University life is drawing to a close, and everyone is doing their graduation project seriously. Before we do the graduation project, the tutor will ask to write the opening report first, so as to refer to the opening report you need! The following is the format of the opening report I compiled for you, and the writing method of the opening report of the paper. Welcome everyone to learn from and refer to. I hope it helps you.

Format and writing method of opening report.

Background of the research.

The so-called topic background mainly refers to why we should study this topic, so some topics simply call this part a question, meaning why we should ask this question, or why we should ask this topic. For example, the background part of a project I once directed means that in the wave of reform and opening up, as a corner of the Pearl River Delta, while the economy is developing rapidly, what is her cultural development, what achievements have been made, what impact has been made on residents, and what needs to be improved. Of course, there are many contents of background description, which can be social background or natural background. The key is what we have determined.

The content of the study.

The content of the subject research, as its name implies, is what our subject should study. For example, under the guidance of Mr. Huang Shu in our school, the research content is: focusing on the new eight scenic spots in Foshan, investigating the historical and cultural precipitation of Foshan yesterday, today and tomorrow, and combining with the economic development trend of Foshan, drawing up the feasibility report and development plan for developing cultural tourism with the new eight scenic spots and new weather.

The purpose and significance of the research.

The purpose of the study should be to describe what you want to achieve in this study or what you want to achieve. For example, the research topic "Re-taking the Long March Road" under the guidance of Teacher Ye of our school is described in the column of its research objectives:

1. By reappearing the course of the Long March and recalling the great achievements of the Red Army soldiers, we have a deeper understanding and feeling of the general situation of the Long March, what difficulties and obstacles we encountered on the way, and what the spirit of the Long March is.

2. Through the division of labor, cooperation, communication, presentation and explanation among the students in the group, cultivate the spirit of cooperation and participation and the ability of self-presentation.

3. Through this activity, students' information technology has been improved and their information literacy has been further improved.

The method of subject research.

In this part of the research methods, we should put forward ways or procedures to solve this problem. Generally speaking, the research methods of research-based learning are: field investigation (by organizing students to make field trips in places where they have studied, so as to draw conclusions), questionnaire survey (by setting some questions according to the situation of this topic and the content to be understood, and conducting surveys on relevant personnel in the form of questionnaires), interview with people (by directly interviewing relevant personnel to grasp first-hand information) and literature survey (by consulting various materials, charts, etc.). In the research of the subject, we should put forward relevant research methods according to the actual situation of our own subject, which are not necessarily comprehensive, as long as they are practical.

Steps of subject research.

The steps of subject research, of course, refer to what steps the subject has to go through to achieve the purpose of research. Therefore, this part should focus on our topic, which is about to be completed in several steps. Generally speaking, the basic steps of the subject research are nothing more than the following aspects: preparation stage, data access stage, field investigation stage, questionnaire investigation stage, interview stage, data analysis and arrangement stage, generalization and reflection stage of this subject, etc.

Project participants and division of labor.

This belongs to the management category of this study, but it can't be ignored. Due to poor management, students can't define their responsibilities, sometimes they are lazy or shirk their responsibilities, and sometimes they do repetitive work. Therefore, the organization and division of labor of project participants is very important. It is best to divide all the students involved in the research into several groups, and each group will elect a group leader through democratic elections, who will be responsible for the task allocation and implementation of the group. Then according to the situation of this topic, the related research tasks are divided into several parts, and one group is responsible for one part. Finally, the team leader will organize personnel to summarize and sort out.

Project budget.

A project needs some funds to start, so finally, it is necessary to roughly estimate how much money this project needs, such as how much money it needs to collect information, the cost of going out for field research, the cost of printing and distributing questionnaires, the space occupied by the research group, and the printing cost of some related materials, project reports and other materials. The so-called army has not moved, food and grass come first, and without enough funds to back it up, the research of the subject is bound to be difficult, stretched and even abandoned halfway. Therefore, the funds of this topic must be estimated at the beginning of the topic selection and planned in advance, so as to truly do the best research on this topic.

How to write an opening report

(1) Pay attention to the "hierarchy" when asking questions.

Choosing a topic is the first step in writing an academic paper. Whether the topic is appropriate or not is directly related to the quality of the paper, and even to the success or failure of the paper. Different from policy research reports, academic articles focus on the theoretical level and solve theoretical problems. Some students' topics are not novel and their contents are not innovative. They are just a summary of previous work, or a repetition of previous work. We should adhere to the principles of advanced, scientific, practical and feasible when selecting topics. When asking questions, use terms and clear logic that "experts" can understand. Subject sources include:

1, familiar with problems related to your actual work or scientific research;

2. A problem in my major is developing rapidly and needs comprehensive evaluation;

3. Choose a topic that reflects the new theory, technology or trend of this discipline from a large number of documents.

Don't choose too big a topic. The more specific it is, the easier it is to collect information and go deep from a certain side.

(2) aim at the mainstream literature and sort it out at any time.

Literature is the basis of writing a good academic paper. The more literature, the easier it is to write. When selecting documents, we should choose the core journals and classic works of this discipline, and pay attention to the representativeness, reliability and scientificity of the selected documents. When choosing documents, look at the recent period (nearly 3-5 years) first, then look at the long term, and read the materials extensively. If necessary, you should also find the original text quoted in relevant literature. When reading, pay attention to reading cards or reading notes.

When sorting out materials, we should pay attention to organizing documents according to problems. When writing a literature review, don't list all the materials you see, but extract them according to certain ideas. Only in this way can we write a good literature review and a good paper opening report, thus laying the foundation for writing a good paper.

(3) The research objective is concrete but not rigid.

Generally, the opening report of a thesis requires that the research goal of the thesis be clear, but the author thinks that the research goal should not be too rigid, because even if the conditions are certain, it is often difficult to accurately judge the level of the goal. The research itself involves the factors of seeking knowledge, and the conditions in each laboratory are different. The topic selection and research objectives of the paper reflect the value characteristics of the research work.

Specific steps

First, how to choose the question

Professor Lan Xue, my tutor, has been writing the opening report of doctoral thesis for more than a year, and repeatedly asked me a question: "What is your confusion?" How many times have I answered, "My question is, why can't China's semiconductor industry develop?" Mr. Xue's question is just a smile with his unique savings. I was annoyed and depressed: what's wrong with such a simple truth and such an obvious answer? !

The secret lies in the "level" of asking questions. Different from policy research reports, academic articles gather theoretical aspects to solve theoretical problems. A theory is a logical system composed of a series of premises and terms. Theories in specific fields have their specific concepts, categories and research paradigms. Only under the same concepts, perspectives and paradigms can theories talk; Only through dialogue can theory develop. Few master's and doctoral dissertations create new theories, which is of course the best, but it is difficult. Most of us have developed on the basis of existing theories, so when asking questions, we should use terms and clear logic that "experts" can understand. Look at my initial question, "Why can't China's semiconductor industry develop?" This is only an exploration of phenomena, not a theoretical proposition to be verified. My theoretical proposition is: "Is China's industrial policy process an elite-led knowledge process?" In this proposition, the three terms "policy process", "elite politics" and "pursuit of knowledge" outline the theoretical scope and perspective of the study.

Second, how to state the problem

In essence, stating the problem is the process of condensing the core idea. Views should come from thinking and summarizing practical problems, rather than "cutting feet and fitting shoes" in order to establish a theory. China's political, economic and social development is full of vitality and rich scenes. How can we express it in proper terms and accurate logic? Ambitious beginners often put forward grand concepts or frameworks, but my suggestion is to narrow the scope of research as much as possible and make clear the research object, so as to make clear the memory logic of the object and ensure the completion of standardized academic papers in a limited time. For example, "China semiconductor industry policy research" is a very vague statement, we can narrow the topic from several aspects:

(1) Time: from 1980 to 2000;

(2) Target: government rebels and decision-making behavior, not market, enterprise, governance structure, etc.

(3) Perspective: elite research in politics and government theory;

(4) Case: Project 908, Project 909, document 13 and electronic revitalization were two major projects and two important documents in the field of semiconductor policy during the period of 1980-2000. Through such a clear definition, we will focus on several obvious concepts such as "policy process", "elite" and "* * * knowledge", and the problem will come to the bottom. At the same time, the problem is clear, and we have clear standards when screening information and materials, which can greatly improve the research efficiency in this era of "information redundancy".

Third, how to make a literature review.

First of all, we need to distinguish between "literature review" and "background description". When we choose to study the problem, we need to know the background and context of the problem, such as "the development course of semiconductor industry in China" and "the policies and problems of foreign governments in developing semiconductor industry". These contents belong to "background description" and pay attention to practical problems. Strictly speaking, they are not "literature review". "Literature review" is the arrangement of academic viewpoints and theoretical methods. Secondly, literature review is critical (review is "comment"), so we should summarize and comment on the literature with the author's own critical thinking, not just "piling up" academic research in related fields. The main line of comments should be based on the question, that is, how do other scholars view and solve your questions, and whether their methods and theories are flawed? If other scholars have solved your problem perfectly, there is no need to repeat the research.

Generally can be divided into "three steps":

The first step is to define an "interest range", such as semiconductor industry, information industry, rural medical care, higher education system and so on. , and extensively browse relevant media reports, government documents and academic articles to find out the "crux" or "hot spot".

The second step is to summarize the theoretical perspectives and theoretical tools used by researchers in the past to analyze "crux" or "hot spot", such as public finance perspective and social conflict paradigm.

The third step is to investigate the feasibility of the problem, which is our own research space and feasibility. For example, can't western theories explain China's problems? Or can the same problem be explained by different theories? Or is the premise and logical deduction of the theory itself flawed? By answering these questions, we found the foothold of our own research. However, we should also pay attention to whether it is possible to complete our research within the specified time of one or two years. Is data acquisition feasible? Wait a minute.

Open the report topic

This is a new applied style with the enhancement of the planning of modern scientific activities and the need of programmed management of scientific research topics. The opening report is a statement made by the project undertaker to relevant experts, scholars and scientific and technological personnel. Then they will comment on the scientific research topics. You can also use "Delphi method" to score; Then the scientific research management department comprehensively evaluates the opinions and decides whether to approve the project. The opening report is one of the basic materials for the graduation thesis defense Committee to examine students' defense qualifications.

Opening report format

The basic content and order of the opening report: the purpose and significance of the paper; Overview of research at home and abroad; The main problems to be studied and solved in this paper; The main content (outline) of the proposed paper; Progress of paper plan; Others.

Content writing

The contents of the opening report generally include: topic selection, argument basis (the purpose and significance of graduation thesis topic selection, research status at home and abroad), research scheme (research objectives, research contents, research methods, research process, key problems and innovations to be solved), and condition analysis (equipment, cooperative units and division of labor, staffing).

1, the topic is a high-level summary of the central idea of graduation thesis, which requires:

(1) is accurate and standardized. It is necessary to accurately summarize the research problems, reflect the depth and breadth of the research, reflect the nature of the research, and reflect the basic requirements of experimental research-therapeutic factors, subjects and experimental results. Making sentences with words is scientific and regular.

2 concise. Use as few words as possible, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters.

2. The demonstration is based on the consideration of the opening report:

(1) The purpose and significance of the topic is to answer why research is needed and explain the value and background of the research. Generally speaking, we should first talk about practical needs-the practical significance of research comes from existing problems, and then talk about theoretical and academic value. It should be specific, objective and targeted, pay attention to the basis of data analysis, pay attention to the needs of the development of the times, regions or units, and avoid empty slogans.

② The research status at home and abroad, that is, literature review, should mainly refer to literature, which should be related to the research problem, but not too limited. If it has nothing to do with the problem, it is infinite; Too limited violates the principle of interdisciplinary and infiltration, which narrows the field of vision and stifles thinking. The so-called "synthesis" of review is synthesis, which synthesizes the research survey of a certain subject field in a certain period; "Narration" is not just narration, but comments and comments, that is, the author must have his own unique views. We should pay attention to analysis and research, be good at finding problems, and highlight the position, advantages and breakthrough points of the subject in current research; It is an obvious mistake to abandon prejudice and not quote opinions contrary to your tutor and yourself. The object of review, besides ideas, can also be materials and methods.

In addition, the main references cited in the literature review should be recorded, which can reflect the true basis of the author's argument on the one hand and respect the original author's creative work on the other.

3, the research plan opening report should consider:

(1) the process of research. The time and sequence of the whole research should be arranged in stages, and the starting and ending time of each stage, the corresponding research content and results should be clear, and there should be no interruption between stages to ensure the continuity of the research process.

② Key problems to be solved. The most important, fundamental and critical difficulties and problems that may be encountered should be accurately and scientifically estimated and judged, and practical solutions and measures should be taken.

Condition analysis highlights the advantages of material conditions such as instruments and equipment. Clear cooperation units and division of labor, reasonable division of labor, clear their respective work and responsibilities, and pay attention to the close cooperation of all personnel. Advocate the establishment of tutor group, and the selection of tutor group members should fully consider the actual needs and be based on the complementarity of knowledge structure.

How to write the title source of the opening report

Because the subject is what we want to solve, this problem is being discussed and studied, and there can be no final tone. Whether the name of a discipline is accurate or not directly affects the image and quality of the discipline. So how do you name the topic?

First, the title of the topic should be accurate.

Accuracy is the name of this subject. It is necessary to make it clear what the subject is and what the research object is.

For example, there is a topic called "Study on the Learning Ability and Development Ability of Vocational School Students", the research object is vocational school students, and the research problem is learning ability and development ability.

Sometimes it is necessary to write out the research methods, such as "Experimental Research on Teaching Methods of Vocational Education", in which the research object is vocational education, the research problem is teaching methods, and the main research method is experimental research, which is clearly written, so that others can know what this topic is studying at a glance. In short, the title of the subject must be consistent with the content of the study, and you should accurately summarize the objects and problems of your study.

Second, the names of disciplines should be standardized.

Standardization means that the use of words and sentence patterns should be standardized and scientific, and specious words, slogans and conclusion sentences should not be used.

Three, the title should be concise (generally no more than 20 words)

Once the name of the project is decided, the next step is to act. The first step is to make the opening report of the scientific research project.

How to write an opening report

The opening report is also called the project research plan, which mainly explains that this project needs to be studied, has the conditions to carry out research, and how to prepare it. It can also be said that it is the demonstration and design of the project.

What is the significance of writing an opening report?

Thinking and writing the opening report can help us clearly understand why we should do this topic. What exactly do you want to do? What do you want? How come? Can you achieve the expected goal? More importantly, the work plan can be the criterion for our future research work. "Words without words are not far away." With the opening report, it can be used as a temporary guide in the research work of the subject, which can help us avoid being at a loss. Or if you feel that there is deviation after studying for a period of time, it can also be used as an important basis for subject revision. Therefore, the opening report is very important for the smooth progress of a scientific research project.

A perfect project research scheme generally includes the following parts:

1, project name

2. The background of the project and the main problems to be solved.

3. Analyze the current situation and trend of the same research field at home and abroad, as well as the connection and difference between this topic and it.

4. The practical significance and theoretical value of the research.

5. Complete the feasibility analysis of the study.

6. Discipline definition and supporting theory

7. Research objective, content, process and method design.

8. Safeguard measures to complete the research task of this topic.

9. Expected research results

First, the background of the project and the main problems to be solved

The background of the subject mainly refers to the specific background of the times, and the questions answered are why the subject should be studied, and what is the basis and inspiration of the subject. Generally, it is discussed from the perspective of actual needs. For example, the new policies and regulations promulgated by the state and the Ministry of Education, the development of the times, the progress of society and the development of science and technology have put forward new requirements for education and teaching; Problems and gaps in current school education and subject teaching. The background of the project "Operational Research on Teaching Design under the New Curriculum Concept" mainly comes from two aspects: one is the call of the new curriculum concept, and the other is the "blind area" in the implementation of the new curriculum. Because there is a problem between the new curriculum concept and the teacher's classroom teaching design, there is this topic. The research of the subject is to build a three-dimensional bridge between new ideas and new designs.

Because there are problems in new requirements, new standards, new policies, new ideas and reality, the research of the subject comes from problems and is studied to solve them. Problems are the fulcrum of educational research. The main problems to be solved in research should be targeted and operable, which is the vitality of research. There is an inevitable and caring relationship between the important problems solved and the background put forward, which cannot be detached or overhead.

Second, the history and present situation of this topic at home and abroad, and explain the connection and difference between this topic and it.

To explain this part, we must adopt the method of literature research, and understand the history, present situation and trend of similar or limited research at home and abroad through consulting materials and retrieval.

Historical background: in chronological order, briefly describe the ins and outs of this topic, focusing on whether this topic has been studied by predecessors. What aspects have you studied? What achievements have you made? Are the views expressed by these research results consistent? If there are differences, what are their differences? What are the disadvantages? Through historical comparison, the research level of each stage is explained.

Comment on the status quo, focus on the research status of this topic at home and abroad, focus on the current debate focus of this topic, compare the similarities and differences of various viewpoints, explain the connection and difference between this topic and it, and strive to show the personality and characteristics of its own research. The content of this part should be refined to reflect its own research value.

Content of development direction: Through vertical (vertical) and horizontal (vertical) comparison, affirm the research level of this topic at home and abroad, point out the existing problems, put forward the possible development trend, indicate the research direction and propose possible solutions.

Third, the practical significance and theoretical value of the research.

The practical significance points to the operational level, that is, what can be done to promote the sustainable development of schools, teachers and students through subject research, and what benefits can be gained in specific education and teaching practice. Its elaboration is to outline the actual effects that may or will be produced through research through hypothetical relations.

Primary and secondary education research is more oriented to applied research and development research, and the academic research value in theory may be relatively scarce, but it is undeniable that through research, a related theory may be refined and supplemented, a theory may be elaborated and enriched in detail, and a practical theory with new connotations may be produced. This part of the content is written, otherwise it is free.

Fourth, complete the feasibility analysis of the project.

Feasibility, that is, the feasibility of the research topic, refers to whether the conditions required for the research of the topic are available, such as data, experimental equipment, research funds, students' knowledge and skills, and researchers' academic qualifications, learning ability, research ability and research experience. It is based on advanced concepts, scientific design and solid foundation. In short, we need to explain the research of this subject from several aspects, and we have the strength, ability and potential to complete it.

Definition and supporting theory of verb (abbreviation of verb)

Definition is definition, and topic definition is the interpretation of the topic and the explanation of the core concept of the topic. Through induction and deduction, citing education theory, integrating literature knowledge, defining concepts and their connotations and extensions in the form of subsection or title statement, respectively extracting and summarizing the essential attributes of research objects, categories and methods in the discipline, and finally forming the scientific definition of the whole research topic name.

For example, in the topic "Research on Strategies for Cultivating Students' Innovative Spirit and Practical Ability", the topic is defined as:

The research of this topic is to actively explore and study the ways, methods, means and school environment to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability by using the theories and knowledge of psychology, pedagogy and sociology, so as to provide practical models for vocational schools to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability.

Innovative spirit refers to people's comprehensive, positive and stable creative psychological quality. It is the spirit of seeking innovation actively when people know and transform the world, and it is the hidden driving force to drive explicit innovation behavior. Everyone's innovative activities are based on innovative spirit. Without the spirit of innovation, there will be no people's innovative activities. Therefore, the innovative spirit of human beings is the fundamental driving force and soul of innovative activities.

Practical ability refers to people's ability to use theoretical knowledge, operate, analyze and solve problems.

Support theory is also the theoretical basis of this study. Theory supports action, and scientific theory is the guarantee of scientific research. For example, to carry out experimental research on activity classes, we must take curriculum theory, learning psychology theory and educational psychology theory as the theoretical basis of research experiments; To carry out the experimental research of educational model innovation, we must take the teaching theory and educational experiment theory as the theoretical basis.

VI. Research objectives

The goal of research is the specific goal to be achieved ultimately, and the specific problem to be solved is the predetermined goal of research: compared with the goal, the research goal is decomposed and more specific. Only when the goal is clear and specific can we know what the specific work direction is and what the research focus is, and our thinking will not be disturbed by various factors.

Seven, the content of the study

The research content is the main body of the research plan and the foothold of the research goal. The research content should conform to the subject and care objectives, and specifically answer what problems to study and what aspects of the problems. We should try our best to find out the connotation and extension of the discipline and choose the research content closely around the definition of the discipline. It requires that the research content put forward by the topic be further refined into several small problems, and sub-topics can also be set up under the framework of the topic.

Eight, research methods

The research method is the procedure, way, means or operation law to complete a research task and achieve a research goal, which is embodied in "how to do it". The research method obeys the purpose of the research and is also restricted by the nature and characteristics of the specific research object. In the specific scheme design, we should choose different methods according to the different research contents in different periods, and state as much as possible how to use this method and what to do with it. The commonly used research methods are: observation, experiment, investigation, literature, experience summary, case analysis, action research, comparison, sparrow dissection and so on. To study the present situation of students' practical ability, we must be inseparable from the investigation method; To study the educational countermeasures of students from poor families, case method can be used. This part is the main part of the project design, whether the project research is valuable or not, and how the objectives and tasks are studied and implemented, which should give people an unobstructed view.

Nine, the process of research

The research process is the step of research, that is, the arrangement of research in time and order. Generally, it can be divided into three stages: pre-preparation stage, mid-implementation stage and post-summary stage. Each stage has obvious time setting, from when to start and when to end, there must be regulations, detailed research content arrangement and specific objectives implementation, so as to ensure that the research process is interlocking, orderly and step by step.

X. Safeguard measures for subject research

Safeguard measures generally refer to organizational guarantee: set up research groups, improve research institutions, and implement research tasks, time and personnel; System guarantee: formulate project management regulations, standardize learning and research systems, and use incentive mechanism as a lever to activate teachers' research enthusiasm; Funding guarantee: set up special funds for research projects to ensure the sources of funds for purchasing relevant books and necessary equipment and going out to study and carry out activities; Technical support: hire experts as consultants, send key personnel out for training, organize study tours, etc. Coordination between project research and school work: make teaching and scientific research teaching, and make school education and research develop synchronously and improve together.

XI. Forms of research results

What this topic studies is what form of stage research results and final research results should be obtained. There are many forms, such as investigation report, experimental report, research report, paper, experience summary, survey scale, test scale, microcomputer software, teaching design, video tape and so on. Among them, investigation reports, research reports and papers are the most important manifestations of research results. The content and form of research results are different with different topics, but no matter what form, the research of the topic must have results, otherwise, the research of the topic will lose its research significance.

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