Butterfly is a little slower than crawl. Because its leg movements resemble dolphins, it is also called "dolphin swimming". The technical composition of butterfly stroke: First, the body posture of butterfly stroke.

Second, butterfly leg technique third, butterfly arm technique fourth, butterfly coordination technique

Body posture

The body posture of butterfly stroke is different from other strokes. It has no fixed body position. During swimming, the parts of the trunk and head constantly change their relative positions. The head and trunk sometimes emerge from the water and sometimes dive into the water, forming undulating positions in the form of waves. In butterfly stroke, the center is the horizontal axis (waist), the trunk and legs swing rhythmically, and the power point is in the waist and abdomen. Then the thigh drives the calf, and the two legs stir up and down together. These movements are closely related to the movements of the head and arms, forming a unique wave-like movement of butterfly, so the body has less resistance when moving forward.

Leg technique

butterfly stroke

In butterfly stroke, the legs are naturally close together, and the heels are slightly separated into "inner characters". In the last stroke cycle, when the leg is kicked down, the foot is at the lowest point, the knee is straight, the hip is lifted to the water, and the hip joint is bent about 160 degrees (as shown in the figure). Then the legs are straight up, the hip joint gradually expands and the hip sinks (pictured). When the legs continue to go up, the thigh begins to press down, the knee joint and the thigh press down together, naturally bending, and the thigh continues to accelerate downward (as shown in the figure). With the increase of knee flexion, when the foot is lifted to the water, the hip drops to the lowest point, and when the knee is bent to an angle of about 1 10- 130 degrees, the foot is lifted to the highest point, and the water is accurately thrown downward and backward (as shown in the figure). When the foot hits the water downward, the ankle joint is relaxed, the foot surface is straight, and then the calf and thigh accelerate to push the water backward and downward. Feet continue to accelerate downward and backward to draw water. Before the end of the action, the thigh began to move upward again. When the knee joint is completely straightened, the downward pumping action ends (as shown in the figure). The kick of the butterfly leg is completed by the waist, passing through the hips, knees and ankles, and coordinated with the trunk and spine. The movement direction of the foot is downward and backward, and the downward amplitude is greater than the backward amplitude (as shown in the figure). When doing push-ups, the knees must be straight. If it is slightly bent, there will be great resistance on the back of the calf. In addition, when lifting your legs upward, don't use too much force to reduce resistance. The focus of kicking should be on the downward stroke, and the speed of the downward stroke should be about twice that of the upward stroke.

Arm technology

The stroke action of butterfly arm is the main factor to produce propulsion, and it is greater than other postures. The stroke of butterfly arm is that the arms enter the water in front of the head and stroke along the sides of the body in a curve. Its technical links are divided into several stages: entering the water, holding the water, paddling, pushing the water and moving the arm in the air. The entry point of butterfly arm is basically on the extension line of shoulder, and both arms enter the water at the same time. When entering the water, the elbow bends slightly higher than the forearm, and the palm is in front, making an angle of about 45 degrees with the water surface, and then driving the forearm and the big arm to enter the water in turn. In the entry stage, due to the lateral rotation of the forearm, the palm actively rotates from the outside to the back (see figure). butterfly stroke

After the water-holding arm enters the water, the hand and forearm continue to rotate outward and enter the water-holding stage. When holding water, the hand moves outward-backward-downward. With the external rotation of the forearm, the palm rotates from the outside to the back (see figure), and then enters the paddling stage. When the arm enters the paddling stage, the forearm and palm are the main surfaces of paddling. Bend your elbow and keep it in a high position. Forearm supination and increasing arm flexion are carried out simultaneously. When the two arms are below the shoulder, the included angle between the forearm and the big arm is about 90- 100 degrees. When the two hands are below the abdomen, the distance is closest (almost touching), and then the water is pushed. Push the water When the distance between the hands is the shortest, the hands do the action of pushing the water outwards in an arc. The direction of hand movement is outward-upward-backward. In the first half of water pushing, the hand has a large backward movement, and the water pushing route is straight; In the second half of pushing water, the hand has a great outward and upward movement. When pushing water, due to the pronation of the forearm, the palm changes from backward stroke to lateral rear. There are three routes of paddling and pushing (see figure), depending on the individual's physical condition. Generally, athletes with higher level adopt the first and second types. Water butterfly stroke

When the arms push water to both sides of the hip joint, the elbow is lifted off the water surface by the inertia of pushing water. Elbow lifting starts before the end of water pushing. Before the two arms kick the water, the elbows have started to lift upwards, and then the palms are facing outwards (see figure). Move your arm in the air. After pushing the water, lift your elbows off the water and move your arms forward from the air. When moving the arm, the elbow is slightly bent, the palm is up, the elbow comes out of the water before the hand, the arms are relaxed and pronated, and swing forward along the low parabola on both sides of the body (see figure). When you start to move your arm, use the centrifugal force of your arm to swing forward with a little force. Move your arm quickly, or you will sink.

Coordination technology

Coordination of arms and breathing. The breathing of butterfly stroke is to push the water with the help of the back of both arms, and at the same time, the muscles of the back need to be greatly extended, so that the head is lifted to the mouth and the air is inhaled when the water comes out. Inhale quickly, return your head to the original position before your arm enters the water, and exhale slowly or hold your breath a little before exhaling. The breathing in butterfly stroke is usually one stroke and one breath, but in order to speed up swimming, the technique of breathing again after two strokes can also be adopted. The coordination of arm and leg breathing (that is, complete coordinated action) is generally 1: 2: 1, that is, one arm action, two leg actions and one breath. Of course, in some cases, there are also n butterfly strokes.

(N> 1) The skill of breathing again with both arms and legs (the picture below shows the skill of breathing again with both arms and legs). The strength of two kicks is generally light for the first time and heavy for the second time, which should be different. The complete coordination technique is the first kick when the two arms enter the water (see the picture below); When the arms are holding water, the legs are up (see the picture below); When the arm is under the abdomen, start the second downward movement of water, raise your head and inhale. When the water push is over, the kick is over (see the picture below). When the arm moves, the leg is ready to kick for the next cycle; Move the front of your arm with your head still on the water, and lower your head when you move your arm over your elbow.

Edit the main points of this butterfly stroke

Breathe when your body is moving, not chase the air with your head. If you raise your head and stretch your chin to breathe, it will destroy the streamline of your body and will not produce more strength. You should try to keep your head natural during and after breathing. 2) mobilize your own strength to move forward. When you swing your arm backwards, you feel that your arm is bouncing forward (the direction of momentum is), instead of pushing water in the direction of your feet.

3) Sink and hold hands early. "We asked to sink her hands early so that her body could sweep them like a whip. As soon as her body center of gravity passes through her hands, she immediately enters the ballistic swing arm stage. " Grasp the water in front of your body as far as possible with your hands. As soon as your body sweeps your hand, let go immediately and take your hand out. 4) Be quick and powerful in the process of moving the trunk, and accelerate the afterburner instead of kicking. You must feel that your leg is being dragged instead of being kicked. It is not easy to keep the swing arm technique in the low butterfly, but it is not impossible to learn, as long as you always remember to throw your arm forward as far as possible instead of climbing out of the water to breathe. When you do the first butterfly stroke with your hands, you can breathe three or four times, and always remember the following points: 1) Keep your shoulders close to the water and keep your head in a straight line with your spine. Try your best to get to the other side of the swimming pool. 2) When you finish swinging your arm backwards, the direction of your arm in the water is forward rather than downward. 3) Hands sink early and sweep in the direction of chin. When your torso moves forward over your hand, immediately cut outward (like karate) to help eject your hand. 4) The wrist drives the arm forward and relaxes the hands and arms during the flight. 5) Once you can do the forward impact stroke smoothly, you can breathe again. Breathe with your body, not your head. Keep your head slightly down during the whole breathing, just like breaststroke. Try to hide your breath. Imagine someone watching you swim on the shore, trying not to find you breathing. When you start to learn to breathe with your body instead of your head, you can row your arms four or five times to breathe. You may want to stroke your arms and breathe at once without losing your balance. As Quick said, "If you can breathe correctly, you should be able to breathe as many times as you want. This can help you complete the game well. "

Edit the relevant knowledge of this paragraph.

Butterfly swimming is also called dolphin swimming. This swimming technique is complicated and laborious. In teaching, it is generally arranged after the other three strokes. (1) Trunk and leg movements: Objective: To master the wave movements of trunk and leg in butterfly stroke, and to learn waist and abdomen force is the basis of learning butterfly stroke. Difficulty: Wave action. Methods: (1) Stand in situ with arms raised and straightened. Waist and abdomen swing back and forth, imitating the wave action of dolphins, and the consistency of standing, bending, lifting and stretching. (2) The principle of crawling and paddling: Do paddling exercises up and down with your legs together at the same time, experience the strength of your waist, swing up and down rhythmically, and whip for water. Don't push too hard when moving up, but push hard when pressing water down. Error and correction: (1) The calf flexes and stretches out of the water without waves. Reason: The trunk didn't take part in the action, only the calf was used to draw water. Correction: the trunk participates in the action, and the action is carried out in strict accordance with the order of lifting abdomen, bending knees, lifting hips and stretching knees to fetch water. (2) The head and shoulders fluctuate too much. Reason: the concept of action is unclear. Correction: the hands, head and shoulders are relatively fixed, and the waist and abdomen force the lower limbs to make waves. (2) Teaching purpose of coordination of arms and breathing: Mastering the coordination of arms and breathing in butterfly stroke is to lay the foundation for the complete movement of butterfly stroke. Difficulty: Breathing. Methods: (1) Arm movement: open in situ, lean forward, about one arm away from the support, imitate butterfly stroke and stroke route: touch your thighs with your hands, inhale and raise your shoulders, move your arms in the air (the shoulders are higher than your wrists, the back of your hands is forward, and the palms are backward), bow your head when you level your shoulders forward, and stretch your hands forward in the air after entering the water. Push the water to lift the elbow off the water, and move the arm by inertia force. (2) Coordination of hand and leg movements and breathing: the foot touches the first water when the arm enters the water, the foot is raised when the arm paddles, and the foot touches the second water when the arm paddles until the navel pushes the water. (that is, one stroke and two strokes) (3) Hands, feet and coordination should be rhythmic, and the ratio of two strokes should be 1~2 minutes when entering the water for the first time; The second water thrust is 8~9 minutes, that is, "1928" force method. Error and correction: (1) arm movement is difficult after paddling. Cause: the water is weak, pause, and the palm grabs the water upwards. Correction: when pushing the water, the palm is backward, the elbow is lifted by inertia to turn the shoulder, and the arm is forward. (2) straight arm stroke. Reason: The concept is unclear. Correction: Bend your elbows and stroke your palms backwards. (3) Inconsistent hands, feet and coordination. Cause: the arm stays too long after entering the water and the cooperation is poor. Correction: After the arm enters the water, you need to paddle backwards for the second time. (4) There is no wave movement in the trunk, because the arm does not actively lower its head and lift its hips when entering the water. Correction: bow your head and take the initiative to lift your hips when you enter the water, and stretch your knees when you kick your legs up. Objective: To master the breathing method, rhythm and process of swimming and adapt to the stimulation of head immersion in water is an important means to eliminate the fear of water. Difficulty: breathe in through your mouth. People are used to inhaling through their noses. This habit is hard to change. Be sure to use your mouth when inhaling and your mouth or nose when exhaling. Breathing-breath-breathing should be rhythmic, and the breathing time of breaststroke and freestyle is 1: 3 and 1: 5 respectively. That is, inhale quickly and exhale slowly. Methods: 1. Grasp the pool with both hands, inhale through your mouth-hold your breath-then slowly immerse your head in the water and exhale like a wax blowing column (but not completely), then look up and inhale through your mouth. 2. After skillfully changing once, gradually do the sucking, closing and breathing actions continuously for more than 30 times. 3. In freestyle, turn your head sideways, one ear is immersed in water, and both sides rotate. Mistake: inhale through the nose; I didn't exhale in the water, so I was afraid of the water. Correction: explain the main points of action clearly and pinch your nose with your hand; Exhale hard during practice and keep bubbling.

Edit the main points of this paragraph.

Brief introduction of rules

The association participating in the Olympic Games must be recognized by the International Olympic Committee. Athletes sent by various associations must participate in the qualifying matches organized by FINA and the International Olympic Committee and obtain the qualification.

Qualification to participate in the competition

In each individual event of the Olympic Games, FINA will decide the registration result. The entry qualification is divided into two standards: A and B, and the result of B is relatively easy to achieve. If a country or association sends an athlete to participate in each event, these athletes must meet the Olympic B standard. If two athletes participate in the same event, their performance must meet the Olympic A standard. The Olympic registration of athletes is valid only if they meet the A standard in the competition recognized by FINA.

Individual event competition

In each individual event, each country can only send at most two athletes who meet the Olympic A standard. Only one athlete can take part in the Olympic bid B.

relay race

Each country can only send one team to participate in each relay event. Countries that fail to meet the standards: when no one in a country meets the Olympic standard A or B, a man and a woman can be sent to participate in the competition according to the qualification statement.

Matters needing attention

In the Olympic swimming competition, individual events under 200 meters (including 200 meters) will be held in the preliminaries, semi-finals and finals; Individual and relay events over 400 meters will be held in preliminaries and finals. Athletes and relay teams will enter the preliminaries according to the registration results, and enter the semi-finals or finals according to the preliminaries. Before the preliminaries 16, they entered the semi-finals, and the top 8 players entered the finals. When competing in the swimming pool in Lane 8, the best athlete or relay team in the same group should be arranged in Lane 4. Other athletes or relay teams are ranked as 5, 3, 6, 2, 7, 1 and 8 in turn according to their achievements. The relay race takes a team as a unit, and each unit can choose 4 athletes from the same group who signed up for the race to participate in the relay race. Participants can change at will in the preliminaries and finals, but it is illegal to reverse the number of clubs or change athletes without authorization after submitting the relay list. Departure and Arrival In the Olympic swimming competition, any athlete who commits a foul in taking off at the time of departure will be disqualified. Freestyle, breaststroke, butterfly and individual medley must take off from the starting platform, and backstroke should start in the water. When the referee gives the long whistle signal, the athletes should stand on the starting platform (backstrokers enter the water and swim back to the end of the pool quickly when the referee gives the second long whistle, ready to start in the water). When the starter gives the password of "take your positions", the athlete must have at least one foot ready to start at the front of the starting platform, and the arm position is not limited. When all the athletes have a rest, the starter sends out a "start signal" (gun, electric whistle, whistle or password). Athletes can't start until they hear the "start signal". In freestyle and backstroke, athletes can only touch the wall with one hand at the end, while in breaststroke and butterfly, athletes must touch the wall with both hands at the same time. The swimming competition of the turn-back Olympic Games adopts a 50-meter-long standard pool, and all competitions with a distance of more than 50 meters must turn back on the way. When turning, freestyle and backstroke allow athletes to touch the pool wall with any part of their bodies, which allows athletes to kick the pool wall with their feet after turning underwater. An exception to the turn rule is that in individual medley, when changing from backstroke to breaststroke, the swimmer must keep the backstroke posture until touching the pool wall. Timing The results and rankings of all swimmers are determined by the automatic timing device. When an athlete starts, the pressure plate on the starting platform will record the data. Touch boards are installed at both ends of each lane, and athletes will be recorded when they touch the wall. Because the touch panel and the starting platform are interconnected, it can be judged whether the athletes participating in the relay race enter the water after their teammates touch the wall. In the relay race, if any athlete leaves the starting platform 0.03 seconds before his teammate touches the wall, the team will automatically be disqualified. Athletes can start when their teammates touch the wall, but their feet must touch the starting platform. )

Edit this paragraph to watch the game etiquette.

The audience should enter and leave the venue in an orderly manner and arrive at the venue before the competition, which is the minimum respect for athletes, coaches and referees. Glass bottles and cans are not allowed, and only soft-packed drinks are allowed during the competition. Garbage should be put in a convenient bag or paper bag and taken out by yourself. The audience's clothes should be neat and generous, not too casual. At the beginning of the game, especially when the athletes are ready to leave, they must keep quiet and don't eat, chat or make noise with each other. You'd better not walk around during the game. The audience must remember that no flashing lights are allowed in the swimming pool. The mobile phone should be turned off or set to vibrate and mute. Smoking is prohibited in the venue. Watching the game, you can shout the names of your favorite athletes, and you can shout slogans under the unified command of the cheerleading team, but you can't shout uncivilized language. The players played well and the audience applauded. When introducing athletes from all over the world, we should also give them support and encouragement, and we should not boo them. After the game, the winners will be awarded medals and their national anthem will be played. At this time, the audience should all stand up and be silent.

Edit this paragraph: China butterfly Olympic champion

Hong Qian

197 1 year. People from Baoding City, Hebei Province. Height1.66m, weight 62kg ... When he was a teenager, he entered Baoding Sports School in Hebei Province to learn swimming, 1983 joined the Hebei Provincial Team, and 1985 was selected as the national swimming training team, and won the title of athlete in the same year. The main event is 100 meter butterfly. 1986 national spring swimming regionals, cooperated with teammates and set a national record of 4× 100 meter freestyle relay with a score of 3 minutes 5 1 sec 19. In the same year, he won the 1 00-meter butterfly champion in the swimming competition of the 10th Asian Games in Seoul with the score of1minute 0/second 36. 1987 At the US Open, he won the105 butterfly championship, ranking fourth in the world that year. In the same year, he won the swimming gold medal in the 6th National Games with 1 min 00.45 seconds. /kloc-0 participated in the 3rd Asian Swimming Championships in Guangzhou in April, 1988, and won the gold medal in 59.93 seconds, which was the best result in Asia. 1988 participated in the 24th Olympic Games in Seoul and won the bronze medal in 59.52 seconds; In the same year, he was awarded the title of international athlete. 1990 The 11th Asian Games in Beijing won the 4×100m medley relay gold medal, and100m butterfly and 200m butterfly two silver medals. 199 1 Perth 6th World Swimming Championships 100 meter butterfly gold medal, first place in 50m butterfly (performance event). He has been rated as one of the top ten swimmers in China for many times. 1992 broke the Olympic record of women's 100 meter butterfly at Barcelona Olympic Games and won the gold medal.

Liu Zige

In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, in the women's 200m butterfly on August 14, China's Liu Zige won the gold medal with a score of 2: 04. 18, which broke the world record and made another breakthrough for the China swimming team in this Olympic Games. Jiao Liuyang also won the silver medal in 2: 04.72. Name: Liu Zige Gender: Female Date of Birth: 1989-03-3 1 Place of Birth: Shanghai Height: 18 1cm Weight: 67kg butterfly position.

Item: Swimming Olympic Games Entry Item: Best swimming performance: champion of women's 200m butterfly in 2008 National Swimming Championships Identity: athlete coach: Jin Wei Applicant: Shanghai main performance: Liu Zige, the champion of women's 200m butterfly in 2008 National Swimming Championships, is 1m 8 1, and the main event of tall girl in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is 200m butterfly. In the 2008 National Swimming Championships and Olympic trials, Liu Zige won the first place by beating the previous champion Jiao Liuyang with an excellent result of 2 minutes 07.76 seconds, which was not optimistic. There is no doubt that it will include an Olympic quota. Liu Zige ranked eighth in the world in this Olympic trials, while in 2007. After the competition, Hong Qian, a senior swimmer who won the gold medal in the women's100m butterfly at the Barcelona Olympic Games, said that the China swimming team in the Beijing Olympic Games had a chance to win seven or eight medals, among which Liu Zige's 200m butterfly was worth looking forward to.

Edit this famous athlete.

The legendary flying fish Shpits: American athlete who won100m freestyle, 200m freestyle,100m butterfly, 200m butterfly, 4x100m freestyle, 4x 65438+. He is the third athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals after Finnish long-distance runner nurmi and Soviet gymnast Latinina, and has broken the world records of freestyle and butterfly for 35 times. It is one of the five "Best Athletes of the Century" awarded by the International Olympic Committee. The new king Phelps 200 1 World Championships won the 200m butterfly, breaking the world record. In 2003, he won the 200m butterfly, 200m individual medley and 4x 100 medley relay at the World Championships, and broke the world record five times. In the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, the men's individual medley of 200m and 400m was 65438. Gold medals in 4x200m freestyle relay and 4x100m medley relay, champions in 200m and 400m medley in 2007 World Swimming Championships, champions in butterfly100m and 200m freestyle, champions in 4x100m and 4x200m freestyle relay, and broke five world records.