Question 2: Why do some people say that the army has strong fighting capacity, and the Ming army can't beat the Japanese pirates and the Manchu Eight Banners? Who said how many Eight Banners soldiers entered the customs in the Qing Dynasty? How many tough battles did the Eight Banners fight? How many troops were there in the Ming Dynasty? In fact, the power or military strength of the Qing Dynasty did not surpass that of the late Ming Dynasty before Kangxi hit Gerdan, but only * * * surpassed that of the late Ming Dynasty in terms of water army. There are many factors for the Qing Dynasty to enter the customs, such as the collapse of the garrison system at the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the garrison soldiers in the Ming Dynasty did not receive salaries and food, and were assigned to soldiers by the court, and soldiers directly drew soldiers from the soldiers. This is a system originated from Zhu Yuanzhang, and the soldiers were in chaos at the end of the Ming Dynasty. If you can't even eat enough, where are you willing to fight? Secondly, with the arrival of the Little Ice Age, there were no corn, sweet potatoes, potatoes or high-yield crops. Oh, there used to be corn, which was only planted as an ornamental plant in the palace. Coupled with land annexation, farmers went bankrupt and there were uprisings everywhere. That's it. It was not until Yuan Chonghua and Huan came to power that the Qing Dynasty was able to enter the customs. This man is loyal and goes out to kill people. This led to the defeat of the battlefield. Even so, the Eight Banners were severely cleaned up several times. Finally, Li Zicheng pushed Mingting first and asked Wu Sangui to let go of the pass. Shanxi merchants also needed a lot of money and goods to support them, and the ignorant gentry in China took the lead. Shunzhi entered the customs, and Manchu had no luck at all.
Question 3: Why can't the Ming army defeat the enemy, return to the deep mountains and forests, and shine back on me from the moss? Liangzhou Ci: William Wang
Question 4: Well, in the Ming Dynasty, the enemy could not be defeated. On the one hand, it's because of the knife. Chou Ying, a famous painter in the Ming Dynasty who experienced the disaster of Jiajing, painted a realistic work, The Map of the Enemy, which is now in the University of Tokyo. It is recognized by the academic community as the most authoritative picture depicting the image of the enemy. In this colorful silk scroll painting more than 5 meters long, the image of the enemy is vivid: the hair is shaved in a half-moon shape, the upper body is wearing a light coat, and the lower body is only wearing a crotch cloth, barefoot, holding a pike, bow and Japanese knife.
In sharp visual contrast with the enemy in the near light, the soldiers of the Ming army on the picture scroll have bright armor and neat lineup.
Indeed, compared with the loyalist, the enemy's weapons and equipment are crude. Their main weapons are cold weapons, such as swords, guns, bows and arrows, among which the sharp Japanese knives left the deepest impression on China people. In terms of thermal weapons, large Japanese groups such as Wang Zhi have a small number of matchsticks, but small Japanese groups have not seen any records of thermal weapons in the battle. As for clothes, Hou Yaozong is basically the image of "map behind enemy lines". "A soldier has no armor, a floral shirt in winter and summer, and his shorts are as light as flying." At that time, many records said that Japanese pirates fought naked. "In every battle, you have to carry a three-foot knife naked." Armor can only be worn by leaders, such as "Pioneer with Red Coat and Golden Coat" and "A thief of two kings, stubborn suitcase." Wear a copper bag, a bronze armor and a pile of cowhide. "
Japanese pirates came from the sea. They boarded the ship and fled. Their ships are basically fast and flexible ships, not used for water wars. "Japan Map Compilation" describes the Japanese ship at that time: "Japanese shipbuilding is different from China ... its bottom tip can break the waves, and it is easy to move without fear of cross winds and fighting winds. It will arrive in a few days." The load capacity of a ship generally ranges from 20 to 60 people, and some large ships can carry one or two hundred people.
In terms of hardware, the enemy has no advantage in front of the Ming army.
Zheng Ruo once described the tactics of the Japanese pirates in "Bei Tu": "Japanese people are used to flying in a butterfly array. When they got cold feet, they waved fans, and everyone danced with knives and axes and squandered in the air. Our soldiers cut from below with their heads in panic. It is also a long snake array, with a hundred flags in front, running like a fish. The strongest is before the battle, and the strongest is the temple. All of them are brave and dare not participate. "
According to the description in the book, the "long snake array" is only a marching array, and the "butterfly array" is a fighting array.
At the same time, in Japan, the Warring States Period is in full swing, but after searching all the information, the Warring States Period array only includes fish scales, a front arrow, a crane wing, a crescent moon, a Fiona Fang, a wild goose, a long snake and a balance yoke, and there is no such thing as a "butterfly array". I guess this "butterfly array" was created by the Japanese, which is similar to the "crane wing", that is, the wings are caught between two wings, like the wings of a bird and a butterfly, so it is named (I wonder if this name was given by China literati).
But "one person wields a fan and everyone dances with knives" is not a clever array, only paying attention to orders and attacks. In fact, what bothers the Ming army most is by no means the so-called "butterfly array", but their flexible combat mode.
From Qi Jiguang's description in Ji Xiaoxin's book, we can see the general situation of the enemy's fighting: in the confrontation, one or two enemies took the lead, half-naked with knives, "jumped and squatted", tried their best to provoke the muskets and crossbows of the Ming army, and then took advantage of the decline of the Ming army's firepower, the Japanese leader blew the conch or waved the fan, and the Japanese attacked with knives and drove straight in. In addition, the enemy is good at ambush. "The war generals will rise from all sides, and after surprise, they will surprise our army."
Finally, I have to mention the individual ability of the enemy. The vanguard of the enemy dances with sharp double knives, while others use long guns and bows, which often surprises China people. "Double kuang and prey, so difficult. The palladium gun didn't show the pole, so it was thrown suddenly, suddenly, so it was unexpected. The bow is long and the arrow is huge, so the neighbors will send it, so one arrow hits. "
After talking about the enemy for a long time, let's look at the Ming army.
In terms of weapons, compared with the enemy's basic broadsword and spear, although the Ming army mainly used cold weapons, the hot weapons in the array were a bit embarrassing. Tubular firearms, single-barrel spears, female spears and nozzles are nothing, while matchlock and mechanical machine are the most terrible weapons of that era.
The matchlock gun, known as the bird spear in the Ming Dynasty, was first seized by the Ming army from the enemy in the battle of Shuangyu Island, and a small amount of imitation equipment was used in the army. The bird's gizzard looks like a modern rifle, with a slender barrel, an arc handrail, a sight and a trigger. It ignites gunpowder by burning matches and sprays lead pills. With long range (up to 300 meters), high precision and great lethality, shotgun is the latest and most effective individual weapon in the world in the15th century. Qi Jiguang spoke highly of this: "Among all the utensils, the bird gizzard is the first."
Franco machine from the west is equivalent to the original breech gun and shell ...
Question 5: Why did the Ming army defeat the enemy before Qi Jiguang took office? The enemy is a mobile unit. When it fights, it fights. When it fails, it runs away. Coupled with the long-term corruption of the guard station in the south of the Ming Dynasty, even the armor was made of paper, and the sword and gun were not worthy. That's why the enemy is so awesome. However, the real army of the Ming army is in the north. Whenever the northern army moved to the south to encircle the enemy, many of them were led by China or China, so they had already gone into hiding. At that time, before Qi Jiguang was born, the enemy had two fears: one was afraid of the Ming army riding horses (these were the northern Ming army fighters); The second is the fear of naked monks (northern and southern Shaolin monks).
I hope you are satisfied!
Question 6: In the Ming Dynasty, the Ming army could not defeat the Japanese aggressors, and 10,000 people could not defeat 1,000 people. Why did Wanli later resist Japan and aid Korea? This is a regular Japanese army. Why did the Japanese invaders refer to that time in Qi Jiguang? Then Qi Jiguang used to suppress pirates. Japan * * * didn't care. Pirates are rampant off the coast of China. The pirates found out that the Japanese samurai could fight and paid a little money to hire Japanese mercenaries. .
I think a very important reason why Japan can win in Korea is that navigation technology and shipbuilding industry have not yet arrived, and Japan needs to transport logistics from China. When the typhoon came, nothing could be transported, unlike hundreds of thousands of people getting off the boat today. Another is that our water army is particularly fierce. In fact, North Korea's resistance to the Japanese pirates is intermittent, and our army has artillery. The last naval battle was also commanded by Li Shunchen and was also our artillery. Toyotomi Hideyoshi is dead, and Edo is still hiding from Tokugawa Ieyasu. Not at first glance. Then I'll do it. The biggest civil war in Japanese history broke out immediately, named Guanyuanhe Town. The Toyotomi family also neglected North Korea, and food supplies could not be shipped. Everything that can be evacuated has been evacuated. Collapsed in Korea and defeated by our army!
Question 7: Why can't the Ming army defeat the enemy Ming Chengzu to launch a rebellion, seize power and move the capital to Beijing? It is said that the remnants of Emperor Wen Jian in the south cooperated with Japanese pirates and retaliated against sexual harassment in the southeast coast of China. Because these southern Renye Fang are shorter than northerners, the word [enemy] is used to refer to the pirate group composed of Japanese and southerners in China.
In Ming Taizu's later years, due to the threat of the northern land, after Zheng He went south to the west, the surge of land-sea exchanges also brought about an increasing number of Japanese invasions. Therefore, the policy of closing the sea was implemented, and only the exploration trade (official trade) was opened, but it was only in the second year of Jiajing (A.D. 1523). Ningbo uprising broke out. In addition, the Portuguese invaded Tuen Mun and Xicaowan earlier. Since then, coastal security has been in crisis for many times. The Ming Dynasty announced the suspension of all trade, hoping to reduce the threat of Japanese pirates by containment policy. But it also cut off the livelihood of many employees (fish industry, handicraft industry, shipbuilding industry, trade) related to the whole trade industry chain since the Tang Dynasty, which led to the emergence of underground trade. Commercial disputes cannot be resolved. Then turn to military retaliation. Japanese pirates.
In the later development, Wang Zhi, a member of Amin Dynasty, played a very important role. Wang Zhi wrote to the imperial court, demanding that after opening the maritime ban, he set up a base in Hirado, Japan, and cooperated with Japan and the French in smuggling. He is famous among the later Japanese. Hu Zongxian and Qi Jiguang took part in the military action against Japan.
From half a century of 15 to half a century of 16, its activity stage is in the coastal area of China. In Southeast Asia, its members mainly come from China and North Korea. It is called a "fake pirate". The main reason of piracy in this period was the improvement of China's productivity in Ming Dynasty, but the policy of sea ban was implemented. The last pirates seen in the history books invaded the coast of Fujian in July 1624. [Pushing it to disaster] However, the surname of Fujian and Zhejiang University is not good. Yin presided over the matter. This participation has become a routine. Zhu Wan, the courtier at that time, was devastated. Strict enforcement of the sea ban is not good for anyone. Even Wan was shocked to death. Wan died, and the sea ban was relaxed. So Song, Song, Song and Xu Hai once wrote a book. Xu En and his party struggled to catch the Japanese. From Huaiyang South to Guang Hai-Vandory.
Since then, East Asia's maritime trade activities
Due to the influence of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ban on the Eight Banners (pirates), the activities of Japanese pirates began to decrease, and the maritime trade in East Asia became calmer. There are also maritime armed groups such as Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong who support the anti-Qing movement, but they are no longer called Japanese pirates.
Question 8: Why is the fighting capacity of the Ming army so poor that even the Qing army can't beat the enemy Mongolia? At that time, it was very complicated and the period was different, so we can't generalize.
Question 9: How was the million-strong army of the Ming Dynasty defeated by the Japanese? What's more, the Ming army was basically stationed in the north to guard against Mongolia, and the local guards in the southeast were basically ineffective, equivalent to the local police. Moreover, most of the Japanese pirates are coastal fishermen and have no livelihood in the forbidden sea. The people are mainly Japanese pirates, and they are familiar with the places where Shanghai residents have lived for generations. In addition, Japanese ronin and fierce pirates with mercenary nature are even more powerful than soldiers who defend their country. And Qi Jiguang after standings, with a group of new recruits successfully suppressed the enemy.