"Water Margin" makes it very clear that since there is no opposition to the Emperor of Heaven, as soon as the army arrives, it will be called up to fight other robbers for those national thieves who do not "do justice for heaven". Finally became a slave. "
This incisive exposition points out the essence of the capitulationist line in Water Margin and exposes the true face of the capitulator Jiang under the banner of "doing justice for heaven". Water Margin only targets corrupt officials, not the emperor. Even Song Huizong, who is decadent, is known as the "most holy and wise" son of heaven, saying that he "seeks virtue", "loves the people" and "helps the people". The bad ones are only a few "treacherous court officials" such as Gao Qiu. A Water Margin was crowned with the word "loyalty". Loyal to who?
Of course, only loyalty to the emperor and the court. Song Jiang repeatedly confessed before he died: "I have always advocated loyalty and refused to deceive my heart." ..... I'd rather the court negative me, I am loyal to the court! "
Some people don't agree that Song Jiang is a capitulator and "was a slave in the end". In their minds, Song Jiang was a "very outstanding leader" of the peasant uprising, representing the will and desire of the whole peasant class, and even his surrender reflected the historical limitations of the peasant uprising. Is Lu Xun right or are these people right? Let's take a look at where Song Jiang is "outstanding".
We judge which class a person represents, not only by his background and occupation, but also by the interests and demands of which class his thoughts and actions represent and what kind of political line he pursues. Before going to Liangshan, Song Jiang had a private conversation with Song Wu who was going to join forces with Erlong Mountain: "Brother, you only care about your future, Wan Li ... If you win the favor of the imperial court, you can persuade Yang Zhi to surrender. But in the future, if you go to the side, you will win the shadow of your wife with one shot and one knife. After a long time, you will leave a good reputation in history, and it will not be a lifetime. " These words are the self-exposure of Song Jiang's ugly soul. His lifelong struggle was to "encourage" the peasant rebels to surrender and introduce them into the slaughterhouse of the landlord class; At the same time, he himself climbed the body of the peasant uprising army, thereby promoting himself to a higher position and making a fortune, sealing his wife and children. This is what he kept urging Song Wu to do. Therefore, as soon as he went to Liangshan, he set up a party for personal gain, rejected dissidents, usurped the leadership of Liangshan Rebel Army, and replaced Chao Gai's line of adhering to the peasant uprising with his capitulationist line. He changed the Juyi Hall of classical poetry into Loyalty Hall, but the word difference reflected the different world views of the two opposing classes, the peasants and the landlords. "Juyi" means uprising and revolution; And "loyalty" is to win over and surrender. Doesn't this clearly reflect the opposition between the two routes?
Song Jiang played the banner of "doing good for heaven". The "heaven" in his mind is the emperor and the court; His "Tao" is the Tao of Confucius and Mencius, which is to help the Song Dynasty disintegrate and suppress the peasant uprising in order to consolidate the reactionary rule of the landlord class. He keeps saying that he wants to "protect the country and benefit the people": "protecting the country" means defending the reactionary regime of the landlord class; A "daughter-in-law" is to be a slave herself and let others follow. On the day of Liangshan's "great gathering of righteousness", Song Jiang wrote a poem "Red River" on impulse, ordering music and solo: "I hope that the heavenly king will surrender the imperial edict and negotiate peace early, and I am full of joy." As a result, there was a voice of opposition in the Shuihu Shanzhai. But this did not shake Song Jiang's counter-revolutionary determination to "advocate wooing, turning over a new leaf and serving the country as a minister". As soon as he surrendered, he immediately attacked Fang La with a great army, and all the robbers who could not "do justice for heaven" went. Isn't it clear enough which class will and desire he represents? Song Jiang is an eagle dog of emperors and generals and the whole landlord class. For such an eagle dog, Water Margin tries to beautify and praise it, touting it as loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness. This kind of praise just proves that it is a negative teaching material to promote capitulationism.
In The Change of Rogues, Lu Xun once traced back to the source, pointing out that Confucius, Confucianism, Water Margin, Shigong case, Gong Peng case and Elvis Presley in the Qing Dynasty came down in one continuous line. Lu Xun also said in the Historical Changes of China's Novels that the chivalrous men in novels like Elvis Presley "are very similar to the characters in the Water Margin, so although their facts come from the Dragon Map Case-solving, their origins still come from the Water Margin". Actually, Song Jiangtong, Mrs. Huang San, Huang Tianba, Zhan Zhao and others are all the same. To be clear, they are nothing more than the minions, running dogs, bodyguards or so-called "honest officials" of the emperor.
Let's compare Song Jiang and Gao Qiu, and we can find that these two people have many similarities. They are all the same "drifters". They want to be promoted and rich, but they are also sent into exile. In the final analysis, they are the same kind of people. What's the difference? Yes Gao Qiu dogs are flourishing. Because he played well, he was liked by the "Nine Kings", that is, the later emperor Hui Zong, so he made a fortune early and became an official. Song Jiang, in his own words, is a "long life" and has become a "coach". In fact, these two men, all roads lead to the same goal, Song Jiang was temporarily admitted as the "coach" by the official, and was later wooed to become an official again; And Gao Qiu, suddenly became an official. Song Jiang wrote a so-called "anti-poem" in Xunyang Building. Some people think that he really wants to rebel. In fact, he just complained when his reputation was gone, his job was gone, and his cheeks were tattooed. "I have been attacking history since I was a child, and I grew up with tactics. Just like a tiger lying on a barren hill, its hidden minions endure. " Isn't this a wonderful self-portrayal of an ambitious schemer's psychology of "not getting his talent"? In Song Jiang's view, when he is at the end of the road, speculative "rebellion" can be said to be a shortcut. "If you want to be an official, you must hug when you kill and set fire." Lu Xun said: "This is the conclusion that people at that time extracted the essence of state affairs." The struggle between Song Jiang and Gao Qiu does not belong to the struggle between reformists and die-hards, but only between the reactionary faction of the landlord class and that faction. However, no matter how they fight with each other, they are all birds of a feather. In terms of destroying the peasant revolutionary movement and consolidating the reactionary rule of the landlord class, Song Jiang's role is actually much greater than that of Gao Qiu and more deceptive than that of Gao Qiu.
Isn't Song Jiang known as "timely rain"? How is he "timely rain"? "Water Margin" eulogized Song Huizong's era of "the country is rich and the people are safe, and scholars are happy". In fact, the world was in chaos, the people were miserable, the fire of peasant uprising burned everywhere, and the buildings in the Northern Song Dynasty were crumbling. Evonne wrote the names of the "Four Bandits" on the white screen of his own Ruisi Temple, which shows that he is worried day and night. Therefore, Song Jiang, one of the "four bandits", not only surrendered to Zhao Guan, but also helped him suppress the other three peasant insurgents. Isn't this an out-and-out "timely rain" for the Northern Song Dynasty and Zhao Ji? In history, whenever class contradictions become increasingly fierce and the reactionary rule of the exploiting class can no longer be maintained, the reactionary class always needs Jiang's "timely rain" to douse the fire of peasant uprisings. This is why The Water Margin and the image of Song Jiang are particularly appreciated by the landlord bourgeoisie and revisionism.
Jin Shengtan beheaded the water margin more than 20 times, emphasizing that Jiang, the "thief chief", can only be beheaded, and never allowed to woo. Lu Xun was very dissatisfied with Jin Shengtan, so he wrote an article about Jin Shengtan, criticizing Jin Shengtan: "It is foolish to only cut off the second half of the water margin and dream of a' Ji Shu Night' to kill all Song Jiang's people." Jin Shengtan's "fatuity" lies in that he doesn't understand that uprising farmers can't be hacked. Wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high, and one "Uncle Ji's Night" and a hundred "Uncle Ji's Nights" are useless. Jin Shengtan's "stupidity" also lies in his failure to understand the true intention of Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong in writing Water Margin. It was on Jin Shengtan's same class standpoint that he opposed the peasant uprising and shaped and praised the image of Song Jiang as a capitulator. They know that the fortress is the easiest to break from the inside. Jin Shengtan doesn't understand this truth. He didn't see clearly that Jiang was not a thief at all, but a loyal agent of the landlord class. Lu Xun also vividly compared the cut Water Margin to a "broken-tailed dragonfly". Sung River surrendered, was embraced and beat Fang La, which was the inevitable result of his capitulationist line. Cut off this half, and Song Jiang's face as a surrenderer is not true. Jin Shengtan's "Chop" was welcomed by many people who praised Song Jiang because it cut off many evil deeds and ugly performances of Song Jiang.
There is a strict difference between a robber who does justice for heaven and a robber who doesn't. Lu Xun clearly pointed out that the former was an out-and-out capitulator, while the latter was an uprising peasant who opposed exploitation, oppression and slavery. It's different and should not be confused. In fact, even within the Liangshan Rebel Army, it is split in two. Most of the insurgents were bankrupt farmers and craftsmen, and many of them were children of the landlord class, soldiers and officers of the reactionary army. Because Song Jiang carried out the capitulationism line politically, organized the rebellion, and brought in a large number of senior generals in the Song Dynasty, the class composition of this rebel leading group changed. Among the 108 generals, Li Kui jy, Wu Yong, Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu and Ruan are all good, and they are unwilling to surrender. Wu Yong and Ruan Shi were the first pair of brothers who rebelled against classicism. Li Kui jy was the bravest and most determined soldier in Liangshan Uprising. As soon as he heard Le He singing "Man Jiang Hong" written by Song Jiang, he opened his eyes wide and cried, "Woohoo! What a bird! " Kick the table to pieces with one foot. He doesn't care about the Emperor of the Song Dynasty at all. Sung river is not against it. He wants to object. Qiu Chen entered the village and sent a letter to woo. Li Kui jy not only grabbed the imperial edict and tore it into pieces, but also split his chest and seized Chen Taiwei, dragging his fist and hitting him. Until the end of the novel, Li Kui jy heard that the court sent medicinal liquor and shouted "Reverse!" So Song Jiang is most worried about this "black whirlwind". He must be killed before he closes his eyes. His intentions are really vicious. The struggle between Song Jiang and Li Kui's surrender and anti-surrender is a struggle between the landlord class and the peasant class, and a struggle between the capitulationist line and the uprising line.
Song Jiang's defenders also used the word "righteousness" as a shield, as if all the people in Song Jiang Tong were righteous and like brothers. All men are brothers within the four seas. What classes, routes, capitulationists and revolutionaries are there? Lu Xun exposed the hypocrisy of this slogan circulating in the Water Margin in one sentence: "People in the mountains don't take everyone as their brothers." That's what happened. Don't say that within the four seas, even within the water margin, it is by no means a brotherly relationship, but a class relationship. The struggle between the landlord class and the peasant class is bound to be reflected in the Liangshan Uprising Army. Song Jiang opened his mouth with a "loyalty" and closed his mouth with a "righteousness". He is loyal to the top, so he is a brother to the bottom! Back to the eighty-third "Chen Qiaoyi tearfully beheaded a pawn", it fully exposed the hypocrisy of Song Jiang's "righteousness". As soon as the ugly drama of woo 'an ended, a military academy in the uprising army was outraged and killed a cabinet officer who abused the uprising army. This scared Song Jiang terribly, and he was about to cut off the head of the military school and go to the court to plead guilty. But still have to take into account the "friendship", so Song Jiang used his usual cat-and-mouse crying skills to "cry", called the military school to "get drunk" and hang himself, and then cut off his head to command the public. The head is also cut off, and the "righteousness" is exhausted. The content of "righteousness" should be analyzed by classes. The classical "gathering righteousness" is to unite to create resistance to the reactionary rule of the landlord class; When Song Jiang talked about "righteousness", he just wanted to use "righteousness" to cover up class opposition, reconcile class struggle and line struggle, and make the oppressed class obey the reactionary ruling class as slaves. Is this "righteousness" more in line with the needs of the reactionary ruling class than Song Jiang? The tragedy of Li Kui jy is that he suffers from this "friendship" and is blinded by it. He only recognizes "brothers" and does not recognize the route, so he can't break the reactionary face of Song Jiang. Finally, he became a victim of Song Jiang's capitulationist line. What a painful lesson!
As a fighting Marxist, Lu Xun hated Song Jiang, a capitulator, and engaged in counter-revolutionary activities as a revolutionary. Especially after 1927 "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup, he not only saw the perseverance of real revolutionaries, but also saw through the ghosts of various capitulationists. "Embrace the troops as soon as they arrive" is a help to the reactionaries to slaughter the revolutionary people immediately; It's another way to always be a revolutionary, but it's another way to surround real revolutionaries. Didn't Mr. Lu Xun write the article "Thief Change" to warn people to surrender to Chiang Kai-shek?