There are several understandings of this: the slogan and timetable of "banning the sale of fuel vehicles" are no longer emphasized, and the route of simultaneous development of energy-saving vehicles and new energy vehicles has replaced the comprehensive electrification that was adhered to in the past, while energy-saving vehicles include 48V, HEV, PHEV and other hybrid modes.
Regarding the adjustment of version 2.0, the industry predicts that the hybrid mode of Toyota and Honda will be more popular: the technology is mature, close to the traditional driving style, and the fuel economy has improved significantly. Honda Tian is actively promoting the listing of hybrid versions of all models, which is also proving this trend change.
However, people in the industry also found that plug-in hybrid has never been fully affirmed and valued, whether it is version 1.0 or version 2.0. Judging from the current sales volume of plug-in hybrids, license plate orientation and concerns about pure electric are still the biggest original intention of consumers to buy cars. In the mainstream family car market, only Buick and Toyota have performed well among the joint venture brands.
Can plug-in hybrid only be a policy product? What should an ideal plug-in hybrid vehicle look like?
Regarding plug-in hybrid power system, the industry usually divides the different working modes of engine and motor into series, parallel and series.
Parallel connection can be intuitively understood as the parallel connection of two groups of power supplies. In order to cope with stricter environmental regulations, car companies add a set of battery motors to the original internal combustion engine power system, giving up the most unstable and fuel-consuming working condition of the traditional internal combustion engine-starting acceleration, giving full play to the advantages of the maximum torque output of the motor, and in the case of high power, the motor and the engine can work together.
For car companies, parallel mode is the easiest to realize, and there is no need to greatly improve the original system. The mode of dual power sources can get the best fuel consumption data under the national fuel consumption test conditions. European car companies represented by Volkswagen and BMW tend to adopt parallel connection. However, because there are not many motor-driven working conditions in parallel system, and the weight of battery has become the burden of traditional internal combustion engine in most daily use scenarios, parallel system is also the one that most often gives consumers the impression that "plug-in and hybrid are not fuel-efficient".
The other is series connection, which can be understood as the deep combination of two power supplies. In the series system, the engine just pays silently behind, charging the battery, allowing the motor to drive the vehicle, and the engine no longer stands up to provide driving force. The advantage of this is to maximize the efficiency of the two power sources and improve fuel economy and driving quality. However, its shortcomings are also obvious. The engine does not directly participate in driving, but transfers energy to the battery motor and then outputs it, resulting in the secondary waste of energy conversion; Moreover, in the high-speed range, the advantages of motors are even worse than those of engines, which leads to the lack of high-speed power for most series cars and can only be popularized in small cars.
The purpose of hybrid technology is to make two or more power sources work in the best working range. However, whether in series or in parallel, there are compromises and sacrifices. Isn't there a plan to have your cake and eat it?
General Motors invested in the research and development of dual-mode hybrid gearbox for the first time in 1990s, which combined the characteristics and advantages of parallel connection and series connection in the same system. The purpose is to make the hybrid electric vehicle combine as many power source matching modes as possible under as many working conditions as possible to achieve the best efficiency.
But dual-mode or even multi-mode systems need more advanced power distribution structure, which is the famous power we see on universal Voltec. Power shunt system. The biggest feature of this system is that two sets of planetary gears and two driving motors are added to the gearbox, and the working combination of the engine and the two motors under different working conditions is distributed by the clutch. For example, when the power demand is high, motors with large power can participate in the drive; When the power demand is not so high, one motor is responsible for driving and one motor is responsible for speed regulation to ensure the best driving experience.
This set has power? Split's universal hybrid system was first applied to Chevrolet Volt in the United States, and its best performance in power performance and fuel economy has been verified by the market. It was not until the replacement of Toyota Prius that similar power splitting technology was added, which shows the advanced nature of universal dual-mode thinking.
This year, Buick is listed as Blue 6? PHEV adopts eMotion driving technology, which is the inheritance of general Voltec: two driving motors and two planetary gear sets. After years of technical innovation, the power split technology has been able to realize two power split modes of high speed and low speed and more than 65,438+00 working modes, and constantly adjust the matching combination of power sources at full speed to provide the best energy combination.
When the hybrid technology was first introduced, the original idea was to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction without completely changing the power source and usage habits. However, in the actual experience of consumers, it is found that whether in parallel or series system, there are always problems such as insufficient battery capacity to support performance requirements and insufficient engine displacement to meet power performance. If we want to combine the forces of the two factions, we must first ensure that the performance of the two power sources is uncompromising.
Engines used in plug-in hybrid vehicles need to save energy and reduce consumption first, such as Buick Light Blue 6? The 1.5L engine adopted by PHEV completely redesigned the intake manifold to improve the low-speed torque of the engine, expand the fuel economy zone of the engine, and keep the fuel consumption of the engine in a low range under various working conditions such as driving a vehicle and charging the motor. In addition, a large number of low-friction components can also achieve more efficient and smoother power output by reducing internal friction losses. As for Toyota Corolla/Lei Ling plug-in hybrid, it is an extension of the original dual-engine system and retains the pursuit of fuel economy.
However, in terms of power performance, Toyota's hybrid system has compromised. The acceleration of 100 kilometers is only 1 1.7 seconds, and Buick is slightly blue 6? The 100-kilometer acceleration of PHEV can be 8.6 seconds.
The second set of power comes from the battery, which is also the main source of power for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Regarding the choice of battery pack, car companies are often very cautious: from the manufacturer's level, this battery must reach the subsidy level in energy density; From the consumer's point of view, the battery energy density determines the weight, battery life and power consumption, which is finally reflected in the experience.
Buick light blue 6? PHEV uses a new generation of modular high-performance ternary lithium battery provided by LG Chem. It is composed of 104 batteries, with rated power of 9.5kWh, energy output 50% higher than that of ordinary lithium iron phosphate batteries, and battery energy density higher than the same level. The biggest feature of this battery technology is high integration, smaller size and larger capacity, and the unique chip heat dissipation technology of GM can accurately control the temperature of each battery to ensure the safety, stability and longer service life of this system.
With the cooperation of two sets of high-efficiency power supplies, micro blue 6? The cruising range of PHEV in pure electric mode is 60 kilometers. Toyota's plug-in batteries don't emphasize high efficiency too much. Equipped with 10.5kWh ternary lithium battery, with a pure battery life of 55km. Judging from the development of the industry this year, the plug-in pure battery life of 60 kilometers is the average level.
Consumers' misunderstanding of hybrid is partly due to the way of use: when users can't drive in hybrid mode for a long time, it is equivalent to a fuel truck dragging a large battery, and the fuel consumption naturally increases. This should not be the original intention of developing plug-in hybrid vehicles. In the choice of plug-in hybrid system, GM chose the hybrid with more advanced technology configuration because in GM's view, consumers should not only get lower fuel consumption, but also enjoy the more advanced driving experience brought by two power sources.
With Buick light blue 6? Taking PHEV as an example, EVT electronically controlled intelligent continuously variable gearbox not only has the advantage of smoother power connection, but also can flexibly realize multi-mode switching under the control of TPIM integrated drive power inverter module due to the unique design of dual-motor dual-planetary gear sets and power split technology, thus achieving more efficient torque output and faster power response. At present, this technology is only available to GM and Tesla, but in the China market, Buick Blue 6? PHEV brings this advanced technology to consumers.
Specific to the driving level, Buick Blue 6? PHEV can flexibly switch three driving modes by adjusting the control pedal, such as the normal mode suitable for urban working conditions and the normal pure electric movement in driving scenes with low power demand, giving drivers and passengers a feeling similar to the linear power output of electric vehicles, which is smooth and comfortable. Sports mode is applied to expressway and other modes that need stronger dynamic feedback, and the accelerator pedal is more sensitive; Locking mode is used to maintain power and achieve the purpose of more energy saving.
In the eyes of users, these are just three different driving modes, but in the driving system, it is adjusted by the combination of various power sources and working modes to maintain the most stable high-power output and discharge. Correspondingly, there are two kinetic energy recovery modes, which allow drivers to choose between performance and endurance.
Under the environment of energy saving, emission reduction and energy transformation, plug-in hybrid should be the most suitable transition scheme for car companies and consumers. The cooperation of the two power sources is not only to save fuel, but to optimize the driving experience in all directions. Aware of this, consumers can make the most suitable choice when purchasing.
Figure? |? From the network
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.