During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the feudal lords fought for hegemony and wars arose, and people had a further understanding of the importance of agricultural production. Thinkers at that time all put forward their own views on the importance of agriculture, among which Guan Zhong's view is the most representative. Guan Zhong not only has a famous saying that "only when you have enough food and clothing can you know the honor and disgrace", but also connects agricultural production with the prosperity of the country and people. He put forward: "people who are wrong in a place that is not inclined will be awarded virtue;" Those who accumulate warehouses are not exhausted, which are grains; Those who hide in inexhaustible houses, raise Sang Ma and raise six animals ... If they take grains, they will have enough to eat; If you raise Sang Ma and raise six animals, the people will be rich. " He also warned the rulers that "anyone who has land herders should serve in the warehouse at four o'clock." Based on this understanding, some vassal States put forward the slogan of "ploughing war" to encourage farmers to develop agricultural production and obtain more food to support themselves.

While some vassal States actively devoted themselves to encouraging farmers to engage in farming wars, some thinkers also put forward their own views on agricultural issues from different standpoints, becoming farmers and becoming one of the schools of thought contending at that time. "Han Yi Wen Zhi" says: Farmers move, they are crops built by officials. They sow hundreds of grains and persuade farmers to plant mulberry to have enough food and clothing, so the eight strategies are one daily diet and one day's goods Confucius said, "People value food." The other school of theory has the color of "contempt agronomy" or "civilian agronomy" Whether it is a farmer with the color of "official agronomy" or a farmer with the color of "contempt for agronomy", his theory should include two aspects, on the one hand, social and political views, and on the other hand, knowledge about agricultural science and technology.

There are ***9 kinds of farmer's works in Hanshu, including 20 pieces of Shennong and 0/7 pieces of Yelao/kloc-which are works in the Six Kingdoms Period. The former is "a scholar is sick, lazy in agriculture and grateful to Shennong." The latter is "old man's land", according to Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Quot Lu's Chunqiu is divided into four chapters: Shang Nong, Man and Land, Politics and Dating.

Lu's articles such as Shang Nong in the Spring and Autumn Period reflect the technology of intensive cultivation. Going to agriculture means "respecting agriculture". This paper expounds the importance of agricultural production and the policies and measures to encourage agriculture and mulberry. Rendi and other three papers are the most concentrated and in-depth set of papers on agricultural science and technology in pre-Qin literature, which discuss a set of papers from aspects of ploughing, soil preparation, sowing, seedling fixing, intertillage weeding, harvesting and farming time. The content is very rich. Among them, man and land have the nature of general discussion, and the argument about soil and the judgment about time have the nature of separate discussion. Ren Di put forward ten major problems in agricultural production, the general principle of land use, the so-called "generosity in farming", and also discussed the importance and methods of mastering farming time. "On Soil" mainly talks about cultivation techniques. The so-called "cultivation" means stealing land, seedlings and grass. It is urgent to talk about the harm of unreasonable plot structure. Later, I will talk about the technical principles of sowing and intertillage in turn. The review mainly discusses the importance of mastering farming time.

The rudiment of intensive cultivation

The appearance of three articles, such as Benevolence, marks the initial formation of traditional intensive cultivation technology. Intensive cultivation in this period mainly has the following characteristics:

(1), deep ploughing. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, iron farm tools began to be widely used, which was confirmed by historical documents and archaeological excavations. At the same time, Niu Geng also appeared. All these have prepared conditions for the intensive management of agricultural production. During the Warring States period, deep ploughing was widely advocated. Quot The deep ploughing, the soil will win ",the advantage of this is that the cultivated land can be" big grass does not grow, small insects do not grow, and now it is beautiful and beautiful. " "In addition to the requirements for depth, Lu Chunqiu also put forward the general principles and some specific principles of farming adjustment according to the soil's own situation. Those who rest want to work, and those who work want to rest; People with thorns want to be fat, and fat people want to be thorns; People who are in a hurry want to slow down, and slow people want to worry; Those who are wet want to do it, and those who are dry want to get wet. " The general meaning of this passage is: hard soil should make it softer and soft soil should make it harder; Land that has been fallow should be cultivated, and land that has been cultivated for many years should be fallow; The barren land should be made fat, and the over-fat land should be made thin; Let it be loose if it is too real, and let it be real if it is too loose; Too wet land should make it drier, and too dry land should make it wetter. This shows that considerable experience has been accumulated in soil farming during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.