Meiji Restoration destroyed the old feudal order and opened a new era, which had a far-reaching impact on Japanese history and world history. The protagonist of the reform is not the four princes, but the vast number of middle and lower class warriors and civilians. Below, according to the governors to introduce the situation of this era.
Changzhou (Maori) Francisco
Changzhou is a deep charge, and the founding of the country respects the king. The suzerain Maori respected his relatives, led a powerful retainer group, twice resisted the encirclement and suppression of suzerain convened by the shogunate, and became the main force of the rebel army in the subsequent Chen Wu War.
Nobuzo Takayama, Sturm and Delang (1839 ~ 1867)
The first time I met Gaoshan was in the comic book The Story of Western Medicine written by Ichiro. At that time, I only knew that he was a reformer, founded Raiders and died of lung disease at the age of 27. Only after reading relevant historical records did I understand his amazing charm.
There were three outstanding figures in the Meiji Restoration (Fujito Longji, Kubo Junyi and Saigō Takamori), but there were three more famous figures in the same period, namely Takasugi Nobuzuo of Changzhou, Ryoma Sakamoto of Tosa and Katsumi Katsuya.
Takayama Shinsuke, formerly known as River Street, also known as Feng Chun, sailed eastward. The princes were also named Dongyi (the first person in Dong Bang) and Guxideng (Hidden Dragon in Deep Valley). His family background is an important minister of Changzhou genealogy. He studied under the great thinker Yoshida Shōin, and was called "Panasonic's Three Legs" with Hisaka Xuanrui and Jiang Jiuru.
1862, Gao Shan sailed to China, witnessing the status quo that Manchu was oppressed by foreign powers and reduced to a semi-colony, which inspired its sense of crisis. After returning home, he led the anti-curtain movement in San Francisco. He put forward the strategy of "great separatist regime" and organized a "surprise attack army" with civilians and farmers as the main body, which was highly respected by Maori.
1864, the British, French, Dutch and American fleets attacked Shimonoseki, Changzhou, and the Changjun army was defeated. Soon after, the shogunate launched the first conscription war. Changzhou conservative forces took the opportunity to seize the government of the buffer region and surrendered to the shogunate to apologize. 65438+February 65438+May 5, the Gaoshan people's uprising of 80 people in Maguan Gongshan Temple swept the whole of Changzhou in just three months and regained power.
1866, the shogunate launched the second protracted war, and dispatched more than 20150,000 troops to March along the four roads of Oshima Kou, Yizhou Kou, Shizhou Kou and Kyushu Kou, so it was also called the "quadrilateral war". Gao Shan was the governor of Changzhou Navy and the staff officer of Kyushu Port, and won a great victory. In June 5438+the following year 10, the commander's main force, Kokura Fan, was forced to surrender. In April, Gaoshan died of tuberculosis.
Gaoshan is the most earth-shattering hero in the reform era, and his contemporaries call him "unparalleled". KOEI's masterpiece "The Orchid of Reform" sets him as the first in strength 162, academic ability 128, charm16, and advancement. It is no exaggeration. Gaoshan once visited China and lived in Shanghai. He has always had strong friendly feelings towards China, which is what distinguishes him from other people with lofty ideals.
But interestingly, although Gaoshan advocates "equality among the four people" and absorbs farmers to join the ranks of raiders, he is often a superior soldier. Before he died, he called himself "the Governor of Indiana Jones", led his entourage, took the geisha and umbrella from Changyu, walked leisurely and drunkenly in the streets of Maguan, and told his wife Masako to "remember the identity difference between a samurai's wife and a citizen's wife". After his death, Masako refused to accept the support of Takayama's old friends Ito Bowen and Yamagata Aritomo. He said, "A samurai's wife, no matter how poor, can't live on the support of the younger generation.
Muhu Longji (1833 ~ 1877)
Formerly known as Kwai Kogoro (father's surname is Hotan, and later adopted to Kwai family), it was renamed Woody Kaner and Songju to avoid the persecution of the shogunate.
Gui, one of the three outstanding figures in the Reform Movement of 1898, was also a member of the school. He studied swordsmanship at Sanjiulang Dojo in Saito, Edo, with excellent results. The following year, he became the headmaster of the school. 1858 was appointed as the proofreader of Edo Changzhou Fan.
In order to crack down on King Zun's anti-foreign faction, shogunate prison was established in 1858, and Yoshida Shōin, Zuonei Hashimoto and Three Lai Saburo were all executed. Stimulated by this incident, Gui became mature. Since then, he has traveled between Edo, Kyoto and Yucheng, contacting his comrades and preparing for the uprising.
1In June, 864, Gui joined the princes of Changzhou, Tosa and Kumamoto in Ikeda House, a hotel in Kawahara-CHO, Nijo Castle, Kyoto Prefecture, and was attacked by a new writing group, causing many casualties. Gui Hongyun took the lead, not only escaped because she was late, but also met her confidante, Song Ji, a second-generation geisha, when she was trying to avoid being hunted everywhere. This is the pine nuts of Song Ji, the later Mrs. Muhu Longji.
When Chen Wu War broke out, Xixiang fought in the front, while Guangxi and Okubo ruled in the rear. After the victory of the Reform, Gui and Okubo also participated in the inspection activities of Iwakura envoys in Europe and America. Although the contradiction intensified, Saigō Takamori, eager to expand overseas, was defeated at 1877.
Later, Okubo dictatorship was established, and Guangxi was excluded, and it was once angrily out. 1877 Shortly after the outbreak of the Southwest War, he died in Kyoto at the age of 45.
Strangely, all the values in Guangxi's reformed local area network are very ordinary, especially the low ideological advancement, which is really puzzling.
First Prime Minister Hirofumi Ito (184 1 ~ 1909)
Formerly known as Junjie, 187 1 was a loyal follower of Guangxi before visiting Europe and America with Iwakura's envoy in, and later became increasingly close to Kubo Junyi.
Ito's first appearance was after Takagi Shinzo's Indiana Jones team was established. He also organized the Lux team and participated in the Gongshan Temple Uprising in 1864. After the victory of reform, he held an important position in the government for a long time. 1877, Gui died of illness; 1878, Okubo was assassinated; 188 1 year, Tan Zhongxin resigned, and he actually lived in the government center. From 65438 to 0885, he served as the first prime minister of the cabinet.
Ito is an old imperialist who actively advocates invading Korea and China. 19091On October 26th, he went to Harbin with Russian emissaries to annex North Korea, and was shot dead by North Korean patriot An Zhonggen, which was really gratifying.
Noue Kaoru (1835 ~ 19 15)
Changzhou was born as a young warrior, a fallen warrior. He once defended Yizhoukou in the four-way war, not only defeated the enemy, but also forced Yizhou to make peace through counterattack. After the reform, he held many important positions. Before the reform, he actively promoted bourgeois reform with Jing Daole and others. As a result, conservative Saigō Takamori and Jiang Teng Xinping called him a "vulgar official"-of course, Inoue also called Xixiang a "fool".
Inoue once abandoned his official position and went to sea, which helped lay the foundation of Mitsui Consortium. 1876 signed the unequal Jianghua Treaty with North Korea on behalf of Japan. 1907 was awarded to Marquis.
A military prodigy, Yoshijiro Omura (1824 ~ 1869)
Lin Tian, formerly known as Yong Min, is a doctor in Changzhou. He studied western medicine and Dutch from Kouan Ogata in Osaka, and later became a professor at the Shogun Martial Arts Institute, translating western art books.
When Guixiaogoro came into contact with him, he felt that this taciturn and strange guy (who looks like a catfish) seemed to be full of knowledge. When he found out that he was originally the Francisco, he tried his best to get him back to his own state and teach military science in the Minglun Hall of the Francisco school.
During the Four Kingdoms War, Omura kept Zhou Shi's mouth and wore robes and clogs. If the command is decided, invade Hamada Francisco and win a great victory. 1868, after the new government invaded Edo, Amano Shiro and others organized the Qiu Ji team in Ueno to fight against the Crusaders, and Saigō Takamori and others repeatedly fought and lost. As a result, Omura ended the battle in one day with an absolutely inferior force, Amano was captured, and Qiu Ji was scattered, which surprised all Japan.
Omura can't talk at ordinary times, but only works hard. During the Ueno War, Zhang Yi's team was huge, so Omura planned to put the Samoyed soldiers with the strongest fighting capacity of the government forces in the most dangerous position. When Saigō Takamori saw this plan, he was surprised and asked Omura, "Do you want to destroy all the sand soldiers?" Omura thought for a long time and answered honestly: "Of course". Xixiang has nothing to say.
After the reform, Omura served as an assistant to the Ministry of War of the new government. Because he wanted to change the general system into a foreign style, he was attacked by foreign factions and was finally assassinated. Sadly, he was not stabbed to death at that time, but died a month after the wound was infected.
Marshal Yamagata Aritomo (1838 ~ 1922)
No. Su Kuang, also known as Yacheng, Chunshan Villa Master, Neighborless Master, Small Master, and An Zhu (the guy who is addicted to names), are collectively called Kuangjie. When he was young, he joined the Indiana Jones team as the military director. Shortly after the Gongshan Temple Uprising, he organized a team to go to Gaoshan, and later participated in the Four Kingdoms War and Chen Wu War, making outstanding contributions.
In Nobuhiro Watsuki's "Grand Theft Auto Sword Heart-Romantic Talk about Meiji Swordsman", Shan Xian once appeared, so you still have an impression. At that time, he was a lieutenant general, but 1899 was promoted to marshal. In addition, he also formed a cabinet twice in 1889 and 1898.
Changzhou, where talented people come forth in large numbers.
Of course, Yoshida Shōin (1830 ~ 1859) is the ancestor of Changzhou's thought of respecting foreigners. Under his door, besides Takagi, Gui and Ito, there are also Jiuyi (1837 ~ 1864) and Jiuxiang, who are equally famous with Takagi.
The reason why Song Yin can openly advocate the idea of respecting Wang Si has a lot to do with Zhou Buzheng's help (1823 ~ 1864). In addition, Yael Gai Na's navigation strategy (18 19 ~ 1863) laid the foundation for the ideological transformation of the reformists from being busy with westernization to founding the country.
The leader of Changzhou's political reform who didn't leave Songyinmen was Fang Ze Marco (1833 ~ 187 1), who once went to Beijing to accept the imperial edict of the shogunate with Jiu Baomin. However, he was finally assassinated like Okubo.
In addition, there was a guy named Nogi Maresuke in Changzhou (1849 ~ 19 12), who joined the army only after the political reform, participated in the Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and later served as the governor of Taiwan, fighting against the Russians in Lushun (really an enemy of our country). But he became famous because when Emperor Meiji died, Naimu and his wife committed suicide for martyrdom, so he was honored by Japanese militarists as "the God of the Army", which was on a par with Kusunoki Masashige in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the short story General, Ryunosuke Akutagawa scolded him to death.
Samoan
Savannah's role in the reform is second only to Changzhou, but his authority in the new government is above Changzhou. Jin Bin, the Lord of San Francisco, is a great careerist, so the strength of Sa Army is the strongest.
Saigō Takamori (1827 ~ 1877)
After the reform, the nicknames Kichibee, Kichinosuke and Longsheng were changed to Zhou Nan. On one occasion, together with the monk Yue Zhao, he advocated respecting the king and resisting foreign aggression, which was unacceptable to the vassals, so he agreed to commit suicide by drowning. The moon sank, but Xixiang was lucky to be saved.
Peace is often a feud. Thanks to the contact between Nakaoka Nobutaro and Sakamoto Ryoma, Xixiang and Guixiaogoro finally met and agreed on the joint curtain call of the two governors. He was the military commander in chief during Chen Wu War. After the victory, he resigned and returned to Satsuma because he opposed Okubo on the issue of recruiting Korea (Xixiang advocated using the Korean War to transfer domestic contradictions).
Xixiang recruited disciples in Samo (Kagoshima County), opened a military school and maintained public order, and actually established an independent kingdom that was not controlled by the central government. 1877, supported by unjust gentry, launched the Southwest War. He soon failed and committed suicide by cutting his abdomen.
But the Japanese have a very good impression of Xixiang (second only to Malone), calling it a "civilian hero" and deducing various legends-why? God knows.
Saigou Jyuudou, his younger brother, was promoted to marshal on 1898 without joining the cremation rebellion with his elder brother.
Dictator Toshiichi Kubo (1830 ~ 1878)
Fame and fortune, commonly known as Zhu Zheng, later known as Yizang, number Jiadong. One of the three outstanding figures of the Reform Movement, an important minister of Savannah. At first, the policy of combining the public and the army was implemented (controlling the imperial court and the shogunate, and separating the powers between the emperor and the general), but later, due to the change of the situation, it was changed to the begging school.
He has a close personal relationship with Xixiang. During the Chen Wu War, Xixiang was in charge of the army, and Okubo was in charge of the people, and the cooperation was very tacit. However, by participating in Iwakura's envoy's visit to Europe and America, Okubo gradually agreed with Gui Xiaowu's thought of putting internal governance first and opposed Xixiang's "theory of recruiting Korea". Xixiang was forced to resign and return to China, and Okubo, as the Minister of the Interior, mastered the real power of the Meiji government. Since then, the feud between them has deepened.
At that time, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in addition to administration, also included public security, industry and commerce, and some financial and judicial powers. Okubo has also established a complete dictatorship system, with Liben Chongji (Finance Minister) and Ito Bowen (Industry Minister) as its right-hand men.
Okubo in the Gospel of Kyle is calm and wise. He cares about his country and people-indeed, his rule has greatly promoted the rapid prosperity of Japan.
One year after the Southwest War (1878), Okubo was stabbed on the way.
Kagoshima Bao
At the end of the Warring States period, the Shimadzu family dominated Kyushu with its powerful retainer group. More than 200 years later, under the command of Shimadzu Jiuguang (the younger brother of Shimadzu Qibin and the father of the second generation of Jin Zhong), he was also a talented person and became the strongest vassal in Southwest China and the main force of the shogunate.
In addition to Xixiang, Shimadzu's Daoshi School also has Komatsu with sword (1835 ~ 1870) from the Chengzhong Formation of Kubao Junyi. Other talents include Ma Xinqi (1825 ~ 1862), Zheng Zhi Ichiji (1828 ~ 1886) who is good at the art of war, and Tadao Terajima (65438+) ~1886 who participated in the Sino-Japanese War.
There are two other characters worth writing about. One is (1840 ~ 1900), who once served as the conquest staff of the Expo Hall and captured the five-pointed star Guo of Wuyuan Wuyang base. But after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he pleaded for Benben everywhere and finally let him be released. 1888, Kuroda also formed a cabinet to become prime minister.
There is also the famous chaebol Youhou in Kansai (1835 ~ 1885). Different from other industrialists, he is not a businessman's family, but an outstanding talent who has changed from a scholar to a businessman.
Tosa (Yamauchi)
Toyoji Yamauchi, the leader of governors, is a strong advocate of deliberative power (ministers are in charge of state affairs collectively), so the theory of governors from top to bottom is also influenced by him-even the famous "Eight Strategies in a Boat" of Dragon Horse has a strong deliberative color.
Flying Dragon-Sakamoto Ryoma (1835 ~ 1867)
Friends who are familiar with the history of the Warring States must remember that the center of Akechi Mitsuhide's fief is Sakamoto City-Malone's Sakamoto surname, its birthplace. Guangxiu's son-in-law, Yingming Xiuman (Miunosuke). Legend has it that he did not die in the battle of Yamazaki, but fled to Nagaoka Prefecture in Tosa, where he opened a "food valley house" in izakaya. From the fourth generation to the eighth generation, he was qualified as a rural scholar. Eight Lang Wei Bing's name is Naichi, and he is the grandfather of Ryoma Sakamoto (real name Naoyu). Therefore, Malone is different from most other reformers. First of all, he is humble, just a countryman, and then he is rich (Cai Guwu is a big businessman in Tosa). His swordsmanship comes from Chiba Dojo, and I learned from Beichen that he has a knife flow-that is, the origin of Beichen's spike sword shooting ("Japanese Merchants" Dragon and Horse? )。
The story happened before and after Malone set off for Edo in the East, and the assassin won the ship. Malone once said to a close friend, "I like Gotha, which is more flexible and practical than Taidao." My friend was deeply impressed by this. He never wanted to see the dragon horse again, but he took out a pistol: "This is worse than Kodach."
Sheng Haizhou is the pioneer of the theory of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and Long Ma, who holds anti-foreign thoughts, regards him as a traitor who will be assassinated and killed. However, Malone finally realized that it was impossible to resist the great powers without founding the country, developing the economy and strengthening the national strength. Friends bid farewell to the dragon horse, and the dragon horse turned out a book on the founding of the country: "pistols can only kill the enemy, and this book can revitalize Japan!" " "
After Malone became a disciple of Sheng Haizhou, he formed his own unique political theory. 1864 founded the trading company "Shezhong" in Kameyama, Nagasaki, also known as "Kameyama Shezhong", and later became known as "the Sea Aid Team". The "Sea Aid Team" is not only a commercial organization, but also the general liaison station and intelligence station of the respected Wang Zhishi. Using the "sea aid team", Malone invested a lot of money in the movement of respecting the king and ran around repeatedly, which finally contributed to the alliance between the two princes.
1867, Malone and Goto Kojiro jointly completed "Eight Strategies in the Boat", arguing that the general should return to the major policy and change the state system into a constitutional monarchy. In the future, many clauses in "Eight Strategies and One Boat" were moved intact into the constitution and various laws and regulations of the new Meiji government.
Malone's short life exhausted his efforts to revitalize Japan, so he said, "I believe that the long night in Japan will finally usher in dawn." But he didn't see the dawn. 1867 1l month 15, he was suddenly attacked by an assassin who claimed to be a scholar of Yamato Ishikawa. Malone was stabbed in the eyebrow and died immediately. At the same time, there is Nobutaro Nakaoka, the captain of the Land Aid Team. The assassin is said to be the predecessor of the "new writing group"-Saburo Sasaki, one of the leaders of the ronin team-but looking closely at the situation at that time, many people had the motive to kill the dragon and horse. Who killed him may always be a mystery.
Dragon Horse can be said to be the luckiest person in Japanese history, because after his death, his name spread all over the world, even overseas, and he was deeply loved by all walks of life-the general public thought he was a civilian hero who saved Japan; Bourgeois considered himself the ancestor of modern Japanese commerce; Democrats consider him a pioneer of democracy; Conservatives believe that he is a loyal minister who respects the emperor; The militarists thought he was the patron saint of the imperial navy. Therefore, Malone's reputation is far above the "Three Reformers", even above the mountains and Katsumoto, which can't be said to be different.
Nobutaro Nakaoka, Dragon Horse's Allie from Birth to Death (1838 ~ 1867)
"Sea aid" and "land aid" are both external and internal. Although Nobutaro's inspiration for establishing the "land aid team" came from the "community center", Long's adaptation of the "community center" into the "maritime aid team" actually imitated the "land aid team". In contrast, the "sea aid team" is more like a business group, the dragon horse is more like a debater, and the "land aid team" is more like an army. Nobutaro is undoubtedly a soldier. Although the statement that "Dragon Horse's main purpose is to make money, and Shen Dalang's main purpose is to reform" is simply nonsense, Nobutaro Nakaoka's role in the Meiji Restoration is indeed no less than Dragon Horse's. At the age of 23, Nobutaro joined the Tosa Wangqin Party led by Takeshi Ruishan. 1865, he launched the Salchan Alliance Movement, which was a complete success with the help of Malone. In the same year, he completed the famous work "On the Current Situation" and advocated that the center of reform is the word "war". 1In July, 867, the Land Aid Team was established. In the same year 10, 165438+ visited Malone in Kyoto and died in the palace. At the age of 30, he was three years younger than Malone.
A Rare Assassin-Gang Taisa (1838 ~ 1865)
Yizang was born in the lowest family of Tusuo Francisco, and he was determined to be a great swordsman like Musashi Miyamoto at an early age. But with his identity, it is difficult to enter the first-class Dojo to study. He had to hide outside the Dojo to steal lessons, thus forming a unique style of assassination fencing.
The Dojo in Ruishan, Wushi City was opened in the superior villager and leader of the Tosa Wangqin Party. Izang finally got a formal opportunity to learn from the teacher and was appreciated by Ruishan for his amazing talent. 1856, Ruishan went to Edo to study and practice, and Tibet was also allowed to accompany him. In Tao Jing Dojo, one of the three major Dojo in Edo, I devoted myself to studying Tibet and got a true story of mind flowing in the mirror. After that, he accompanied Ruishan, traveled and practiced in Fangchang and Kyushu, and the swordsman became famous all over the world.
In the process of learning fencing with Ruishan, Yizang gradually accepted the concept of respecting Wang Si. After the study tour, he entered Kyoto and began to attack and slay Zuo Muzong, that is, the so-called "the devil takes the hindmost", so he was called "the executioner hides" (people cut the ground to hide). Not only did he assassinate officials and ronin, but nearly 20 people were recorded. Moreover, on February 23rd, 1863, he laid down the wooden owls of three generations of General Zuchuan at Tojo Hideki Temple in Kyoto, and basked them in four rivers as a threat to the current regime.
1865, Izzo was arrested in Kyoto and later extradited to tosa. After cruel torture, he was executed, and his head was displayed in Yenchekhyuan at the age of 28. Although Banyuan is dead, freedom will not die-Banyuan retired (1837- 19 19)
Toyoji Yamauchi's etiquette, proficient in western art of war, became one of the leaders of Tosa Wangqin Party. During the Wuzhen War, he served as the staff of the Governor's Office and attacked Huijin City, the center of Aoyu Yuemeng, and won a great victory. In the early years of Meiji, he served as a member of the government. 1873, he resigned together with Saigō Takamori because he put forward the theory of recruiting the DPRK. The following year, he organized a patriotic public party, proposed the establishment of an elected parliament, set off a movement for freedom and civil rights, led the establishment of organizations such as the determination society and the patriotic society, and promoted the development of the congressional petition movement.
188 1 year, Ban Yuan founded the Liberal Party and was elected Prime Minister. Rulers such as Liben Chongxin and Ito Bowen were very headache for him, so in 1882, the government sponsored him to go to European countries. 1883 After returning to China, Ban Yuan dissolved the Liberal Party and broke away from the civil rights movement. 1896 served as Minister of the Interior, 1898 formed a cabinet with Dakui Zhongxin * *, commonly known as "Weiban Cabinet", and later served as Minister of the Interior.
During the freedom and civil rights movement, Banyuan was assassinated and seriously injured. At that time. He said that famous saying: "Although the half garden is dead, freedom will not die."
Powerful vassals of the four countries, heroes of Tosa
In terms of ideological progress, Tosa is not as good as Changzhou, and in promoting reform, Tosa is not as good as Satsuma; However, from Malone to Banyuan, from "one boat and eight strategies" to the freedom and civil rights movement, the local clan also has its own unusual brilliance.
The progress of Tosa's suzerain theory began in Toyo Yoshida (18 16 ~ 1862). Toyo presided over the vassal government for a long time, relying on the semi-original retreat, and Goto Kojiro (1838 ~ 1897) was the right-hand man. After the radical Tosa Wangqin Party was founded, it sent people to assassinate Toyo Yoshida, and Ruishanwu (1829 ~ 1865) took power on his behalf.
In the meantime, Longma organized a rescue team, most of which were Tosa people. The main cadres are Kenji Nagaoka (1834 ~ 1872, the descendants of Ryoma are in charge of the rescue team), Lu Aozong-guang (described in another article by Ji Yifan) and Kojiro Kondo (1840 ~ 65438), nicknamed "Jiro Wanju" and Shinomiya.
1865, Ruishan in Urumqi was imprisoned and died, and Goto regained the vassal government from Jiro. After the Meiji Restoration, although the four powerful ministers were in power, most of the heroes of local governors were excluded from the scene. Goto and Sakahara formed the Liberal Party. The former vice chairman of the Liberal Party was Nobuyuki Nakajima (1846 ~ 1869), who was born in Tosa and once joined the Marine Corps.
There are two other things that must be mentioned. First, Torataro (Torataro, 1837 ~ 1863) in Jicun village was the first to break away from the vassal state and organize the "Tenchu Group". Second, Iwasaki Yataro (1834 ~ 1885), a cadre of the Maritime Aid Corps who led the maritime transportation in Meiji era, once combined his third-order Jia Linghui with the three-leaf Bai Jiahui in the mountains to create a world-famous symbol of the trading company-Mitsubishi.
Fat Queen (Saga Kojima)
The vassal has been idle for Kudao and direct to Kudao. Compared with the top three governors, Saga is close to making up the number, and the peak of talents is far less than that of Mito and Kumamoto. It is worth mentioning that there are only three people.
First, Ooki Takatou (1832 ~ 1899), who first proposed to move the capital to Edo (Tokyo) and Gao Xin (1838 ~ 1922), who organized the cabinet of the earliest Japanese political party. There is also Jiang Teng Xinping (1834 ~ 1874), who advocates the combination of the public and the princes, and the combination of the public and the military. In the process of reform, he made great contributions to the struggle with Zhang Yi's team. The late Lord Han He went to war at the same time, but Xixiang first launched a rebellion in Saga and was defeated and killed.
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The curtain minister in the changing situation
Tian Ling (the territory directly under the jurisdiction of the Tokugawa shogunate) occupies more than one third of all Japanese land, and its outstanding talents have multiplied under the curtain. It is impossible to shake it if time is not pressing.
Sheng Haizhou (1823 ~ 1899)
Yibang, a former scenic spot, later called Rintaro, was born in a poor family. He studied hard and learned from the west (knowledge introduced from Holland, later called western learning). After Matthew Calbraith perry knocked on the Japanese door, he put forward suggestions for coastal defense to the shogunate, and was gradually reused.
Sheng has been a teacher supervisor in the Naval Training Center for a long time, a professor in the Naval Training Center, and once set sail for the United States. When he started the Naval Training Academy in Kobe, Ryoma and Yoshimura Torataro came to assassinate him, but they were both persuaded and became faithful followers of Katsumoto.
In the shogunate's war to conquer Changzhou, Katsumoto held peace talks as a special envoy. During the reform, he worked hard to complete the bloodless opening of Edo.
After the political reform, Sheng was renamed Anfang and Haizhou, and was the commander of Ren Haijun and the speaker of the Senate in the new Meiji government. It can also be said that he was one of the founders of the modern Japanese navy.
Iron boats and mud boats
The so-called "Mifune at the end of the curtain" refers to Sheng Haizhou and a pair of righteous brothers: Shangang Iron Boat (1836 ~ 1888) and Gao Qiao Clay Boat (1835 ~ 1903).
Zhou Tie is a righteous brother, and his swordsmanship comes from Chiba Dojo, which belongs to the direct mind. When the shogunate recruited the Shi Lang team (the new recruiting group), it was appointed to be banned from Shi Lang; Since then, he has been promoted to an important position in the shogunate-Omo House. During the Wuzhen War, General Tokugawa Yoshinobu ordered him to negotiate with Saigō Takamori to open a city in Edo without bloodshed. In the negotiation, his attitude was neither humble nor arrogant. At that time, he said, "Tokugawa Yoshinobu has a courtier named Yamaoka Iron Boat, which is an enemy of North Korea."
Mudboat is a good marksman. At the age of 25, he became a master in martial arts. He also made great contributions to the shogunate in organizing the Shi Lang team, and once became the Guards of Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
President Sumimoto Takeshi (1836 ~ 1908)
A true legend among shogunate ministers. Teenagers stayed in Hokkaido for a long time, and after adulthood, they studied in the Netherlands to learn naval technology. When he returned to the background, he became an important member of the navy.
In order for the curtain army to enter Edo, Tsumoto led nine warships to launch a rebellion. journey to the south occupied Hokkaido, established the Republic of Korea, and became president. After defeating Ao Yu's alliance with Vietnam, Mou Mujun went straight to his base camp, the five-sided country. Bourbon was defeated, surrendered and imprisoned, but only survived because of Kuroda Kiyotaka's operation.
Sakamoto's right-hand man is Keisuke (1833 ~1911) who is good at military science.
Shibusawa Eiichi (1840 ~ 193 1)
Sezer is a rich peasant. When he was young, he served in Qingxi of Muqiao. Qingxi restored Tokugawa's family and became a shogunate minister after he succeeded the general.
After the political reform, he worked in the Ministry of Finance, resigned in Meiji six years, and was active in industry. He established the first national bank, and his other businesses include silk making, paper making, railways, restaurants and so on. There are more than 500 kinds, so it is called "Ogosho of finance".
As for the story of "God Fighting", it originated from the famous Japanese science fiction (magic novel) The Tale of the Imperial Capital: In Meiji 45, Yasuo Kato tried to awaken the resentment of Hiramen thousands of years ago and destroyed Tokyo with the "earth pulse", while Shibusawa Eiichi fought with Koda Rohan and others and the first robot in Japan to "learn the rules of heaven". 1988, Dongbao Film Company put some of them on the screen, and the battle with Shi Shen, protector boy and Asura was dazzling. ...
Faithful and unfaithful Xiao Su Zhongshun (1827 ~ 1868)
The shogunate chased foreign countries and surveyed infantry. He was the ancestor of modern Japanese Lu Haijun, and made superhuman contributions in military system, weapon attack and weapon innovation, and helped to complete the establishment of Yokosuga Shipyard in Kanagawa Prefecture.
Xiao Su himself advocated the theory of founding the country, but because he was loyal to the shogunate, he was sworn to be at loggerheads. He was hand-picked by Naoki Noi, a conservative (in the eyes of loggers, he can be called the Devil), planned a protracted war, took a tough stand in Chen Wu War and opposed Sheng Haizhou, etc. Therefore, although he has been living in Ueno Quantian Village since then, he was searched out and executed. At the place where he was executed, there was a stone tablet that read: "The great man Kono Sukeyoshi, innocent, was beheaded here."
Yingjie Xia Tian
In addition to the four governors and shogunate, countless heroes emerged all over Japan in that stormy era. First of all, I want to introduce two courtiers (ministers) to my friends.
Third, see the minister (1837 ~ 189 1)
He is a court minister symbolizing reform. The original purpose was to revive the imperial power and restore the status of emperors and officials. Due to the August 18th coup, which was a combination of military and armed forces, they were forced to flee Kyoto and descend to Taizaifu (in Kitakyushu). These seven officials who fell together were called "seven fallen officials" at that time. Since then, his thoughts have turned to a curtain call, and after the reform, he became the minister of Zheng Tai, and actually served as the head of the new government (the initial new government structure was headed by the minister of Zheng Tai, assisted by powerful governors).
Iwakura Tomomi, have it both ways (1825 ~ 1883)
The actual leader of the faction among officials and ministers. He came from a shabby family composed of officials and ministers, and left his mark on the 88-member alliance that opposed the signing of the Japan-US trade treaty.
When the shogunate put forward the idea of combining the public and the army in order to resist the fall of the shogunate, Iwakura planned a "marriage with the palace" (marrying the emperor's sister and princess to the general's family), so she was revered and denounced as a traitor and traitor. Yancang was forced to retreat to Yancang Village to reflect, and then contacted Xixiang, Gui and others many times, determined the idea of ending, and made great achievements in the struggle of "seizing jade" (seizing the emperor and punishing the shogunate).
After the political reform, he became the Minister of Interior, and soon led Okubo, Woody (Guangxi) and others to organize Iwakura missions to visit Europe and America. Xixiang and others who stayed suppressed different opinions and put forward the theory of levying Korea. Okubo rushed back to argue with them. At the meeting of the Palace Hall, the Xixiang faction gained the upper hand, and Miyake was forced to agree to levy Korea, but asked to postpone the announcement for one day. That night, Sanjo said that he was ill, so Iwakura was appointed Minister of Zheng Tai. Iwakura immediately entered the palace to obtain the imperial edict, and then the next day's meeting overturned all the decisions of the three articles. Xixiang and so on. When he flew into a rage, the prototype of Okubo's dictatorship was formed.
From respecting the excitement to the combination of public power and martial arts to the end, and even later generations, many people talk about Iwakura Tomomi and have it both ways, who are treacherous and cunning, and compare them to "Cao Cao". However, it should be noted that he played a powerful role in promoting the reform movement. And once the idea of ending is determined, Iwakura is more determined than anyone else. A person's mind should be allowed to grow, which is not "the swing of the wall falls on both sides."
There are mainly two other people with lofty ideals-
Ikeda House-Miyabe Dingcang (1820 ~ 1864)
Kumamoto, the teacher of Iiyama Deer War, is also good at Chinese studies (Japan, of course) and Shinto. Later, he resigned because his disciples violated the Fanshan law, and took part in the worship movement in Shangluo, becoming three true and beautiful cronies. He was seriously injured in the Ikeda family incident and committed suicide.
Foreign minister Luo zongguang (1844 ~ 1897)
Malone's younger brother, formerly known as Yang Jie, is a Ji Yifan. Because of the coup in San Francisco, his father was imprisoned, left San Francisco and wandered around, and went to Edo to participate in the Venerable Movement. Later, he was appreciated by Malone, entered the naval training institute to study, worshipped Sheng Haizhou as a teacher, and soon joined Guishan Society (Sea Aid Team).
Lu Ao is a thoughtful man. He once instilled the idea of establishing People's Republic of China (PRC) into Iwakura Tomomi. After the political reform, he returned to Francisco as governor (Ji Yifan later changed to Wakayama County), 1870 visited Europe, and 1875 served as director of the Senate.
1878,