Di Gong: Zhang Bao, General Rengong: Sean, Ambassador Zhang Mancheng.
Kaijiao: A native of Julu, Jizhou (now southwest of Ningjin, Hebei), who has been practicing calligraphy for more than ten years and has gathered hundreds of thousands of people, is a great teacher. In February of the first year of Zhong Ping (184), he launched the Yellow Scarf Uprising, calling himself "General of Heaven", and captured the royal family Wang Anping Liu Xu and Gan Ling Wang Liuzhong in the first battle. Attack and kill Guo Xun, the secretariat of Youzhou, and Liu Wei, the satrap of Yang Guang (now in Beijing). In October of the same year, Guangzong (now southeast of Wei County, Hebei Province) fell ill. Zhang Bao: Jiao's younger brother, known as "General Di Gong". In November, Huang Fusong fought in Xiaquyang (now northwest of Jinxian County, Hebei Province) and died. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is said that Zhang Bao acted as a wizard before the battle and was shot by Liu Bei. Later, he was killed by Yan Zheng (a fictional character) and surrendered with his head.
: Jiao's younger brother, known as "General Ren Gong". After the death of Zhang Jiao, he refused to keep Guangzong. He was ambushed by Huang Fusong at night and died in the battle. In the Romance, Cao Cao took part in the battle as a captain.
Cai Bo: Leader of the Yellow Scarf Army in Yuzhou District. First defeated the Southern Taishou in Zhaoling (now Luohe City, Henan Province), then defeated Zhu, and then surrounded Huangfusong with grass (now northeast of changge city City, Henan Province). That night, the wind was blowing hard, and Huang Fusong set fire inside and outside. Zhu and Cao arrived and were defeated. The Han army chased Runan, and Chen Guo won again, and then chased Bo in Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province).
Peng Tuo: Cai Bo, the assistant commander, was beheaded in Xihua (now southwest Henan).
Buji, the leader of Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army, was captured and killed by Fu Xie in Dong Juncang Pavilion (northeast of Shandong Yanggu) in August.
Zhang Mancheng: Known as the "Messenger of God", he is the leader of the Yellow Scarf in Nanyang (Nanyang, Henan). Killed Gong Chu, the prefect of Nanyang. Wan fought with the satrap and died in the battle.
Zhao Hong: Zhang Mancheng died in battle. Zhao Hongji, as commander in chief, conquered Wancheng, and the headquarters grew to more than 65,438+10,000 people. In June, Zhu defeated the Yellow Scarf Army in Yingchuan, turned to attack Nanyang, and besieged Wancheng with Jingzhou secretariat Xu Miao and Nanyang satrap. In August, you retreated to lure the enemy and lay in ambush. The yellow turban insurrectionary troops went out of the city, were ambushed, and Zhao Hong died.
Han Zhong: Following Zhao Hong as the leader of Nanyang Yellow Scarf, he failed to surrender, failed to break through and died in battle.
Sun Xia: Follow Han Zhong as the leader of Nanyang Yellow Scarf. Because the main force was annihilated, Cheng Wei didn't keep it. 1 1 month, the rest moved westward to Jingshan, Hubei Province (now northwest of Nanyang City, Henan Province). Zhu led the army in pursuit, and tens of thousands of people died.
The generous leader of the Yellow Scarf called tens of thousands of Taoist priests from Jing and Yang to Ye (now Linzhang, Hebei) to meet Taoist priests from Jizhou. When traveling to and from Luoyang, in the contact, Chang Shi appointed Feng, Xu Feng and others as the back office, "March 5, arise and send at the same time." Before the uprising, Tang Zhou, a disciple of Zhang Jiao Jinan, defected and reported the uprising plan to the court. Yuan Yi was arrested and confessed.
Cheng: The fictional general of the Yellow Scarf Army in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, 1 appeared, and 50,000 troops attacked. Ada, the secretariat of Youzhou, ordered Zou Jing, a captain, to lead Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei with 500 troops to meet them. When the two armies fought at the foot of Daxing Mountain, Yuan Zhi was cut in half by Guan Yu.
Deng Mao: Cheng, a fictional general and deputy general of the Yellow Scarf Army in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, appeared in 1, and Mao was stabbed to death by Zhang Fei.
Gao Sheng: The fictional General Huang Jin and Lieutenant Zhang Bao appeared for the second time in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Was assassinated by Zhang Fei in the battle of Quyang.
Zhong Sun: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a fictional yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. Take Han Zhonghe and attack Wan. He fought alongside Zhu Juan and Liu Bei and was shot by Liu Bei.
Why the Yellow Scarf Uprising and the Huang Chao Uprising? This is because the army led by Zhang Jiao, a giant deer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, was called the Yellow Scarf Army. Huang Chao was led by Huang Chao, so it was called Huang Chao Uprising.
1, the yellow turban insurrectionary army at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large-scale peasant uprising led by Zhang Jiao, China Julu, took place in Jiazi 184. The scale of the Yellow Scarf Uprising is one of the biggest peasant uprisings in the history of China. The uprising was suppressed by the Eastern Han Dynasty in less than a year, and the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising was regarded as the beginning of the Three Kingdoms period in history.
2. The Yellow Scarf Uprising was a peasant war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was also one of the largest religious uprisings in the history of China. Beginning in the seventh year of Han Guang and Emperor Di (A.D. 184), the court was corrupt, the eunuchs and consorts fought constantly, the border wars continued, and the national situation became increasingly weak.
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The main generals of the Yellow Scarf Army
Official figures
Opening Angle: Leader of the Yellow Scarf Army, leader of Taiping Road, calling himself "Great Sage and Good Teacher". He preached in various places during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. After more than ten years of development, he has hundreds of thousands of followers. After starting an army, he claimed to be a "heavenly general", but was defeated by Lu Zhi, trapped in Guangzong, and died in the city a few months later. [4-5]
Zhang Bao: The leader of the Yellow Scarf Army, the younger brother of Zhang Jiao, calls himself a "great doctor". After starting the army, he claimed to be a "local general" and led the army to control Quyang county, which destroyed the city and killed people.
Sean: The leader of the Yellow Scarf Army, the younger brother of Zhang Jiao, called himself a "great doctor". After starting the army, he called himself "the people's general." He stayed in Guangzong City with Zhang Jiao, and the city was destroyed.
Commander Taiping Road, who travels to and from Luoyang in advance, often serves as an assistant in contact, and Xu regards him as an insider. After committing the crime, he was arrested and his car cracked and died.
Zhang Mancheng: Qu Shuai, the Yellow Scarf Army of Nanyang County, Jingzhou, calls himself "the messenger of God". He attacked and killed Gong Chu, the prefect of Wan, and led tens of thousands of troops to station troops in Wan City. Later, Qin Jie, the new governor of Nanyang, eliminated evil.
Cai Bo: Qu Shuai of the Yellow Scarf Army in Yingchuan County, Yuzhou, led an army to defeat Zhu, but was defeated by Huang Fusong. Before Bo retreated to Yangzhai, the city was destroyed and the Yellow Scarf Army in Yingchuan was destroyed.
Peng Tuo: Qu Shuai of the Yellow Scarf Army in runan county, Yuzhou. Runa satrap Zhao Qian Chu was defeated by the Yellow Scarf. Later, Huang Fusong and Judy broke Peng Tuo in Xihua County, and the yellow scarf in Runan was destroyed.
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What does the slogan of the yellow turban insurrectionary mean? "Heaven dies, Huang Tianli, and the world is prosperous at the age of 60." "Tian" refers to the Han dynasty, when the clothes of officials and troops were mainly cyan. "Yellow Heaven" refers to the Yellow Scarf Uprising Army. This means that the Han Dynasty will perish and the Yellow Scarf Army will be the future ruler.
In the seventh year of the Han Dynasty (A.D. 184), the imperial court was corrupt, the eunuchs and consorts fought constantly, the frontier wars continued, the national situation became weaker and weaker, and taxes were not reduced because of the national drought.
Desperate poor peasants, under the command of Zhang Jiao, a giant deer man, rose up in succession. Wearing yellow turbans on their heads, they shouted the slogan "Heaven will die, heaven will stand, and the world will be fine at the age of 60", and launched a fierce attack on bureaucratic landlords, which had a great impact on the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty court.
In order to quell the rebellion, all localities have paid tribute to their soldiers. Although the uprising ended in failure, the situation of warlordism and the survival of the Eastern Han Dynasty was irreversible, which eventually led to the formation of the tripartite confrontation between the three countries.
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At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, farmers lived in poverty because of the confusion of government and local laws and regulations. In view of this, Zhang Bao, Zhang Jiao, Sean and Zhang Jiao of Wei County used spells to treat diseases everywhere. Many sick people drank his water and recovered without medication. Zhang Jiao is regarded as an immortal. Zhang Jiao sent eight ambassadors to preach abroad.
So more and more followers were chased, even hundreds of thousands, all over Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu, accounting for almost three-quarters of the country at that time.
In order to go to the opening angle, many people do not hesitate to sell their property and come all the way to compete with each other, and their followers are also packed. It is said that more than 10 thousand people were trampled to death on the way.
Zhang Jiao has been engaged in folk activities for more than ten years, and 300,000 to 400,000 people have joined. Seeing more and more believers, Zhang Jiao founded "Huangtian Taiping", also known as "Taiping Road", to manage believers and call himself "the teacher of great virtue".
He divided his sphere of influence into 36 regions, which he called "Fang", with more than 10 thousand senior officials and 67 thousand small parties. The two sides each pushed a leader, all controlled by the opening angle, and the voice of resisting the Han Dynasty became louder and louder. However, there were many nobles, officials and eunuchs among the believers, so the Han Dynasty did not pay much attention to them.
The Yellow Scarf Uprising led by Zhang Jiao impacted the foundation of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which directly led to the warlord's separatist regime and melee in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and then evolved into a three-legged situation.
At the same time, it is also the first peasant uprising led by religion in the history of our country, which has far-reaching historical significance; It also laid a historical pattern for Taoism to spread and develop mainly in the lower classes of society in the future.
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