Dreaming for nine days and then asking for heaven, striding for a new journey of strengthening the country. On June 17, astronauts Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo successfully boarded the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft and became the first crew of the space station and the core cabin of China, which opened the first manned mission of China's manned spaceflight project in the space station phase.
At 9: 22, the Long March II F- 12 carrier rocket was ignited and launched on time at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. This is the seventh manned launch mission of the Long March II F rocket.
After about 573 seconds, the ship and arrow were successfully separated. Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft entered the scheduled orbit, the flight crew was in good condition and the launch was a complete success!
At that moment, the combination of Tianhe core cabin and Tianzhou-2 was running in a nearly circular docking orbit of about 390km, in good condition, waiting for Shenzhou.
15: 54, the spacecraft successfully docked the front port of Tianhe core cabin by autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking, and formed a three-cabin (ship) assembly with the previously docked Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, which lasted about 6.5 hours.
This is the first rendezvous and docking between Tianhe core cabin and manned spacecraft since it was launched into orbit on April 29.
18: 48, astronauts Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo successively successfully entered the Tianhe core cabin, marking the first time that China people entered their own space station.
On June 17, the astronauts of Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft entered the sky and core cabin in groups at Beijing Space Control Center. Xinhua News Agency
Nie Haisheng, who flew three times, and Liu Boming, who knocked on the sky again, together with Tang Hongbo, who explored space for the first time, started China's longest space flight so far.
The astronaut crew will complete a three-month in-orbit stay, carry out robotic arm operation and extravehicular activities, and verify a series of key technologies such as long-term in-orbit stay and regenerative life support.
Shenzhou 12 manned space mission is the19th mission since the implementation of China's manned space project.
Since 1992, when the CPC Central Committee implemented the "three-step" development strategy of manned spaceflight project, after nearly 30 years of independent development and continuous struggle, China's manned spaceflight has successfully completed all the established tasks of the first and second steps, and is now making every effort to build a space station and a national space laboratory.
The Chinese nation's flying journey has stood at a new starting point.
The manned spaceflight project will also usher in an unprecedented high-density launch. According to the space station construction mission plan, the 1 1 mission will be carried out this year and next, and the on-orbit construction of the space station and the national space laboratory will be completed in 2022. After that, the space station will enter the operation stage.
This is a heroic and magnificent journey.
Aspect analysis
The boat of life between heaven and earth
Five years later, the Shenzhou manned spacecraft sent astronauts into space again. How is the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft optimized and upgraded? What are the improvements in comprehensive ability?
The most complete spacecraft at present.
"Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft is the manned spacecraft with the highest development standards and the most stringent requirements in all aspects in China so far, and it is the boat of life for astronauts to realize the round-trip between heaven and earth." Gao Xu, deputy director of the overall design department of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said.
Shenzhou-12 mission is the first time that Shenzhou series spacecraft has carried out the round-trip transportation mission for astronauts on the space station. The total length of the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft is about 9 meters and the total weight is about 8 tons. It is a three-cabin structure consisting of propulsion module, return module and orbital module.
The orbital module is equipped with key equipment such as astronauts' on-orbit life support equipment and rendezvous and docking sensors, which is fully prepared for autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking. The return cabin is the cabin where the astronauts ride during the launch and return of the spacecraft, and it is the "brain" of the spacecraft. The propulsion module is equipped with propulsion system, power supply and other equipment to provide power for the spacecraft and control the attitude and orbit during flight.
After the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft docked with the core module of the space station, the astronauts entered the space station for assembly. After the astronauts' mission is completed, the spacecraft return capsule will bring the astronauts back to the ground safely.
"Shenzhou XII is the most functional spacecraft at present. It can be said that the development goal of manned spacecraft in the early stage of manned spaceflight project has been fully realized. " Gao Xu said.
Four firsts is amazing.
The Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft will set a number of domestic first-time records.
-The autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking of manned spacecraft was implemented for the first time.
With the constant adjustment of the attitude of the space station, the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft quickly docked with the space station after launch. Gao Xu described Shenzhou 12 as a "super-run" with fully automatic driving function, which independently calculated and judged its destination.
-the first flight around the space station, meeting radially.
In this mission, the rendezvous and docking capability of Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft has been strengthened, and it has a more complex rendezvous and docking flight mode, with the functions of forward, backward and radial docking and separation with the space station. It is planned to fly around the space station and conduct the radial rendezvous test for the first time in this mission.
-Long-term on-orbit docking was realized for the first time.
Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft will stay in orbit for three months. In order to adapt to the complex external heat flow conditions caused by the complex configuration and attitude of the space station, the Shenzhou team specially designed thermal control schemes such as the return capsule, propulsion engine and tank, and the power supply scheme of the ship station, which enabled the spacecraft to have adaptive support conditions for power supply and thermal environment protection.
-For the first time, it has the ability to return to the landing site from different altitude orbits.
Shenzhou team adaptively designed the return orbit, adjusted the return height of manned spacecraft from a fixed value to a relative range, and improved the return algorithm to improve the adaptability and reliability of manned spacecraft.
"Combination of Heaven and Earth" to Ensure Spacecraft Safety
Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft has plans and measures to ensure the safety of astronauts at any stage of its mission.
In the launching stage, if there is an accident, with the help of the upper escape tower, the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft can quickly take the astronauts out of the danger zone and land safely through parachutes.
During the automatic docking of the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft with the space station and the core module, if the relative position and attitude measurement and control equipment fails, the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft can be transferred to the astronauts to manually control the spacecraft, and the space station can be manually docked with the cross target through camera images.
During the docking of the space station, the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft also has the ability to evacuate the space station at any time and return to Earth safely.
Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft is equipped with two sets of parachutes. When the spacecraft's return capsule rushes to the earth's surface, when there is a problem with one set, the other set of parachutes can be propped up at any time to play a role in slowing down and buffering.
In addition, the Shenzhou team came into the arena with two spaceships, one of which was used as a backup of the launching ship and was a life rescue ship for astronauts in an emergency.