(For friends who often watch war themes, sand table deduction is not a strange word. Militarily, sand table deduction is used for ex ante simulation and ex post analysis, and ex post analysis is also called "resumption". This paper uses this concept to restore some major wars in Jiaodong history. The first article will introduce the Qing army's attack on Qixia in the early Qing Dynasty. ) 1, the war background in the history of the seventh uprising, * * * twice, the first time in the Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi for five years, and the second time in Shunzhi for eighteen years. The attitude of the Qing court changed in different periods. During the first uprising, the power of Nanming was still strong, and the main force of the Qing court was used to conquer the south, adopting the strategy of detaining Yu Qi in Jiaodong. Zhang Shangxian, the magistrate of Dengzhou, came forward to surrender and awarded the post of general manager of Qixia. During the second uprising, the Qing army had pacified Yunnan and freed up its energy, so its attitude towards the seven parties became tough. Not only did there be no record of trying to win over during the war, but the outbreak of the second uprising itself was directly related to the Qing court's high-handed policy toward Seven. According to historical records, his younger brother Yu Jiu had a private dispute with Song Youpu of Laiyang, but Song went to the Ministry of War to sue Qi for rebellion, which was quite suspected of personal enmity. However, it seems that the Qing court could not tolerate Qi's excuse, so it immediately sent officers and men to his home to search. When they went out in Qi, their families were angry with the arrogant attitude of the officers and men and killed them with a knife. When they heard the news in Qi State, they had to fight back. 2. The stage of the war can be roughly divided into three stages since the second uprising in July. The initial stage is from the spring of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi to October of that year. At this time, Yashan was given priority to, and people were sent around to contact old employees to find alliances. At that time, the main force of the Qing army did not enter Jiaodong, and the local garrison was unable to negotiate. The two sides are generally in a stalemate; From that year 10, we began to take the initiative in seven aspects. Fushan, Ninghai, Wendeng, Dasongwei and other places were all besieged by the Seventh Rebel Army. At this time, it was the second time in the * * * stage of the seventh uprising. While ordering local defense, the Qing court sent fresh troops to Jiaodong. By the end of that year (1February), the main force of the Qing army had reached Jiaodong and the foot of Yashan. After several months of persistence, Yashan was broken and the war ended. Among the above three stages, Yu Qi has certain initiative in the first and second stages, while the third stage is only passive defense. Therefore, the next part of the discussion about "Yu Qi's layout" mainly analyzes his actions in the first and second stages. 3. The pages of Yu Qi's descendants mentioned this war, mostly called it "Yu Qi Uprising", and some people called it "Jiaodong Peasant Uprising in the Early Qing Dynasty". But strictly speaking, the peasant uprising is not very rigorous. Because by birth, Yu Qi is not a farmer. Shizai was born in Tangjiabo, Qixia in July, and studied martial arts during Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty. There are also folklore that his family background is quite background, even related to the Qi Jiguang family in Dengzhou. This legend can't be verified for the time being, but according to the comprehensive historical data, Yu Qi family was undoubtedly a famous family in Qixia village at that time. In addition, after the first uprising in July, he served as the general manager of Qixia for a long time, and had many contacts with local gentry, so he could be regarded as a person of the same level. The fuse of the second uprising was to save oneself, which was different from being hungry. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the situation changed, and local power factions were sometimes eliminated and sometimes returned to the Ming Dynasty. This happens all the time. For example, in the years after the Qing generals Bian Jiang and Jin Shenghuan were purged, they sent troops against the Qing Dynasty. Because of the high-handed policy adopted at the beginning of the Qing dynasty's entry into the customs, the anti-Qing actions at that time were often regarded as "righteous acts" or "anyway" The second uprising in July seems to be closer to this category. As I mentioned just now, Yu Qi was born in Jiaodong, and he has the team foundation of the first uprising, so his old friends are all over the counties under the jurisdiction of Dengzhou. In the spring of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, after the uprising in July, he led the people into Yashan, and Yin and Yin soon followed. Xing Koizumi, Chang Monk, Duan Zhongxun, Xu Haimen and Xu Yaomen also responded successively. (Qixia Mountain Area) It is worth mentioning that at this stage, Yu Qi's main energy was to contact the Allies. It seems that he did not put forward the uprising slogan. According to historical records, although Yu Qi was born in the Ming Dynasty, he didn't see the slogan of "fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight" in his two uprisings, so the Qing court didn't call it a "fake" (at that time, it was often called a "fake post" for Nanming forces), but called it a "thief" (a derogatory term commonly used by ancient rulers for civil rioters). Nan Ming didn't see the title of Qipin official position, nor did he regard it as a "righteous teacher" who was bent on saving. As far as the overall strategic layout is concerned, the lack of clear political slogans is a mistake of Yu Qi. Take Zheng Chenggong and other Nanming generals as an example, because some gentry in the south of the Yangtze River have become potential supporters under the banner of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight". The situation at that time was that as long as Nanming's army won in other places, most of the neighboring counties were obedient and few resisted according to the city. However, during the seventh uprising, his troops attacked counties in Jiaodong, and most of them were blocked in the city. Although the gentry in Qixia and Laiyang were familiar with Yu Qi, few really joined its anti-Qing team. After the restoration, although Nanming's influence in Yunnan basically collapsed at that time, Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huangyan still existed in the southeast coast, and their shipmates were often active in Fujian and Zhejiang. If Yu Qi takes "anti-Qing and regaining sight" as its name, if the Qing court is based in Haikou, Jiaodong, and is in the same strain as Fujian and Zhejiang, it will at least have scruples. However, it didn't work, which made Yu Qi fight the Qing army alone without foreign aid, and finally failed. After about half a year's preparation, in October of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, he began to take the initiative in seven aspects. According to the records of Dengzhou Prefecture, on July 7th, Xing Koizumi was sent to Koufushan, Changshoukou Wendeng, Waininghai, and Xu Haimen and Xu Yaomen committed Da Songwei. The word "dispatch" used in the record shows that Yu Qi did not leave Yashan, and the people who participated in the war were his Ministry. Considering the inconvenient transportation and communication in ancient times, it was obviously difficult for Yu Qi to command a battle more than 100 miles away. This can also explain from the side that the above-mentioned rebel generals are not so much his subordinates as his allies. Although there are thousands of people in each of the above different teams, there is no unified command and no strong joint force. Therefore, in the above siege, although the number of Qing troops guarding the city was not as good as that of the rebel army, none of them succeeded. Regardless of the fighting capacity of Yu Qi's team, it is not the best policy to choose the attack direction. As we all know, Jiaodong Peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides, and only the west side is connected with the inland. In ancient times when shipping was underdeveloped, it belonged to "Jedi" from the perspective of the art of war on land, which was beneficial to attack but unfavorable to defend. When the Nian Army marched into Jiaodong, Li Hongzhang had planned to dig the Jiaolai Canal, delimit the land as a prison, isolate the Nian Army in a corner of the peninsula, and then push forward from the west side and go to sea one by one. Although this plan went bankrupt because the Nian Army broke through the Jiaolai estuary, it reflected the influence of geographical factors on the offensive and defensive situation in Jiaodong ideologically. Therefore, it is unwise for Qi to stick to Yashan and wait for the Qing army to attack the city, especially when there are no reinforcements outside. From the point of view of restoration, the best policy is to go south along the coast of Jiaodong Peninsula, pass through Jiaozhou, get a glimpse of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, contact the forces of Nanming at sea, and take Jiangnan; The central strategy is to move westward, integrating Laiyang, Yexian and Shahe, cutting off the passage between the mainland and the peninsula (roughly to the later Wei Yan Highway), deterring the main reinforcements of the Qing army, taking Jiaolai River as a natural barrier and sticking to Jiaodong until the world changes. Of course, the above choices are all from today's perspective, and it is a bit harsh to ask the ancients. During the second uprising, Yu Qi was passive, so it was difficult to make a long-term analysis, which was also reasonable. In addition, as mentioned above, when responding to seven-year-old children, they may not directly obey the seven orders. Valerie Qi mountain headquarters hordes, a clever woman can't cook without rice, it is obviously difficult to achieve the best policy and the middle policy. Sitting on Yashan is actually a helpless choice. 4. Comparison of strength between the two sides In the era of cold weapons, the number of troops is the main factor that determines the outcome of the war. So, in this war, how did the Qing army compare with Yu Qi? The official history does not record the number of the Seven Rebels. From the profile description, it is speculated that there are probably thousands of siege troops everywhere, and the number of people in Yashan headquarters should not exceed 3000 at most. So, how many Qing troops attacked Yu Qi? According to "Dengzhou County Records", in October of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, the court ordered General JD.COM to lead Shu Mutura and others, and Governor Zuzepu led all the troops to suppress it. "Jixi ha, was born in Manchuria is yellow banner, belongs to the rich tea market. At the end of Shunzhi, he was already a member of the Eight Banners. According to the draft of Qing history, in the ninth year of Shunzhi, he was awarded the right red flag (flag owner) of Gushan, Mongolia, and participated in many attacks on Nanming. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi, he just went south with the army and captured Yunnan, but there were other commanders at that time. In recent years, the seventh uprising broke out. This time, Ji Xiha was given the post of General JD.COM and led the army eastward. (Looking at Yashan from the side) At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the flag master went out to take charge of the military forces of the headquarters. The number of people in a flag is about 7500, and the number of people in Mongolian flag and Han flag may be slightly less. Counting other troops temporarily deployed to Jixi Ha, he brought about 10,000 troops directly under him, which was already considerable, because the total strength of the Eight Banners at that time was only 100,000, and there has always been a saying in history: "Nuzhen is not satisfied with 10,000, she is invincible." "In addition, at that time, Shandong Governor Zuzepu was able to master about twenty thousand people in green camp. Excluding the troops stationed in Shandong mainland, the number of people who can be sent to attack Yu Qi is estimated to be more than half, that is, more than 654.38+00,000. On the whole, the Qing army that reinforced Jiaodong from the mainland should be around 20 thousand. Twenty thousand to three thousand, this is probably the comparison between the main force of the Qing army and the strength of the seven headquarters in Yashan offensive and defensive war. Sun Tzu's art of war said: "Ten rules surround it", so after the main force of the Qing army entered Jiaodong, both sides quickly entered the offensive and defensive stage of Yashan. 5. Three offensive and defensive battles According to the Records of Laiyang County, the route of the main force of the Qing army entering Jiaodong is from the junction of Yexian County in Changyi to Jiaolai River, then from Yexian to Laiyang, and from Laiyang to Qixia. Qixia and Laiyang are the birthplaces of Qi. At that time, it was widely rumored that the hearts of Qixia and Laiyang had changed. So when the Qing army arrived in Yexian County, they planned to slaughter them in both places. Fortunately, good people returned to Laiyang in advance, and the magistrate of Laiyang tried his best to protect it, so that the Qing army was restrained. The county annals said, "East crossing south begins." "Laiyang County survived the military disaster, but Qixia County failed to escape this robbery. According to the records of Dengzhou Taishou, Jixi went down to Laiyang, Tula led 700 soldiers to Qixia, and more than 300 people were thieves. " The fate of these 300 people can be imagined. There is no record of Yu Qi occupying the county seat in Qixia County Records of Qing Dynasty, which may be a rumor. From the comparison of 700 and 300 people, we can also see that the total strength of both sides should be small, probably even less than the estimated number of "20,000 to 3,000". After the Qing army took control of Laiyang and Qixia counties, it successfully cut off the contact between Yu Qi and the outside world on the cliff mountain, which made it difficult for Yu Qi's troops and food to be replenished and finally difficult to support. (Yingpan Village at the foot of Yashan Mountain) Historically, in December of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, the main force of the Qing army gathered at the foot of Yingshan Mountain (there is a village called Yingpan in Taocun Town, Qixia City). On the seventh day, based on risks, the offensive and defensive war of Yashan was officially launched. The process of the war is not recorded in detail in the official history, but there is a rich version of the legend circulating among the people. It is said that the Qing army once stormed the front line of Yashan, but it was hit hard by the Seventh Army, causing heavy casualties. A place in the southeast of Xueya Mountain was later called "Blood Irrigation Pavilion" (connected with Guanting Village). (The Qing army besieged Yashan) After the frontal attack was unfavorable, the Qing army adopted siege tactics, and the distribution of troops was as follows: the main force took positions in front of Yashan to maintain pressure on the seven rebels; In addition, a post was set up in the northwest of Yashan Mountain to prevent Yu Qi from breaking through the back of Yashan Mountain. There are mountains in the northern and eastern foothills of Yashan Mountain, even if it breaks through, it will have little impact. The northwest of Yashan Mountain can lead to Qixia County, so the Qing army set up a card here. The above layout is also reflected in today's Qixia place names. In Tangjiabo Town, there are three villages: Shangshao, Xiashao and Houshao. According to records, the word "whistle" in the name is related to the post set up by the Qing army that year. (Xiashao Village) was deadlocked for two months, and the grain and grass of the seventh rebel army were unsustainable. "Dengzhou County Records" contains: In the spring of the first year of Kangxi, Yin Ying and his son were beheaded, and the rest were told to surrender. The offensive and defensive war in Yashan ended in the failure of the Seventh Rebel Army. After the breakthrough in the seventh year, there was no news. According to folklore, he lived in seclusion in Laoshan and became a monk, creating a set of mantis boxing, which was handed down to later generations. Rebels in other areas of Jiaodong, such as Kunyu Mountain and Zhaohushan, were quickly put down by the Qing army because they were leaderless. The second uprising, which lasted for about a year, ended here. 6. Conclusion Judging from the resumption of this war, it is actually a contest in which the strength of both sides is very unequal. The balance tilted towards the Qing army from the beginning. Limited by the times, communication and mentality, it is difficult for Yu Qi, a passive uprising, to make the best strategic choice, or even if it makes the best strategic choice, it may not necessarily win. However, in the face of the situation in Enemy at the Gates, Yu Qi was able to hold on to Yashan for more than two months. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a dime a dozen was rare. Courage and perseverance are really extraordinary. Hundreds of years later, his story is still widely circulated in Jiaodong, and the local people's admiration for him is also evident. As Tai Shigong said, judgment is also needed in narration.