Chinese name
Nuclear Safety Culture
Foreign name
Nuclear Safety Culture
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meaning
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Several problems that should be paid attention to in the process of popularizing safety culture
Create background
The safety characteristics of nuclear power plants are high risk and low risk rate, and public opinion has high expectations for their safety. In the past, the safety of nuclear power plants was mainly achieved through laws, regulations and hardware facilities. For example, the government implements a strict examination and approval system for nuclear power plant projects, and safety devices adopt multiple defense-in-depth systems. But like all industrial enterprises, no matter how advanced the system is, it may lead to some equipment failures and accidents for various reasons. In the research, it is found that most accidents in nuclear power plants (about 80%, with different situations in different countries) are not caused by equipment failures, but directly or indirectly by human errors. This is the case with the two biggest accidents in the history of nuclear power in the world (1979 Three Mile Island accident in the United States and 1986 Chernobyl accident in the former Soviet Union).
These two accidents have greatly shocked the world, and also prompted people to further study and explore the foothold, level and perfect way of nuclear safety, as well as the most effective way to implement and implement "safety first". In this context, the International Nuclear Safety Team of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) introduced the term "safety culture" for the first time in the summary report of the post-Chernobyl review meeting 1986. The emergence of nuclear safety culture has aroused widespread concern and interest. Because for a long time, the safety measures of nuclear power plants have consumed huge funds and energy, and many new methods have been adopted, it should be said that the reliability and safety of nuclear power plant systems have been greatly improved. However, accidents still occur from time to time, especially serious accidents such as Three Mile Island and Chernobyl. Human factors in a broad sense have become a major problem that has long plagued the safety of nuclear power plants. Safety culture seems to provide a way to solve this problem [1].
In 1988, INSAG further regards the concept of safety culture as a basic management principle in the Basic Principles of Nuclear Power Safety, and points out that to achieve the goal of safety, all power generation activities of nuclear power plants must be infiltrated. After the publication of the above two reports, the term safety culture has been used more and more in nuclear safety-related documents, but its meaning needs to be further clarified, and there is also a lack of guidance on how to evaluate safety culture, which has aroused heated discussions in the international community, including non-nuclear industry. In order to summarize these discussions and answer the questions raised by these discussions, INSAG published the book "Safety Culture" (INASG-4) in 199 1, which deeply discussed the concept of safety culture: its definition and characteristics, requirements for different levels and how to measure the degree of safety culture. At this point, it can be said that the nuclear safety culture was officially born.
The emergence of safety culture has greatly promoted the improvement of nuclear safety, so many experts believe that the current work of nuclear energy industry is largely driven by safety culture, and the establishment of safety culture has become a prerequisite for any country to use nuclear power [2].