Le Sheng-Beethoven

(Beethoven, Ludwig van 1770- 1827)

First, a brief introduction to life:

Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on 19701February. His mother is a hardworking and gentle maid, while his father is a greedy and alcoholic singer, so his family is very poor. His father's strict discipline made his childhood miserable, and he could only get a little love from his mother and grandfather.

Beethoven showed his talent and talent in music when he was very young. He began to learn music at the age of four, piano and violin at the age of five, made his first public performance at the age of eight, and improvised on the piano at the age of eleven. He made his debut and joined a band in his hometown theater. At the age of seventeen, my mother died and my father lost his job. He takes care of his family and educates his two younger brothers. When his father died at the age of 22, he took Dove to Vienna to develop his career as a piano player and composer. Become a famous piano player at the age of 25. Soon, his reputation as a composer gradually improved, but his hearing began to decline at the age of 27, he was deaf at the age of 30 and completely deaf at the age of 45. During this period, he published his great ninth symphony (chorus) and so on.

Beethoven had been in love many times in his life, but he never got married. In his later years, he was dragged down by his nephew, his temperament became abnormal, and he was tortured by gastrointestinal diseases and jaundice. Finally, he died in Vienna in a storm on March 26th, 827/kloc-0. After his death, more than 25,000 people who admired him went to pay tribute to his remains. Schools at all levels in Vienna closed on the day of his funeral to show their respect for him.

Beethoven is a bridge between the classical music school and the Romantic school. He came from a humble background and experienced many misfortunes and pains, but his indomitable spirit, enterprising spirit and self-enrichment made him thrive. He was forced to learn music from an early age. In his early years, he studied theoretical composition under Haydn and Abreu Zeke, which laid a solid foundation for his own composition techniques and eventually became a master.

Beethoven struggled with the fate of suffering all his life and never bowed his head. He deeply felt life and realized the meaning of life. Therefore, his works are filled with a lot of affection never imagined before, and full of confidence everywhere. These works, like brilliant light, shine on the whole garden of life, showing great ambition and unrestrained enthusiasm, which is very admirable. We should learn from Beethoven's sentiment of being fearless and striving for progress.

Second, the list of works:

Category, work number and work name

Symphony op.21symphony No.1 in c major

Symphony no.2 in major, op. 36 D

Op. 55 symphony no.3 in e flat major (hero)

Op. 60 symphony no.4 in b flat major

Symphony No.5 in minor (Destiny)

Symphony no.6 in f major (pastoral)

Symphony no.7 in major, op. 92 A

Symphony no 8 in f major, op 93.

Op.9 1 War Symphony (Victory in Wellington)

Op.1Symphony No.9 in 25 D minor (Chorus)

Orchestral works violin romance in 40 G minor

Violin Romance in Major

string music

Quartet no.12 in e flat major 127.

Op. 15 in minor 132

Op. 133 in b flat (big fugue)

Op. 130 in b flat 13.

Op. 14 in c minor 13 1 l

Op. 65438+ 16 in f major

Op.33 Song of the Great Escape

Religious music works 123 D major (solemn mass)

Piano works for Alice Woo59

Ballet Op.43 Prometheus's Creation Overture

Opera Op. 72 Federio

Chorus Op. 80 Chorus Fantasia

violin

Use the piano

Sonata op. 24 F major (spring)

Sonata in Op.3 1 C minor

Op. 47 G major (Croce)

Concerto works15 Piano Concerto No.1 in C major

piano concerto no.2 in b flat major,op.19

Piano concerto no.3 in c minor

Concerto for sextet in Op. 56c major.

Piano concerto no.4 in g major

Violin concerto no.1 in Op.6 1 D major

Op. 73 piano concerto no.5 in e flat major (emperor)

Prelude 72a Leonora Prelude

Op. 62 "Corioland Overture"

Op. 84 Egmont Overture

Overture to Athens ruins

Stevenson overture

A prelude to the celebration of naming day

sonata

and

Variations on piano sonata in c minor op. 13 (pathos)

Piano sonata no.2 in c minor (moonlight)

Piano sonata in d major op. 28 (pastoral)

Heroic Variations in E-flat Major

Piano sonata in op. 3 1no 2D minor

Piano Sonata in Major (Waldstein)

Piano sonata in e flat major (farewell)

Piano sonata in e minor, op. 90

Piano sonata in b flat major

Op. 120 Diabelli Variations

Beethoven's Life and Creation

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827) is the last and greatest representative of Viennese music school. Beethoven 1770 12 16 was born in Bonn, a small town near the French border on the Rhine. My father is a high school male singer in the court orchestra, and my mother is a chef. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Palace Orchestra.

Beethoven showed musical talent from an early age, and his father knew his son's musical talent for a long time. In order to cultivate him into a child prodigy like Mozart, he was forced to learn piano and violin at the age of four, and began to perform in concerts and try to compose music at the age of eight. However, his music education in this period has been very chaotic and unsystematic. Beethoven dropped out of school at the age of eleven and concentrated on studying music at home. At the age of twelve, he was able to play freely and worked as an assistant to organist Nie Fei (1748- 1798). Thirteen-year-old Beethoven was hired as a harpsichord player by Bonn Theatre and officially became a professional musician. At this time, he began to formally learn music from Nie Fei. Nie Fei is a versatile musician. He broadened Beethoven's artistic horizons, familiarized him with some excellent examples of German classical art, and consolidated Beethoven's understanding of lofty goals. Beethoven's formal study and systematic upbringing actually began with Nie Fei's careful teaching and training: Nie Fei also led him to teach Mozart in Vienna from 65438 to 0787. After listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day. Beethoven received the news of his mother's death shortly after he arrived in Vienna, and he had to go back to Bonn at once. Due to the drag of his family, he didn't come to Vienna for the second time until his father died in the autumn of 1792, but Mozart was no longer alive. After Beethoven came to Vienna for the second time, he quickly gained the position of the most outstanding performer (especially improvisation) in Vienna. After that, he studied under Haydn, Schenk, Ablisberg and salieri. Beethoven has been growing up in the music of Mozart and Haydn, so that when he started writing, his style was similar to that of his predecessors.

As a freelance musician in Vienna, his situation is better than Mozart's, but he suffers from personal relations. He got in touch with many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time and learned from them through his association with the intellectual Brenin in Bonn. Quot the trend of thought of hurricane movement. " His democratic thought was mature a few years before the French Revolution, but it developed rapidly in the revolutionary era. 1789 French bourgeois revolution and progress inspired him greatly and laid the foundation of his humanistic world outlook-believing in human equality, pursuing justice and personal freedom, and hating the oppression of feudal autocracy. He once said: "A year of freedom is much more useful to mankind than a hundred years of absolutism. "The slogan of" freedom, equality and fraternity "in the French Revolution deeply touched him, and made him initially determine the most advanced bourgeois outlook on life at that time. He once wrote in his notes: "Freedom! ! ! What can people need more than it? " "I love freedom more than anything else-I won't betray the truth even before the throne!" "In the art world, as in all great creations, free progress is our goal. "This is the oath of Beethoven's creation. His creation realized these vows, created many immortal chapters, and realized his "through suffering-towards joy; Through struggle-to victory ". This is reflected in his violin concerto, the fourth piano concerto, the fifth piano concerto and other works, especially the ninth symphony, which declares Beethoven's ideal purpose-the unity and friendship of all mankind.

Beethoven is one of the most original composers. His main and most important works are symphonic music, of which nine symphonies are the most important. Beethoven's creative conception is broad, his image is magnificent, his feelings are deep and his contrast is sharp, which makes him pay attention to the adoption and expansion of sonata form. At the same time, due to the rich and diverse images, the sonata form used in each work has its own characteristics. Beethoven's other orchestral works include violin concerto, five piano concertos, two overtures, piano band, chorus fantasia, two violins and orchestra romance. Although the three famous composers of Vienna Classical Music School lived in similar times, Beethoven's thoughts obviously did not belong to Haydn and Mozart? Quot an era. Haydn was humiliated all his life. Although he is occasionally provoked, he always resigns. At that time, progressive literary thoughts and revolutionary emotions rarely excited him, and his music was always insulated from struggle. Mozart's mental pain is no less than Haydn's. He dared to resist, preferring poverty to endure the insult of the archbishop. However, in his music, people often feel a kind of pain, melancholy and sadness behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality. Only Beethoven, who not only angrily opposed the autocratic feudal system, but also called on people to fight for freedom and happiness with his music. Beethoven's creations in Bonn (1782- 1792) are mostly small piano pieces, duets and songs. It can be said that he was still in the preparatory stage of creation during this period. During his first ten years in Vienna (1792- 1802), his famous works were Sorrow, Moonlight, Croce Sonata, Piano Concerto No.3 and so on. But during this period, he had a better understanding of social and political issues, and he could also realize where he was trying to explore. From 802 to 18 12, his creation entered a mature stage and became his "heroic era".

The choir consists of two Masses (C major and D major), the oratorio Christ in Mount Olive and the Ninth Symphony.

Dramatic works include the opera Federio, the score Egmont, The King of Stevin, The Ruins of Athens and the ballet The Birth of Prometheus.

Chamber music includes septets, piano and wind quintets, string quintets, string quartets, sixteen Grand Fugues, four string trio, flute, violin and China piano serenade, six piano trio, ten clarinets, cello, piano trio, violin sonatas, five cello sonatas and horn sonatas, and thirty-two very important piano sonatas.

The songs include the vocal divertimento "For a Lover Far Away", the female voice and the live band "Ah! Disloyal people and other vocal and piano music.

Beethoven is basically classical in music genre, but his later period obviously has romantic factors, so it seems that he should be classified as a romantic genre. Representative works: Symphony No.3, No.5, No.6, No.7, No.9 (op.55, No.67, No.68, No.92, 125), Overture Egmont (op.84), Overture Linlai Olin (op.62), Piano Concerto No.5 "The Emperor" (op.73).

The mature process of Beethoven's creative activities seems to be quite slow on the surface, but in fact it is very smooth. He didn't write his first symphony until he was thirty, but Mozart had written about forty symphonies at this age.

Beethoven began to feel his hearing was getting weaker and weaker from 1796, but it was not until 180 1 that he was convinced that his ear disease was incurable and told his friends about it. However, his love for art and life overcame his personal pain and despair-suffering became the source of his creative power. At the peak of such a spiritual crisis, he began to write his optimistic hero symphony. The Heroic Symphony marks the turning point of Beethoven's spirit and his creation? Quot the beginning of the heroic age.

In the later period of Beethoven's stay in Vienna, because Europe was experiencing a serious period of political reaction, that is, the period when metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant, his creation also experienced a temporary decline (1813-1817). From 18 18, in the last ten years of Beethoven's life (18 18- 1827), he still wrote the ninth symphony (chorus) with great perseverance, although his ears were completely deaf, his health deteriorated obviously and his life was miserable. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. He had no relatives around when he died, but when he was buried on the 29th of the same month, a mass wave formed. All schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people escorted his coffin. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Bache (179 1- 1872): "When you stand on his coffin, we can only tell people like him that he has achieved great things ..."

Beethoven is one of the great composers in the world art history. His creation embodies his giant character and reflects the progressive thought of that era. His image of revolutionary heroism can be used as "through suffering-towards joy; Win through struggle. " His works are magnificent and unpretentious, and his music is rich in content and easy to be understood and accepted by the audience.

Beethoven's music embodies the sufferings and joys of the broad masses of people in his time. Struggle and victory, so it always inspired people in the past, inspiring people's fighting spirit, and even now it makes people feel cordial and inspiring.

His nine symphonies occupy an extremely unique position in all his creations. These symphonies can be compared to a complete large-scale symphonic narrative poem-a long epic describing the life of a hero. Although there is no story to connect, it reveals all aspects of the protagonist's life, activities and thoughts, that is, some of the most important life problems faced by the protagonist, such as: the protagonist and his struggle, the protagonist and nature, the protagonist and his inner world, the protagonist and the people, and so on. His nine symphonies are the most important part of the world cultural heritage.

About Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Mozart 1756- 179 1)

Mozart is an outstanding composer in Austria, born in a family of court musicians in Salzburg. He has shown outstanding musical talent since he was a teenager, and his life works are extremely rich. The most important field of his creation is opera, with 22 pieces, and another important part is symphony, with 45 pieces. His music creation not only inherited and developed the achievements of Haydn and others, but also had an important influence on the later creations of Beethoven and others.

Mozart may not be the greatest composer, but he is definitely recognized as the greatest musical genius. Even the great musician Tchaikovsky called him music Christ. Someone once said: "There was a bright moment in the history of music, when all the opponents reconciled and all the tensions were eliminated. That bright moment was Mozart."

Wolfgang mozart was born in Salzburg on 1756. He showed unparalleled musical talent from an early age: he began to play the piano at the age of 3, began to compose music at the age of 6, wrote his first symphony at the age of 8, completed his first opera at the age of 1 1, and conducted at the age of 14. It can be said that Mozart was born for music, and from the moment he was born, he was integrated with music.

/kloc-at the age of 0/6, Mozart was appointed as an organist in the Salzburg court. Although Mozart created many excellent works during this period, he could not stand the bossing and bullying of the Archbishop of Salzburg. There, Mozart was just a servant who could play the piano. He once described his companions at the palace dinner to his father like this: two footmen, a housekeeper, a pastry chef and two chefs. The footmen sat at the top table and Mozart was above the chefs. Finally, in 178 1 year, Mozart broke away from the dependence on the archbishop and became the first free composer in history, and came to Vienna for development. In Vienna, Mozart made a living by teaching private students, giving concerts and publishing works. During this period, Mozart came into contact with Bach and Handel's works and got to know Haydn, thus enriching his musical thoughts.

In Vienna, Mozart's musical achievements are amazing. He once described his music creation as follows: "No matter how long the work is, it is done in my mind. I take out what I have stored from my memory. So the speed of writing on paper is still quite fast, because everything is complete, and its appearance on paper is similar to what I imagined. So I'm not afraid of being disturbed at work. No matter what happens, I can even write and talk. " It's a pity that such a genius died of cold when he was in his prime, at the age of 35. On the last day of his life (197 1 65438+9 February), he was still writing. Unfortunately, God is jealous of talent. Mozart left his unfinished requiem and died, which became one of the greatest regrets in the history of music.

Although Mozart's life is full of ups and downs, his music always brings people real pure beauty. Romain rolland, a famous music critic, said of Mozart: "His music is a portrayal of life, but it is a beautified life. Although melody is a reflection of the spirit, it must please the spirit without hurting the body or hearing. Therefore, in Mozart's view, music is the expression of harmony in life. Not only his operas, but also all his works. His music, no matter what it looks like, always points to the mind rather than intelligence, always expresses emotion or passion, but there is no unpleasant or abrupt passion. "

Of course, if you want to comment on Mozart's music completely, it is by no means a thousand words that can be expressed. To truly understand Mozart, the most important thing is to listen to his works. Almost every capital of his more than 1000 works is an extraordinary classic.

Main works:

Opera "The Wedding of Figaro"

Adventures of Don Juan

The Magic Flute

Symphony No.39 in E flat major "Emperor"

Symphony no.40 in g minor

Symphony no 4 1 cupid in c major

Violin concerto no.4 in d major

Violin concerto no.5 in b flat major

Piano concerto no 2 1 in c major

Piano concerto no.23 in a major

Other string quartets hunt

First of all, prodigy

Mozart learns music as fast as other babies learn to speak. He has a sister named Marianne. When Wolfgang was a toddler, he listened to his father give music lessons to little Marianne. Then he hobbled to the harpsichord and played the textbook accurately from beginning to end. By the time he was four years old, he could not only play the clavichord, but also began to write small minuets and even write concertos for the band.

Afraid that no one would know, he got a small violin and learned to play it. One day, when his father and three friends were playing a string quartet in the pavilion of the garden, little Wolfgang pulled out the second violin section accurately, which surprised them all. Then he also finished Nara's first violin section.

Second, music travel

First, Mozart's father took his two children to Munich, the music city of Germany, where they made everyone ecstatic. They stopped in every town in Germany and Austria and held concerts in the palaces of nobles. In a temple, the boy surprised the good monks with his organ skills because he had never tried this instrument before. Soon, they were all invited to the duke and prince's house to play. Later, the moment they had been waiting for came: they were ordered to perform in the palace.

Children play in front of the emperor and queen and their whole court. The little boy is required to pass all kinds of tests. He played a difficult concerto by a court composer with visual music, and the composer turned over the music for him. He improvised its theme well. He plays the piano with one finger, on the keyboard covered with cloth. Finally, the emperor called him a little magician, and the queen gave each child a diamond ring, Marianne a white silk dress and Wolfgang a lavender silk dress with gold edges.

Third, travel around the world.

The Mozart family traveled by coach for three years, passing through Germany, France, England and Holland. As long as there is a duke or prince in charge of the court, they will stop to give a concert. The aristocratic ladies doted on the little boy so much that the father wrote a letter to a friend saying that he would rather give him as many gold coins as they kissed him. An English critic wrote: "This child instinctively knows more music than many cathedral teachers have learned in their lifetime."

When Mozart's family returned to Salzburg, they brought back many exquisite mesh, shawls, silks and satins and patterned gold. Snuff bottles, rings and other gifts are enough to open a shop, but there is not much money. All the money they earned at the concert was spent on travel expenses.

Fourth, a trip to Italy.

His father soon realized that if he was allowed to stay in Salzburg for too long, he would soon be forgotten by the world. So he planned another tour, this time to Italy. Italy was a very important country in the music industry at that time. Every city has its own opera house. At that time, Italian operas, composers and singers were very popular all over the world, which often crowded out the jobs of local musicians. The father thinks that if Wolfgang can win a reputation in Italy, his road in the world will be smooth.

So the father and son went to various cities in Italy to travel and perform. It was a victory from beginning to end. Rich ladies gave him a lot of gifts. He was commissioned to write operas for Milan Opera House. In Naples, his performance surprised simple people, thinking that his diamond ring must have magic power and asked him to take it off. In Rome, Mozart's family went to the Sistine Chapel a week before Easter to listen to a sacred musical work. The choir is heavily guarded and never allowed to copy. Wolfgang went back to his room and wrote it from memory.

Mozart, wonderful "pure music"

First, simple and natural expression.

In this century, someone has done such an experiment: recording the works of dozens of famous musicians in ancient and modern times and showing them to American Indians for appreciation. It turns out that most of the most popular music is Mozart's works. It can be seen that Mozart's music works embody the most primitive and simple pursuit of beauty. No wonder many music critics later called Mozart's music "pure music" without any impurities, which was very artistic and appropriate.

Second, "Great, Mozart!"

1786 In May, Mozart's opera The Wedding of Figaro was first performed in Vienna. The theater was packed and the audience's enthusiasm was unprecedented. At the request of the audience, some parting songs were sung twice. In the third act, the little duet of the countess and Susan was sung three times. The performance dragged on indefinitely, and the Austrian emperor Joseph, who was watching the play, had to order a ban on "another performance". Irish tenor Kelly (1762- 1826), who plays music teacher Basilio and judge Curzio at the same time, described this extraordinary performance in his memoirs and said: "

Mozart and his "The Wedding of Figaro" achieved a complete success, which is unprecedented. The packed audience witnessed it with their own eyes, and even the first rehearsal with the band aroused great enthusiasm. When Benucci (1745- 1824), the Italian bass singer who played Figaro, sang Figaro's aria with a loud voice, it caused a strong response like a flash of lightning, and all the actors and band members on the stage shouted' Yes, yes, master! "Great, great, Mozart," I think the band members never stopped banging their bows on the music stand to cheer. And Mozart, I will never forget his excitement. His face was radiant with genius. It is difficult to describe it in words, so the painter has to use his wonderful pen to describe it. "

Three, a word come true requiem

179 1 July, while Mozart was supporting his increasingly weak body and was busy composing the music of the opera The Magic Flute, an uninvited guest with a gloomy face and wearing gray clothes, as an unknown customer, customized a Lament (also translated as Requiem or Requiem) from Mozart. Mozart accepted his entrustment. In the last few weeks of his life, he worked hard and was anxious for the creation of "commemorative music". He felt that this mysterious task was an ominous sign. Once, he suddenly talked about death. With tears in his eyes, he said he was writing a eulogy for himself. Then he said, "I feel like I'm dying;" I'm sure someone is poisoning me. I can't get rid of this idea. " Later, there was a long-standing legend that salieri, an Italian contemporary composer, poisoned Mozart because he was jealous of his genius. )

165438+ 10 In June, Mozart was weak and had been lying in bed, but he was still worried about the writing of Memories. On February 4th, 65438, Mozart had the music put on the bed, barely supported it, wrote the first tear (No.7 in Memories), and tried to sing the contralto part. His brother-in-law, Hoff, sings tenor, while theater singers Shaq and Geer sing soprano and bass. The four of them sang the opening paragraph of the tears.

This is the saddest and most touching passage in Memories of Time Past, which shows sympathy for human suffering. When Mozart sang here, he suddenly felt that he could not finish writing this work, so he put the music aside and burst into tears. In the evening, Mozart's friend Hussmeier (1766-1803) came, and Mozart told him some ideas about writing "Remembering the Past". Later, after Mozart's death, he completed the last three movements (Three Saints, Blessing and Lamb of God). On the last day of Mozart's life, the writing of "Memories of Time Past" has always occupied his heart. Even when he dozes off, he bulges his cheeks and imitates the drums. At midnight, he suddenly sat up and stared intently; Then he turned his head to one side and lay down and fell asleep. 65438+On the morning of February 5th 1 p.m., Mozart died suddenly.

After Mozart's death, it was discovered that the man in gray who customized Memories of Time Past for him was reuter Gaby, the housekeeper of Count Walseck. The count is a mediocre and vain music lover. In order to brag about his talent, he often plays songs written by others at home and pretends to be his own. This time, his wife died recently, and his old illness recurred. It suddenly occurred to him to ask Mozart to write a mourning song, pretending to be his own mourning work and preparing to sing it at his wife's funeral. Mozart wrote this poem with a premonition of death, but the words "write for yourself" became a prophecy; And this unfinished "swan song" became a masterpiece of Mozart's genius.

Fourth, not "handy"

Although Mozart's life was short, he created a lot of works. It is estimated that even a skilled expert in copying music must copy all Mozart's works day and night for several years. Mozart's last work is a requiem numbered "K626", but the number "K626" will continue to be rewritten, because some of his lost works have often been "excavated" in recent years. Such exuberant creativity gives the impression to future generations that Mozart must have written 1000 words freely and effortlessly when composing music.

But this is not the case. Later generations found Mozart's draft compositions in piles. Often at the beginning of a famous song, he has to draw up several plans and then choose. Mozart often needs a piano when composing, but he is poor and can't afford it, so he often borrows it from a friend's house to compose.

Mozart himself aptly described the "secret" of his composition: "No musician works harder than me. You can't name a great musician. I haven't studied his works carefully over and over again. "

Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a representative of Viennese classical music school. 1756 65438+/kloc-0 was born in the family of a court musician in Salzburg on October 27th,179165438+died in Vienna on February 5th. Mozart showed his musical talent at the age of three, studied piano with his father at the age of four, composed music at the age of five, studied violin with his father at the age of six, wrote many sonatas and symphonies at the age of eight, and wrote his first opera at the age of eleven. He only lived to be 36 years old. Heavy creation, performance and poor life damaged his health and made him die prematurely, and his music works became the precious heritage of the world music treasure house.

From 65438 to 0762, six-year-old Mozart, led by his father, made a tentative tour in Munich, Vienna and Pressburg, and achieved success. From June 1763 to March 1773, he toured Germany, France, Britain, the Netherlands, Italy and other countries for ten years and achieved success. These traveling performances have a great influence on Mozart's artistic development.