Some people say that Li Zicheng failed because Liu Zongmin seized Chen Yuanyuan, angered Wu Sangui, and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty after arriving in Beijing, which led to Li Zicheng's failure. Is this statement correct? I don't agree with this statement. On the one hand, I actually disagree. After 167 years of struggle, Dashun dynasty occupied Henan and Shaanxi. Shaanxi in the Ming Dynasty included Ningxia and Gansu, and half of Qinghai. To the east, his men arrived in Shandong; To the south, near Changde on the Hunan border. Will such a big situation fail for a woman (and this woman is a prostitute)? Is this historical materialism? Think about it. This lost the class analysis, lost the specific military, political and economic situation at that time, and put the reason on a prostitute, which makes no sense in theory. In fact, Chen Yuanyuan was bought by Wu Sangui, and he has arrived in Ningyuan, which is now Xingcheng in the south of Jinzhou. When Li Zicheng entered Beijing, Chen Yuanyuan was no longer in Beijing, but in Ningyuan. But Wu Sangui's parents and family (about 30 people) are still in Beijing. Don't Wu Sangui want to think about the lives of his parents and his family? Isn't Wu Sangui thinking about the Millennium honor? Today, when we are traitors to the enemy, will we do such a thing, just for a prostitute? Although we are different from today's history, our understanding of today's human feelings will also help us understand historical issues. I have a deep understanding of this. After the "Cultural Revolution" and Lin Biao's death, I took a deeper look at many struggles of the "Cultural Revolution". Looking back at historical issues, it is even clearer. Maybe not today? No Moreover, in ancient times, filial piety to parents was much higher than today. Today, we regard Manchu as a brotherly nation, but not in the Ming Dynasty. There is national opposition between the Ming regime represented by Han nationality and the Qing regime represented by Manchu! At that time, people who didn't talk about brothers were uncomfortable. Is it true that Wu Sangui, a Han Chinese, was bullied by Liu Zongmin as a prostitute, regardless of his parents, and his relatives were killed at the age of 30, which is still a thousand years' honor and has fallen into the name of a traitor? Do you think he will? This is a very simple question. In feudal times, it was a great shame for you to take away his wife. You want to take away his aunt, which is not a problem, and you can even give it away. If you like it, I can give it to you, so there is a saying that "a concubine can change a horse" I took a fancy to a horse, a good horse, very good. I have no money to buy it. Ok, change concubines. If Wu Sangui really knew that Liu Zongmin had robbed him of Chen Yuanyuan, the rich boy was born as a company commander, the black sheep in his twenties, and he would think, forget it, give him Chen Yuanyuan to Liu Zongmin. On the other hand, if Wu Sangui is really a traitor, then Liu Zongmin and Li Zicheng will flatter him and give him a generous gift from Chen Yuanyuan. This problem is easy to handle. There are many profound reasons for this war. Political reasons, class reasons, military reasons ... historians of science should explore the essence of things from these reasons. Only an idealist will let go of the essence of this period of history and attribute such a big life-and-death struggle to a concubine. This truth is untenable, what's more, Chen Yuanyuan is not in Beijing at this time. ?

Others say it is because Liu Zongmin arrested many officials (according to historical records, there are hundreds) after he went to Beijing, demanding money, torturing them and pursuing them. Is this a mistake? Strategic mistakes are mistakes. But it's not Liu Zongmin's responsibility? How much responsibility should Liu Zongmin bear? Dashun dynasty is a newly established dynasty, and the emperor is the founding emperor, not the last emperor who has been sitting for decades and hundreds of years. The founding emperor must hold the military power and political power in his own hands, otherwise he can't become the founding emperor. Li Zicheng is not a fatuous man. How dare Liu Zongmin arrest so many people for money? I asked a question and won't explain it for the time being. Therefore, to blame Liu Zongmin for this crime is to ignore the political structure of the Dashun Dynasty and the personality of Li Zicheng, the Dashun Emperor, and ignore this basic problem. ?

Others said, all blame when the prime minister in Niu Jinxing, other good things don't do, trying to persuade Li Zicheng to reign, advised Li Zicheng when the emperor. Bad is bad in Niu Jinxing, unreasonable. Being emperor is Li Zicheng's goal, and the peasant uprising will inevitably lead to the establishment of the feudal empire. Not yet. After the peasant uprising, he became the king of a country and of course the emperor. Being emperor is Li Zicheng's ultimate goal for more than ten years. With or without Niu Jinxing, of course he wants to be emperor. This account can't be blamed on Niu Jinxing. ?

The fourth argument is that because he killed Yan Li by mistake, he is untenable. This statement is also unreliable. Who the hell is Yan Li? It's not solved yet. In the past, it was completely wrong to say that he was a native of Qixian County, Henan Province, a juren and the son of Li, the minister of the Ministry of War. There is no such person in Qixian, and Li is not from Qixian. There is no Yan Li's name in the Chronicle of Juren and Chronicle of Township Officials in the Late Ming Dynasty. First of all, Li is not your son. Li is an insider of Dongdaemun, Fuyang, Anhui. They called Li the "Du Tang Li Family" in Fuyang, Anhui. Li has only two sons and one daughter. A son died of illness and died young; Another son was killed by Yuan Shizhong in the fifteenth year of Chongzhen. There has never been a son named Yan Li, and there is no conclusive evidence now. So he is Li's son, and there is no historical basis. Qixian annals denied it, Kaifeng prefecture annals denied it. There was a man in Suixian who published a book with him at the same time, denying that there was this Yan Li in Qixian, and the evidence was conclusive. We now have this Li Zicheng who died at the foot of Jiugong Mountain, and Hunan is going to fight, saying that he lives in seclusion in Shimen Mountain. They gave me all the materials of Hunan, and I couldn't justify myself after reading them. History is a science and cannot be explained casually. To explain history is to explain science. The more you explain it, the more it conforms to science, not the more it deviates from science. So I can't prove Yan Li now. I don't know what's going on. But there is a Yan Li in Dashun Army. As far as I know, it does exist. It is often difficult for us to draw conclusions because of the lack of historical materials and possession. Dashun dynasty soon perished, and many files were destroyed by the enemy. Don't draw a conclusion without enough historical data. There is no basis. I will never say that there is no Yan Li. I can only say that Li Yanyou has, and the situation is not clear. We are trying, but we must verify it! And sent a lot of people to investigate. We don't have a survey about Yan Li now, so we can't find the answer. But Yan Li is not important, that's for sure. Because the Dashun dynasty established the central government, he had six, called six. There is no Yan Li or assistant minister in Shangshu. There are several levels of military attaché s, but there is a problem that we still don't understand. Some people say that the marshal is the first class, but I don't think so. General Kwon may be the first class, Admiral. The general is a general, and the rank of Lieutenant General and Yan Li Army is a general. Lee Guo is the general in power, and Yan Li is the general in power. After such a long struggle, he only got a lieutenant general, and it is probably clear who will lead the troops in every major battle. I haven't found out which time I won the battle. It was played by Yan Li's army. So don't overestimate Yan Li, there is no evidence. To say the least, even if Yan Li is not dead, it will not play an important role. What's the reason? Victory or defeat, military victory or defeat depends on the historical situation, not on one person. Yan Li was killed in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, in June of Shen Jianian, probably in late June. At this time, Li Zicheng has been defeated by Shanhaiguan and withdrawn from Beijing. Later, he lost two battles in Zhengding area, and he was injured himself. The elite troops are almost gone, and Henan opposes the Dashun regime everywhere. In this situation, even if we give Yan Li 20,000 troops (according to the book, Li Yan wants 20,000 chosen men), even if we give him 20,000 chosen men to go to Henan, to the vast Central Plains and to rebel everywhere, how much will it do? The ancient army was different from what it is now. Now our army has mastered machine guns, mortars, all kinds of cannons, as well as planes and tanks, which is much better than the people's armed forces. More than 300 years ago, the main fighting weapons were bows and arrows, knives and spears. You have it, and so do the people. Don't idealize, thinking that Li Zicheng is an uprising, the people will support it, not necessarily. Ordinary people only look at reality. If you are kind to them, they will support you. If it is not good for him, he will not support you. Moreover, orthodoxy has been deeply rooted in people's hearts. Although Chongzhen died, until the Kangxi period, many places rebelled against the Qing Dynasty and took the descendants of the Ming Dynasty as the banner. This feudal orthodoxy seems to be ideology, but in the armed struggle, it has become a material force. Was the local power so supportive of you, Li Zicheng? Is it possible that we have got rid of feudal orthodoxy? It is out of the question. During the French bourgeois revolution, the bourgeoisie occupied Paris and the countryside outside Paris, and the peasants rose up against it. Farmers are royalists. After Napoleon failed, he was exiled to an island. Later, Napoleon took a few people and landed from the south of France by boat. The situation is extremely dangerous. Or farmers worship him. Wherever the emperor went, farmers followed him to Paris and more people left. Therefore, whether in China or abroad, farmers will always be royalists. In the eyes of royalist peasants, Li Zicheng is nothing but a hooligan. Today we regard farmers as revolutionary heroes, which is our concept today, but farmers don't see it that way. In this case, can Yan Li return to Henan with 20,000 troops to reverse the situation in Henan? In addition, the Qing soldiers quickly crossed the Yellow River, and Alex Gao's troops quickly entered eastern Henan from Nanming. Therefore, some people say that Li Zicheng's final failure was because Yan Li was killed. This statement did not estimate the specific historical conditions at that time and forgot the situation at that time. To put it simply, past views can't stand scrutiny. So why did Li Zicheng fail? Now let's talk about my opinion from the positive side. Then, by the way, I will continue to talk about the objections.

Li Zicheng entered Henan in the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, probably in October of the lunar calendar. When entering Henan, it was hidden in the mountainous area south of Hanshui River (including the present Yunyang area and the part south of Hanshui River). It was good for him to hide temporarily because it was not Li Zicheng who did the most harm to the Ming Dynasty at that time, but Zhang Zhongxian. The Ming Dynasty almost attacked Zhang with the greatest strength, which gave Li Zicheng a chance to avoid the war and rest. Wait until 10, he suddenly appeared and entered Henan from Yunyang as quickly as possible. There are not many people taking Xichuan County of Henan into Henan. At that time, there were not many troops in Henan. The troops of the Ming dynasty were all transferred and blocked by Zhang. The rear area of the Ming Dynasty was empty, which was worthy of famine in Henan for years. After Li Zicheng entered Henan, he called on the hungry people to put forward slogans, and everyone knew that "you should be king, and you should not accept food". You can follow him for three years without receiving government food. Wherever he went, he didn't collect food for three years. I don't agree that historians put too much emphasis on the slogan of "land equalization system" when they put forward this "land equalization system" Why not agree? The "land equalization system" was put forward only after the political power was stable. Although Li Zicheng proposed it, it was not implemented. Without political power, how can we implement the "land equalization system"? Wars in some areas have stopped, which is not feasible. Only by establishing and consolidating political power can we talk about the "land equalization system", which is not the fundamental solution to farmers' problems, but only a temporary reformism. Let me ask you first, without starting from specific issues, where has the "land equalization system" been implemented? I'm afraid no one can answer. He didn't consolidate the regime and occupy the place. Where can we talk about the "land equalization system"? The most effective are three magic weapons: first, three-year exemption from inspection; One is that you don't accept the king's food; There is also a warehouse for relief. There is a fourth effect, that is, not killing intellectuals. Scholar juren, as long as you don't object to me, don't kill anyone. Why put it in the fourth place? Only the broad masses can determine the direction of history. At that time, it was exempted for three years, and the slogan "No grain with the king" was very useful. In the Ming Dynasty, the finance dried up, and besides the local grain tax, there were all kinds of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, which made the people bear a heavy burden. "Go with the king and don't collect grain" is very effective in calling on farmers and small and medium-sized landlords. Therefore, Li Zicheng's strength is not only based on poor peasants. At that time, the concept of class was not as clear as it is now, and its strength was based on small and medium-sized landlords. Small and medium-sized landlords feel particularly painful about the burden of collecting grain. We say that Li Zicheng represents the peasants and the poor, which is not in line with the feudal society. We have a class analysis today, and the class line is very clear. The peasant uprising lacked this class consciousness. Farmers are a comfortable class, not a self-sustaining class. He doesn't have a set of "peasant philosophy". Therefore, his strength is not only built on farmers, but also on small and medium-sized landlords and vendors. However, how the feudal society was formed, he will still rely on big landlords and bureaucrats as emperors in the future. It is impossible not to rely on bureaucrats. In fact, he flatters bureaucrats everywhere. So when he arrived in Henan, he put forward the slogan "No grain with the king", which was very effective. Three-year exemption from inspection gives people hope. If the king stands firm, it really gives people hope that they will not receive food for three years. This is effective. This is called chaos for a long time. Everyone has suffered for a long time, suffering for more than ten years. Now, such people are thinking of the people. This common people, including small and medium-sized landlords and farmers, all hope that he will succeed. And this third one: opening a warehouse for disaster relief. At that time, the Ming government had no right to help the hungry. Where does Li Zicheng's power come from? Li Zicheng specializes in breaking shanzhai. He broke 48 shanzhai in Funiu Mountain. This figure is really inaccurate, so I dare not say it. After he entered Henan, he didn't break a county seat, only a thatched cottage. Why not break the county seat? We have an old saying: rural chaos, urban chaos. If there is a little chaos, a small group of bandits will come out of that place, and it is safer to live on the edge of the city. If there is chaos in the city, it is not safe to live in the city, and it will be broken if attacked. At that time, the big landlords and gentlemen all lived in the cottage, and their food and property were concentrated in the cottage. The cottage is protected by the landlord's armed forces, so when the cottage is breached, there is food and money to help the hungry. In this way, hungry people followed him everywhere to welcome him. In addition, some propaganda and ballads were written, and the ballad "Go with you, don't eat human fireworks" was published, so it developed rapidly. This is the thirteenth winter of Chongzhen. In the spring of the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Luoyang was defeated in the first month, not by force, but by internal rebellion. There was an axe king in Luoyang. He was the uncle of Chongzhen and the richest king at that time. After entering Luoyang, he killed the Axe King and used the Axe King's money to help the hungry and expand the army. So, Li Zicheng got up like this. So was there no army to fight him in the Ming Dynasty? That's not true. Judging from the whole war situation, there are many factors that led to the failure of the Ming Dynasty. Judging from the local situation, there were still troops in the Ming Dynasty, but from the beginning, the Ming Dynasty fought on both sides. In the north, the Qing dynasty was fought, and farmers were fought all over the country. Fighting the Manchu Dynasty was the biggest burden of the Ming Dynasty. Many elite soldiers have to deal with Manchu, and they often lose the battle. Li Zicheng was by no means alone in the armed struggle against the peasant uprising. There were many places where there were uprisings, and Li Zicheng was only a part of them. After doing this for more than ten years, the financial and military resources of the Ming Dynasty dried up and there was no way out. And Li Zicheng took this opportunity to enter Henan to expand its strength. After Luoyang was destroyed, the history of peasant war in the late Ming Dynasty was divided into two stages. From then on, the peasant rebels represented by Li Zicheng took the initiative in the war, while the Ming Dynasty was passive. This is the golden age of Li Zicheng. However, everything often breeds the factor of failure in victory, and the factor of Li Zicheng's tragedy also stems from his victory. Li Zicheng keeps winning in the military, but it ignores one thing, that is, it doesn't know that every time it occupies a place, it will establish an initial regime, which is related to the consolidation of the regime. Has Li Zicheng set up officials to manage the strength of the people? He did it, but he didn't, which was an important factor in his ultimate tragedy. You have to set up officials to govern the people before you can resume production. Because there are no officials to manage the people, production continues to be destroyed. When you first entered Henan, the people welcomed you and supported you. But two years later, the people did not resume production, and the burden continued to increase. You said you wouldn't ask the people for food, but you asked the landlord for money. Where do landlords and landlords get their money and food? Or from farmers. Because feudal production depended on agriculture, the landlord did not farm the land himself, and the land ownership was still in the hands of the landlord. Therefore, it seems that we don't directly ask farmers for money and food, but we give orders to landlords everywhere, giving them as many mules and horses as possible, as much food as possible and as much money as possible. In fact, the landlord's food is still produced by farmers. The burden on farmers has not been reduced, but because the war continues year after year, farmers continue to suffer. It turned out that the farmers regarded him as a savior. After a long time, they can't satisfy their wishes, and they can only rely on the victory of the war to move forward step by step. People support you? Will the production be done well? Don't! Do you think it's strange that this simple policy can't get into Li Zicheng's mind? Why not? I'm not entirely sure. My research on this issue has a lot to do with the internal contradictions in Li Zicheng. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng troops joined a Luo Rucai, nicknamed Cao Cao, who was similar to his armed forces. He is a violent man. At that time, the cooperation condition was that every time a place was breached, the property obtained was 46 points, Li Zicheng got 60%, and Luo Rucai got 4 points. If Li Zicheng can't catch Luo Rucai, Luo will surrender to the Ming Dynasty, which is a terrible thing. If Luo Rucai cooperates with Zhang, it will also do great harm to Li Zicheng. Therefore, if we cling to Luo Rucai, this contradiction will affect the establishment of political power as long as it is not resolved. You said that the local officials of these prefectures and counties should be released, but should Luo Rucai be released? He wants to play, so it's 46 points! This contradiction lasted until the first month of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, when Xiangyang, Zhongxiang and Jingzhou were occupied, and Luo Rucai was killed in May. This contradiction has been solved, and some places have begun to release officials, but the time is late. At this time, the regime has never been established and production has not resumed, which has disappointed the people. This is a very important reason for his failure. We say that ordinary people judge a thing from a different angle than we do now. Today, we support you because we think you are the hero of the peasant uprising, but not then. Ordinary people don't like talking. He talks about material conditions, and everyone talks about having children, eating and dressing. He will support you when these material conditions satisfy him; If you don't satisfy him, he won't support you, which is very realistic, at least materialistic. However, Li Zicheng failed to meet the requirements of farmers in these places. Made a big mistake strategically. When I was in Xiangyang, I discussed what to do next before the establishment of political power, called Xinshunchao. He became the new King Shun and began to establish the central government. After the establishment of the political power, we will discuss how to use troops next. At that time, it was proposed to occupy Nanjing from Hanshui to the east, with Nanjing as its capital, and then to explore the North. This war department makes sense. In the late Ming Dynasty, the rural areas in the north went bankrupt, while the south was relatively complete. The wealth of Jiangnan has not been destroyed, and even Beijing's supply mainly depends on the south. It may be a good move to occupy Nanjing first and then explore north. A ready-made example: Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Nanjing and then exterminated the nation. Our area is Chen Youliang, including Jiangxi. The Yangtze River Delta is Zhang Shicheng's territory, and Zhejiang is Ming Yu Zhen's territory. After Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Nanjing, he destroyed Zhejiang Road first, and then fought Chen Youliang in Poyang Lake and defeated Chen Youliang. After Chen Youliang's death, Zhu Yuanzhang continued his Western Expedition and occupied the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Back to Zhang Shicheng, Zhang Shicheng Xuzhou as its capital, the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River became Zhu Yuanzhang's territory. This advantage is very important. First of all, there is a solid foundation in finance and economy. Then unify China, and then the Northern Expedition. First, it eliminated the influence of the Yuan Dynasty in the Yangtze River basin, which is the road to success. At that time, if Li Zicheng attacked Nanking, it was in line with this experience. Whether it will fail in the future is another question. But in the discussion, Li Zicheng thought it was too slow. It's too slow to manage the south of the Yangtze River before exploring the north. Someone put forward an aggressive method, sending troops from Xiangyang, passing through Henan and going straight to Beijing. This method is very quick, but some people think it is not suitable, because there was a governor named Sun Chuanting in the Ming Dynasty, who was very capable and lived in Xi 'an. If it is the Northern Expedition, the army will attack Beijing directly through Henan. Beijing can't attack, Sun Chuanting out of Tongguan, difficult to retreat? So the war department also gave up. The third war department is said to have been put forward by Gu Junen of Zhongxiang. First occupy Xi 'an, take Guanzhong as the base, and then send troops to attack Beijing in the Northern Expedition. This strategy is good, because he can retreat, defend and attack, which is especially suitable for the local concept of Li Zicheng and his generals. Because he is mostly from Shaanxi, he has a strong local concept. If Xi 'an is the capital, he is satisfied with it. At the same time, it is not bad to use people from his hometown as soldiers. In October of this year, he went to Henan, defeated Sun Chuanting in jia county, entered An, changed An to Chang 'an, and restored the name of the capital of the Tang Dynasty. This year1February, some troops began to cross the river in Hancheng. In the first month of the following year, a large number of troops crossed the Yellow River and headed for Beijing. The main force took Datong Yang and entered Juyongguan. Liu Fangliang led a team across Taihang Mountain and headed north to Quyang. Is this a good strategy? Historians used to think that this was a very good strategy, even a great strategy. Everything is dialectical and alive. If we don't take this approach, don't rush to attack Beijing, and don't attack Beijing for two years, the situation will be completely different. When Xi 'an was occupied, even Ningxia and Gansu were occupied, Hanzhong area was occupied, and a part of Sichuan was also occupied. It took two years to stay put, consolidate Henan, Shandong and Guanzhong areas, resume production and restore order. Beijing is a dead city. Why is Beijing a dead city? Beijing depends on food, money and money in Jiangnan. At that time, Li Zicheng's troops had arrived in Shandong, cut off the canal, and Beijing became a dead city. Threats from the whole state. Beijing is like fruit on a tree. You can choose at any time. What's the hurry? It is a good strategy to send troops to attack Beijing from Xi 'an, but it is imprudent to use it. A good strategy turned into a bad strategy.

Why is Li Zicheng in such a hurry to win Beijing? He is already the emperor of Xi, but he has not officially ascended the throne. In Ou's words, the coronation ceremony hasn't been held yet, as if it was official when he arrived in Beijing. In today's vocabulary, Beijing is the political capital, which was established in Beijing from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. Shortly after the Ming Dynasty established its capital in Nanjing, it moved to Beijing in the fifteenth year of Chengzu. So Beijing is the political capital and Xi is no longer the political capital. Looks like I'm going to Beijing to clear the name of this emperor. So I don't know the specific circumstances of putting the mastermind of the emperor on Niu Jinxing at that time. In Xi 'an, Li Zicheng is already the emperor, and he goes to the training ground to observe the training every three days. At this time, he was dressed in yellow, and there was no honor guard in front of him, but he had a pholiota adiposa, which was the symbol of the emperor. When people saw pholiota adiposa, they quickly hid. If you can't hide, kneel on both sides of the street and keep your head down. This is the position of the emperor. Many people don't understand the identity of the emperor and the feudal social system, as if he were still a peasant brother. The paintings about Li Zicheng's entry into Beijing collected by the China History Museum show people hugging Li Zicheng's horse's head, welcoming Li Zicheng and handing them over as gifts. This is a feudal society. When Li Zicheng arrived in Beijing, he didn't go to town immediately. First of all, Lee Guo sent troops to clear the field and made a thorough inspection of the palace. Then Li Chuangwang entered Beijing. Don't think that just because the peasants revolted, he must be brothers and friends with the peasants, which is not the case. This question should consider history from reality, not from fantasy. The minimum condition of historical materialism is to proceed from reality, not from fantasy. At this time, Li Zicheng has been carried away by victory and went to the ancestral grave in Mizhi County. Take ten thousand cavalry and follow him back to Mizhi. Lee Guo was the first to go out, and Lee Guo took the cavalry to build bridges and roads along the road. Outside the north gate of Mizhi County, a good temple was turned into a palace. In the city, the local elders will feast for three days. The ancestral graves were built and guarded by 500 soldiers. Exempt some money and food. Announce to relatives, neighbors and people in his own village that those who are willing to be an official with me will go to Chang 'an with me and stay at home with some money, and this leaves a batch. This was probably done in November of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen. After returning, prepare for the Northern Expedition. When we arrive in Beijing, the most important issue is to prepare for the throne. In Europe, this is a coronation ceremony, and the date of accession is constantly changing. Why? Wu Sangui's threat, Wu Sangui is in yutian county, east of Beijing. Let's put this end aside and talk about how Wu Sangui came from. In February of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, he decided to transfer Wu Sangui to Beijing. In order to save the bad situation at that time, Chongzhen also took many measures. One measure is to send inspector Li Jingtai to fight against Li Zicheng. Li Jingtai, a scholar, was afraid to leave just after leaving Beijing. He sent a general to Juyongguan to fight Li Zicheng. Another way is to move the capital and flee. At that time, a group of people suggested that Chongzhen fled to Nanjing. If you escape to Nanjing, it is hard to say how things will change in the future. Because there were two capitals in the Ming Dynasty, the capital actually moved to Beijing, and Nanjing also had a set of six yamen, which only handled affairs and made decisions in Beijing. Nanjing is the capital. If Chongzhen had fled to Nanjing, he would have run Jiangnan with the prestige of Emperor Chongzhen. When Li Zicheng fought, the Qing soldiers came from Shenyang, which became a frontal battle between the Qing soldiers and Li Zicheng, and Nanjing had a breathing space. I don't know how the history of China will develop in the future, because it didn't come true. Some people object to Chongzhen fleeing to Nanjing. Someone put forward another opinion:

Chongzhen could not escape, but sent the prince to Nanjing. In case of the fall of Beijing, the prince will supervise the country there and then become the emperor, which has appeal. There is another objection. Chongzhen is a proud man. His personality and tragic character prompted him to decide not to run away as long as someone objected. According to China's words since the Spring and Autumn Period, it is called "the country where the monarch dies". It is orthodox for a country's emperor and king to die for their country. Don't run away What do the garrison troops rely on not to escape? Only by Beijing's army? Beijing's army is corrupt and unable to fight. Only Wu Sangui's elite soldiers can, which determines the transfer of Wu Sangui's army. As soon as Wu Sangui's army changed its tune, the Great Wall was given. What if you don't give up? Some people have made a high-profile statement that this city cannot give up the land left by its ancestors, and this city will be scolded by future generations. Chongzhen wavered again. Yes, since I am a wise emperor, I can't give up a piece of land in the northeast. Later, I had no choice but to switch to Wu Sangui. This place has been abandoned, and everyone should be taken to the mountain pass. As soon as Wu Sangui set out, he took hundreds of thousands of people behind him, which is said to be 500,000 people. Maybe there are not so many figures, walking dozens of miles a day. Ordinary people don't take so much, so they are suitable to move forward. Wu Sangui is dominated by cavalry, and will arrive in Beijing in a few days. If Wu Sangui had arrived in Beijing, Li Zicheng would never have succeeded in attacking Beijing, but Wu Sangui left his hometown with hundreds of thousands of ordinary people and walked dozens of miles a day, which delayed the time. Li Zicheng to Juyongguan, Wu Sangui to Shanhaiguan, so far. Li Zicheng attacked Beijing, which was impossible to prevent, and entered Beijing on the 3rd. And Wu Sangui himself went to yutian county, and it was so far. It's very serious. We can't move forward. Beijing has been occupied and there is no way out. Outside Shanhaiguan, it was occupied by Qing army. Together with ordinary people, he has more than fifty thousand elite soldiers. Where do the materials come from? With the emperor here, there are ways to replenish supplies, but without the emperor, what should we do? So Wu Sangui lost the choice of advance and retreat at this moment. In this situation, he refused to surrender to Li Zicheng. Why not? We must solve this problem first. Wu Sangui's father is the company commander, and Wu Sangui tenderness is the company commander. The company commander is a general, a first-class officer and a first-class officer. Wu Sangui's uncle had several company commanders, and his uncle Zu Dashou surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. His relatives, friends and uncles formed an armed group in the northeast. Wu Sangui's family is called a military commander's family. He is a military commander from generation to generation. His father is a company commander. When he was old, he became a company commander. This family is at odds with "rogue" Li Zicheng. So some people say that Wu Sangui originally wanted to surrender to Li Zicheng. Later, he heard that Chen Yuanyuan was taken away by Liu Zongmin, and he didn't surrender. He did not study the class situation and class struggle at that time. He was a general of the Ming dynasty for two generations, and there were squadron leaders, deputy squadron leaders, guerrilla generals and so on under the company commanders. These are even more, forming an armed group that belongs to Ming Chengzu. Of course, he refused to surrender. He didn't write to Dashun Emperor saying that he would surrender, and Dashun Emperor sent someone to handle it. Why? He wants to find out, because he has no base, no rear, and no military and financial resources. At this time, there is a good topic of political hype: if he can get the prince, support him to ascend to the throne and call on the whole world to support him, he will be one of the greatest heroes in reviving the Ming Dynasty. At that time, he asked for the prince, but this time he didn't come because he asked for the Qing army. Let's put this end down for a while and talk about the third end and the Qing soldiers. Things are complicated. The first emperor of the Qing Dynasty was called Nurhachi. After the death of Nurhachi, the second generation emperor was called Huang Taiji, who was the emperor shunzhi's father, that is, the Qing Emperor Taizong. They are all Manchu, especially Huang Taiji, who poses the greatest threat to China. Looking at this issue from the perspective of the Chinese nation today, Huang Taiji is a hero and has made great contributions to the Chinese nation. It turns out that Manchu, a country with a place, a city and a small town in the north, is completely a tribal society. Through Huang Taiji, Manchuria was unified, and through him, most parts of Mongolia were unified. He unified the chaotic tribes in the north into a whole and brought them into the territory of China, so Huang taiji contributed a lot. Manchu was originally a nomadic tribe, which evolved into a slave society and gradually entered a feudal society. Huang taiji played a very important role. Of course, this is not desirable. He occupied Korea, so he went to war with the Ming Dynasty. A lot of food comes from North Korea, and some ships come from North Korea. Huang taiji died suddenly in August and September of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, leaving no will, which caused an internal power struggle. Dourgen is 28 years old and a big shot. Dourgen was advised to be emperor. Because he is Huang taiji's younger brother, he refuses to do it. He dealt a heavy blow to those who wanted to catch the emperor, killing several people and supporting Shunzhi as emperor. Shunzhi was a 6-year-old child at that time and supported him as emperor. The three became the king of Fuzheng. He is Wang Zhiyi, assistant minister, but this man is very skilled and has an army. Eight Banners, his three brothers took two flags, and Huang Taiji left one. He has an absolute advantage in strength and supports 6-year-old children to inherit the throne. As a result, he soon became the regent from the assistant king. The name has changed dramatically, and he can truly represent the emperor. His position is gradually rising. After entering Beijing, he was the Regent's Uncle, and the word "Regent's Uncle" was added before the Regent. In fact, this street is equal to the emperor's father, the Regent. According to legend, the empress dowager Shunzhi's mother married Dourgen, and the empress dowager married. There are different opinions about whether she will get married or not. Dourgen is very resourceful. When Li Zicheng attacked Peiping, he immediately mobilized his troops and entered the Great Wall. The soldiers had been dispatched.