Guards:

Guards, Turkish soldiers, cronies and minions of ancient Turkish sultans

or

lifeguard

Guard:

Close protection:

guard

Soviet Guards, a name full of glory and glory, a banner of eternal progress, an invincible hero group.

The praetorian guard generally refers to the elite division in the army, and the earliest concept of praetorian guard appeared in the slave society, mainly referring to the retinue of the commander in chief. /kloc-in the 0/2nd century, Italy named the elite troops dedicated to guarding the national flag as "Guards", which is also the earliest origin of this title. In other words, the "guards" in the traditional sense are actually the ancient guards and feather guards in China. They are followers and defense forces, not field troops. As a thing, guards also have their own evolution process. In modern times, guards are more of an honor. Strictly speaking, the Soviet Guards are not really "Guards", but they are worthy of the glorious title of Guards.

The Emergence and Development of Soviet Guards

During the Great Patriotic War, in order to boost morale, the Soviet Red Army began to award the title of "Guards" to those troops, ships, corps and legions with outstanding military achievements. This is really a genius move. The award of honor made the Soviet army's fighting spirit high, the team spirit more consolidated, and the combat effectiveness doubled, which made great contributions to the victory of the Great Patriotic War. 1941September 18, according to the decision of the high command, in recognition of the collective heroism, brave and tenacious fighting spirit and superb military skills of all personnel, the Soviet National Defense People's Committee issued Order No.308, renaming a group of regiments that stood at attention and made great contributions as:No. 100.

1 Guards Infantry Division (later adapted as 1 Guards Mechanized Army); Infantry Division l27 (Commander Colonel Akimenko) was renamed.

Second division of the Guards Infantry; 153 Infantry Division (Commander Major General Jagan) was renamed the 3rd Guards Infantry Division; 16 1 Infantry Division (Commander Colonel Moskvitin) was renamed the 4th Guards Infantry Division. These regiments fought to the death with the Germans in Minsk and Smolensk, and participated in the counter-assault held by the Western Front Army and the Reserve Army at the gates of Yelinia. For example, on June 26-28, 194 1, 100 infantry divisions hit the 35th and 25th armored divisions of the German infantry in the battle at the gates of Minsk, annihilated an infantry regiment, an armored regiment and a semi-motorized battalion, and destroyed more than tanks 100 vehicles, l3 armored vehicles and vehicles. All the soldiers of this division fought bravely and resolutely at the gates of YeLeanya. At the beginning of September, 194 1 Division launched an attack in the formation of the 24th Army assault group, which broke through the German defensive position north of Yelinia, cut off the Yelinia-Smolensk railway line and surrounded the German group there from the depth. The division's resolute and brave combat action is of great significance to crushing the Germans and recovering Yelinia.

The Soviet Guards grew rapidly in the blood and fire of the Great Patriotic War. /KOOC-0/94/KOOC-0/September 2/KOOC-0/day, Moscow Motorized Infantry Division/KOOC-0/day (Commander Colonel Lizyukov), September 26th, Infantry Division/KOOC-0/07 (Commander Colonel mironov), Division/KOOC-0/20th. 194 1 year1/month 18, 3 19 infantry divisions (commander Major General panfilov) were changed to the 8th Guards Infantry Division because of their bravery and tenacity in the defense of Moscow (Volokoramsk). 1941165438+1On October 26th, the 78th Infantry Division (Commander Major General Beloborodov) was changed to the 9th Infantry Division because of its victory in the battle against the Germans in Istrad under Moscow. Tankers became guards as the 4th brigade of tanks (Captain katukov) changed its name to TankNo. 1 brigade (194 1 year1month 1 1 day). The brigade made outstanding achievements in the defense of Moscow. At the beginning of 10, the brigade fought in the formation of Guards Infantry 1 Army, pushed in the direction of orel-Tula, and was attacked by German tanks in Mzensk. The brigade was widely ambushed, and within a few days, it contained many assaults by two German armored divisions, and destroyed l33 tanks in the battle.

Since then, the glorious title of Guards has expanded from a simple military division to various services and arms.

Cavalry has made great contributions in the war history of the Soviet Guards. 194 1 year 1 65438+1October 26th and 65438+February 25th, and the 2nd, 3rd, 3rd and 5th cavalry armies were renamed as Guards1,2nd and 3rd respectively.

The artillery approached the ground in Moscow and fought bravely with the Germans. The 440th, 47th1,555, and 274th artillery regiments and the 289th, 296th, 509th, and 760th anti-tank artillery regiments were also awarded the title of Guards Corps on June 8, 5438+0942+1for their bravery and high organizational discipline. The 280th Regiment of Anti-tank Artillery Corps (headed by Major Efremenko) is the first team of Guards Anti-tank Artillery Corps. 194 1, 16 in June, the regiment was attached to the 3 16 infantry division, and organized the invincible attack direction of the German tank group south of Volokoramsk.

Destroy the anti-tank area. In the battle of 194 1, 10, 37 German tanks were destroyed.

1942 65438+1On October 8th, the 36th Motorcycle Corps and 12 Signal Corps were changed into guard corps.

194165438+On February 6, 2008, the 29th regiment of the Red Flag Destroyer Aviation (headed by Major Yudakov) was the first guard aviation team. The pilots of the regiment shot down 47 enemy planes only two and a half months after the war broke out. On the same day, the guards were renamed as the 526th, 155, 129 regiments, dive bombing aviation 3 1 regiment, and assault aviation 2 15 regiment. Water Torpedo Aviation Corps 1 (participated in air strikes against Berlin for many times), Red Flag Baltic Fleet annihilated Aviation Corps 5, Red Flag Baltic Fleet annihilated Aviation Corps 13, and Red Flag North Fleet mixed aviation corps 72. In June1942+1October 18, they were all changed to the guards' regiment because of their excellent completion of various complicated combat tasks and their heroism. 1in April, 942, the ships awarded the title of Guards were: Red Caucasus Cruiser (Captain Gu Xing, Lieutenant Colonel), Destroyer Resolute (Captain Levchenko), Minesweeper Margi (Captain Mescherskij), Minesweeper T-205 (Captain Dinko, Krebs) and "Submarine M-17/kl. 1942 June 18, the cruiser "Red Cramer" (Navy Captain Zubcov) was changed into a escort cruiser.

The unique honor system of the joint guard force

In peacetime, the former Soviet Union did not award the titles of guards to various legions, corps, troops and ships. However, in order to maintain the fighting tradition, the original title of guards of various units, ships, corps and regiments can be delegated to other corps, corps, troops and ships when revoked. The praetorian guard is a glorious title, with a whole set of honor awarding system and carrier.

According to the resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, all the troops and corps that won the title of guards were awarded guards' flags. The Royal Guards Flag is made of red silk with gold tassels on the edge. The size is 145x 1 15cm. The center of the front is embroidered with the pattern of the guards' badge with a diameter of 60 cm, and the Russian "Destroy the German Invaders" (смерть? ? t？ The slogan "T захватчикам" is followed by the name of the army.

Weigh. The three sides of the flag are embroidered with Venus, sickle and axe. On the back of the national flag, in the center is Lenin's embroidered head, with a diameter of 48×46 cm, and above it is the military flag "For our Soviet motherland" (занашусоветсс). The military flags of other ranks of the Guards are basically the same as those of the Guards, except that the badge of the Guards in the center of the flag is not decorated with oak leaves and the size is reduced to 38x50.

According to the order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union1May 2, 9421day, the soldiers of the Soviet Army Guards and Corps were issued with "Guards" badges, and the Navy Guards were issued with badges made of rectangular metal sheets with black vertical stripes and orange corrugated ribbons. At the same time, it has the title of bodyguard. According to the June 1942 order of the Navy People's Committee, the naval guards' flag was formulated. On July 3 1942 and 3 1 day, the Regulations on the Guards of the Soviet Navy was promulgated and implemented. The guard badge should be worn on the right chest.

The guards played a great role in the Battle of Stalingrad. 1, 2, 3 The guards carried forward extraordinary heroism and brave and tenacious fighting spirit in the battle. The 24th, 69th, 2nd1,64th, 62nd, 30th and16th Army Groups were renamed as the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 65438th Guards, respectively, because they made great achievements for the motherland in the war against Germany and carried forward the spirit of collective heroism and superb military skills. According to the instructions of the High Command Base Camp1April, 943 16, the Japanese Army, Southwest Army, Western Army and Grassland Military Region in Voroney reorganized the Guards Infantry Regiment in their respective armies in order to make effective use of them as the most experienced and effective corps. There are also many tank units and mechanized units that have also won the title of Guards. 1943 During February and March, the first guards became aviation divisions: the 220th Division (commander Colonel Jason Wu); Attacking the 226th Division (Commander Borderie Sin), the 228th Division (Commander komarov) and the 243rd Division (Commander Suhoreb Rykov); Bombing aviation divisions 263rd (Commander Colonel Dobes) and 272nd (Commander Colonel Kuznetsov), and long-range aviation divisions 3rd (Commander Colonel Yukhanov),17th (Commander Major General Logginov Air Force), 24th (Commander Colonel volkov) and 222nd (Commander Titov). The Red Flag Air Defense Aviation Division 102 has shown superb combat skills in many air battles and has also been changed to the Guards Aviation Division.

1943 The first Guards Tank Army appeared: February 22nd-4th (first formed) and 5th Guards Tank Army, May 4th-3rd. They are examples of heroic fighting in the Battle of Kursk 1943. 1944 was changed into the Guards Tank Corps, including the 1st 1 Tank Corps (April 25th), 2nd Tank Corps (165438+1October 20th), 6th Tank Corps (September12nd) and 3rd Tank Corps. These tank group armies kept their titles until the end of the Great Patriotic War.

In many offensive campaigns from 1943 to 1945, the guards and regiments usually fought in the direction of decisive battle. The Guards Tank Corps used by the Soviet Supreme Command played an extremely important role in the rapid development of the enemy's defensive depth. In the instructions given to commanders of various armies on April 1943, the high command demanded that guards and legions should be used to break through the enemy's defensive positions in the main assault direction when attacking; Used for defense and resolute counter-assault.

Relevant treatment, rewards and punishments of Soviet Guards

On June 1943, 1 1, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union made the following supplementary provisions to the Guards Corps: The Guards Corps must be a model of the whole army ... If the Guards were completely annihilated in the war, lost their flags and fled in the battle, their commanders would be sent to a military court and deprived of the title of Guards.

In the offensive campaign of 1944- 1945, the guards' regiments and regiments marked their battle course with brilliant victories. Many units (ships), regiments and regiments of the Guards were invincible in the defending battles of Leningrad and Novgorod, in the major battles of recovering Ukraine, Crimea Peninsula, Belarus on the right bank, attacking East Prussia, Vistula-Oder River, Berlin and annihilating the Japanese Kwantung Army. They have been commended by the high command for many times, won government awards, and won honorary titles for conquering military towns. According to the regulations, all the troops who have won the title of "Guards" will receive a salary increase, with half the commanders and double the soldiers. By the end of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Guards had developed into a powerful force. 1On May 9, 945, the Soviet army won the title of Guards: 1 1 The combined army group of various arms and six tank army groups; 1 mechanized cavalry cluster; 40 infantry divisions, 7 cavalry divisions, 12 tank divisions, 9 mechanized divisions and 14 aviation divisions, 2 17 infantry divisions, 9 airborne divisions, 17 cavalry divisions, 6 artillery divisions, 53 aviation divisions, 6 anti-aircraft artillery divisions and 7 13 motorized infantry regiment, 3 airborne regiment, 66 tank regiment, 28 mechanized regiment, 3 self-propelled artillery regiment and 64 artillery regiment; 1 mortar brigade, 1/anti-tank gun brigade, 40 rocket launcher brigade, 6 engineer brigade,1railway corps brigade; 1 fortification area; 18 combat ship and many military (soldier) troops.