(1) blood pressure. Blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure of blood in blood vessels on the unit area of blood vessel wall, that is, pressure.
Because blood vessels are divided into arteries, capillaries and veins, there are arterial blood pressure, capillary blood pressure and venous blood pressure. Usually, blood pressure refers to arterial blood pressure. When blood vessels dilate, blood pressure drops; When blood vessels contract, blood pressure rises.
(2) Factors affecting blood pressure. ① Increase or decrease blood volume. ② Vascular contraction or dilation. ③ Myocardial contractility. What we usually call "blood pressure" actually refers to the blood pressure measurement of the brachial artery of the upper arm, that is, the blood pressure of the brachial fossa, which is an indirect measurement of the blood pressure of the aorta.
(3) occasionally measure blood pressure. The blood pressure measured by the subject without any preparation.
(4) ambulatory blood pressure. Dynamic blood pressure recorder is used to measure people's blood pressure at certain intervals within 24 hours day and night. Ambulatory blood pressure includes systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and their highest and lowest values.
(5) hypertension. Abnormal elevation of arterial blood pressure.
(6) systolic blood pressure. When the ventricle contracts, the aortic pressure rises sharply and reaches the highest value in the middle of contraction. The arterial blood pressure at this time is called systolic blood pressure, also known as "high pressure".
(7) Diastolic pressure. When the ventricle relaxes, the aortic pressure drops, and the lowest value of arterial blood pressure at the end of diastole is called diastolic pressure, also known as "low pressure".
(8) Pulse pressure. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
(9) Mean arterial pressure. The average arterial blood pressure at each moment in the cardiac cycle is approximately equal to diastolic blood pressure plus 1/3 pulse pressure.
(10) kPa. kPa, usually used to indicate blood pressure.
(1 1) mmhg. mmhg, when people measure blood pressure with a mercury sphygmomanometer, the height of the mercury column is "mmhg" to indicate the level of blood pressure.
1 mmhg = 0. 133 kPa
7.5 mm Hg = 1 kPa (kPa)
(12) ideal blood pressure. systolic pressure
(13) Normal blood pressure. shrinkage stress
(14) Normal hypertension or prehypertension. Systolic blood pressure 130 ~ 139 mmhg and/or diastolic blood pressure 85 ~ 89 mmhg.
(15) Hypertension. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ~ & gt90mmhg.
(16) borderline hypertension. Systolic blood pressure140 ~160mmhg (18.6 ~ 21.3kpa) and diastolic blood pressure 90 ~ 95mmhg (12.0 ~12.6kpa).
(17) creatinine. Metabolites of creatine in human body. The amount of creatine is directly proportional to the muscle volume, and it is produced at a steady rate. Creatine is released into the blood at a steady rate, brought to the kidney through blood circulation, and excreted from the urine. Long-term hypertension will damage renal function, thus reducing the excretion of creatinine by the kidneys and increasing creatinine in the blood.
(18) Echocardiography. Also called echocardiography, it can reflect whether the shape and activity of each valve are normal, the size and shape of each atrium and ventricle, the situation of large blood vessels around the heart, whether there is heart damage, pericardial effusion and cardiomyopathy caused by various congenital or rheumatic heart diseases, detect left ventricular hypertrophy caused by hypertension and evaluate cardiac function.
(19) Essential hypertension. Unexplained hypertension accounts for more than 90%, which is still difficult to cure but can be controlled. Also known as hypertension.
(20) Secondary hypertension. Also known as symptomatic hypertension. Because some diseases (kidney diseases, endocrine diseases such as adrenal tumor or hyperplasia, etc.) are produced during their development, after the primary disease is cured, the blood pressure will also drop, accounting for 5% ~ 10% of patients with hypertension.
(2 1) High altitude hypertension. People who live in plateau areas for a long time have increased blood pressure (especially diastolic blood pressure), but there is no other situation that leads to hypertension. After returning to the plain, blood pressure quickly returned to normal, which is called plateau hypertension.
(22) Sleep hypertension. Blood pressure will rise during or after sleep.
(23) Acute malignant hypertension. Include acute hypertension and malignant hypertension. Rapid hypertension refers to the rapid progress of the disease from the beginning, or the sudden rapid development after several years of slow process. Malignant hypertension is the most serious stage of rapidly progressive hypertension.
(24) Progressive hypertension. The onset is hidden, the disease develops slowly, and the course of disease is long, which can reach decades, and it is more common in people over 40 years old.
(25) Refractory hypertension. A small number of hypertensive patients' diastolic blood pressure continuously rises and remains above115mmhg (15.2kpa), which is called intractable hypertension.
(26) Hypertension in the elderly. Refers to the age above 65, and the blood pressure value exceeds the diagnostic standard of blood pressure for more than three times in a row on the same day, that is, systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure I >；; 90mmHg。
(27) Simple systolic hypertension. A person's diastolic blood pressure is not high, only the systolic blood pressure is beyond the normal range. 1999 the standard of isolated systolic hypertension stipulated by the world health organization is systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure.
(28) Renal vascular hypertension. Refers to the stenosis or occlusive disease of renal artery or its main branches caused by various reasons, resulting in decreased renal blood flow or hypertension caused by ischemia.
(29) Renal hypertension. Hypertension caused by renal vascular or parenchymal diseases, such as renal artery stenosis, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis and polycystic kidney disease.
(30) iatrogenic hypertension. Improper use of drugs by doctors causes patients' blood pressure to rise beyond the normal value, which is also called drug-induced hypertension.
(3 1) White coat hypertension. It refers to the phenomenon that when blood pressure is measured in a hospital or clinic environment, the individual's blood pressure rises, while the blood pressure is normal in other occasions. This is also defined as independent office hypertension to some extent.
(32) blood pressure disorder. It refers to a disease with the main symptom of paying too much attention to one's blood pressure, and it takes several times a day to measure blood pressure repeatedly to settle down.
(33) Hypertensive encephalopathy. Mainly on the basis of the original hypertension, the blood pressure suddenly increased, reaching 200 ~ 260 mmhg/140 ~180 mmhg. Lead to brain edema and increased intracranial pressure, and cause sudden changes in clinical syndrome.
(34) Hypertension crisis. On the basis of hypertension, peripheral arterioles temporarily contract strongly, leading to a sharp increase in blood pressure, which is a special clinical syndrome in the process of hypertension.
(35) strokes. Also known as stroke, medically known as cerebrovascular disease, it is divided into two categories, one is cerebral thrombosis and the other is cerebral hemorrhage. 86% of strokes are caused by high blood pressure.
(36) Transient ischemic attack (TIA). Also known as transient cerebral ischemia, commonly known as "mini-stroke", refers to the short-term (short-term) blood supply deficiency of carotid artery system, which leads to transient ischemia of brain tissue in the blood supply area and local neurological dysfunction, accompanied by corresponding symptoms and signs.
(37) Cerebral infarction (cerebral thrombosis). The arteries and blood vessels of the human brain are blocked for some reason, and the blood vessels are interrupted, which makes the brain tissue dominated by blood vessels lose blood supply and necrosis, resulting in corresponding clinical symptoms and signs, such as hemiplegia, hemianopia and aphasia.
(38) Cerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral arteries and blood vessels rupture and bleed for some reason, and blood flows into brain tissue to form hematoma, which also causes brain tissue necrosis, and can also produce symptoms and signs such as hemiplegia, hemianopia and aphasia.
(39) Hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia, also known as hyperlipidemia, refers to abnormal fat metabolism in the human body, which leads to the increase of blood lipid or the change of blood lipid level beyond the normal range.
(40) Hypercholesterolemia. Simple cholesterol (Tc) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) increased.
(4 1) mixed hyperlipidemia. Cholesterol and triglycerides have increased.
(42) heart. It consists of two heart pumps: the right heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation; The left heart transports blood to various organs of the human body. Each side of the heart consists of atria and ventricles.
Circulatory organ Including the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic system, which are interrelated to form a basically closed "management system".
(44) Cardiovascular system. A closed transportation system consisting of heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.
(45) coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary artery, that is, the blood vessel supplying the heart, has obvious atherosclerotic stenosis or obstruction, or on this basis, spasm and thrombosis cause partial or total obstruction of the lumen, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the coronary artery, myocardial ischemia or infarction necrosis. It is divided into asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden death.
(46) angina pectoris. Clinical syndrome caused by coronary insufficiency and acute myocardial ischemia and hypoxia.
(47) myocardial infarction. Myocardial ischemic necrosis, on the basis of coronary artery disease, leads to a sharp decrease or interruption of coronary blood supply, leading to severe and lasting acute ischemia of the corresponding myocardium.
(48) sudden death. He died of cardiac arrest.
(49) Renal failure. Also known as renal insufficiency, it refers to the progressive renal damage caused by various reasons, including hypertension, which makes the kidney unable to maintain its basic functions, such as the inability to excrete metabolic wastes and the inability to adjust the balance of water and salt. The clinical manifestations are oliguria, anuria and involvement of multiple systems.
(50) heart failure. Heart failure refers to a series of clinical symptoms and signs such as heart failure. Due to long-term overload or decreased myocardial contractility, the heart cannot discharge enough blood to meet the needs of tissue metabolism, resulting in insufficient perfusion of surrounding tissues and congestion of pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation. According to the urgency of the disease, it can be divided into acute and chronic heart failure (cHF). Chronic cardiac insufficiency is also called congestive heart failure. According to the location and clinical manifestations, it can be divided into left heart failure and right heart failure.
(5 1) arrhythmia. Abnormal heart frequency and rhythm. It is divided into slow type and fast type.
(52) antihypertensive drugs. Also known as antihypertensive drugs, they can be divided into six categories: ① diuretics; ② Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ③ Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker; 4B receptor blockers; ⑤ Calcium antagonist; ⑤ α receptor blocker.
(53) Compliance of drug treatment. Refers to whether patients with hypertension can insist on treatment and control their blood pressure according to the doctor's advice.
(54) receptor. Special biomolecules that can specifically bind to certain chemical substances (such as transmitters, regulators, hormones, etc.). ) and induce biological effects.
(55) Calcium antagonists. Drugs, also known as calcium channel blockers, can selectively block Ca2+ from entering cells through voltage-dependent calcium channels on cell membranes, thus reducing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, thus affecting cell function. They can dilate arteries, lower blood pressure and treat angina pectoris.
(56) diuretics. Drugs that act on the kidneys, increase electrolyte and water excretion, and increase urine output.
(57) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). It can inhibit the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), thus reducing the formation of angiotensin II.
(58) Gu Feng ratio of antihypertensive drugs (T/P ratio). The decrease value of the minimum drug action is divided by the decrease value of the maximum antihypertensive effect.
These terms are often mentioned, please understand for your own illness.