1June, 929, Deng Xiaoping, as a representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, went to Nanning to lead the Party's work in Guangxi. In August of the same year, according to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's instructions, Zhang arrived in Nanning from Shanghai via Hongkong and Guangzhou. During this period, Ye, Yuan Renyuan, Li, Yuan Zhenwu, Feng, etc. It was sent by the Central Committee.
After Zhang arrived in Nanning, he proposed to set up a teaching corps to train junior officers through party member Yu Zuobai (Yu Zuobai's younger brother, his cousin, and then the fifth battalion chief of Guangxi police). Adopted this suggestion, and immediately established the Guangxi Teaching Corps, with Zhang as the deputy director of the Teaching Corps.
The teaching corps has three battalions and nine companies, all of which are squad leaders and platoon leaders transferred from Li Mingrui troops. Later, party member, a worker and student, was sent by the local party organizations in Guangdong and Guangxi to be cadres in each company of the teaching corps, and secret party organizations were established in each company. At this point, the teaching corps * * has 1 10,000 people, and all the cadres of nine companies are party member. The platoon leader also selected students from the ideological revolution who were close to the production party. There are also some party member who work in the Corps Department in the name of teachers, and Yuan Renyuan is the political teacher of the Corps. A coaching team secretly controlled by * * * party member and forming the core of leadership was thus established.
Only two months after its establishment, the Teaching Corps secretly developed more than 300 students in party member, and Li Tianyou and Lu Shaowu also joined the * * * Production Party during this period. Due to the establishment of a secret party branch in the company, every party member can keep close contact with the masses and strive for more people to join the * * * production party, so that the influence of the revolution can quickly prevail in the whole team and strive for more people to stand in the revolutionary camp. It laid a good foundation for the formation of the fourth brigade later.
During this period, Zhang adopted the method of "drawing the tiger out of the mountain" to the politically reactionary old officers in the teaching team. He negotiated with Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui to give these old officers higher positions and let them specialize in military training. This method of promotion actually deprives these old officers of their command, alienates them from the masses, and prevents their reactionary thoughts from influencing the masses, let alone using their command to hinder the party's leadership over the masses.
More than a month after the establishment of the teaching corps, Zhang also served as the captain of the fourth brigade of Guangxi police through the activities of the party. The Fourth Garrison Brigade is a team organized by bandits, vigilantes and stragglers after Li Mingrui came to Guangxi. This team is complex and poorly disciplined. Zhang was appointed as the captain of the Fourth Garrison Brigade, because he knew that during the Great Revolution, Zhang had served as a teacher in the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army. The Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army is a well-known army with strict military discipline and strong combat effectiveness. Li Mingrui also knew, of course, that the morale of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army was high because of party member's political work in the army. Therefore, I want to use Zhang to help him transform the Fourth Guard Brigade.
When discussing the transformation of the fourth garrison brigade with Zhang, Zhang put forward two conditions: first, this unit is too poor. If Zhang wants to be a captain, he must nominate an effective vice captain to assist him; Second, resolute and rapid measures must be taken in the transformation work. Although he knew that Zhang's so-called "measures" were political work in the army, he still agreed to Zhang's two conditions.
Zhang immediately reported the conversation with the Central Party Organization. * * * The Central Committee decided to send Li Xi as deputy brigade commander. Zhang, after arriving at the Fourth Brigade, mobilized officers and soldiers and the masses to expose the crimes of corruption and maltreatment of soldiers by officers. Once launched, the soldiers and the masses resolutely struggled and unanimously demanded that those reactionary officers be severely punished. Zhang immediately punished two battalion commanders who were exposed by soldiers. Another battalion commander was exposed. Because he is Li Mingrui's cousin, for strategic reasons, he will not be punished for the time being. Officers and men at or above the company level were fired with indignation, while others were sent to the training team as trainees for education and reform. Then about 100 * * party member will be sent from the coaching staff as platoon leader. * * * party member Fulu and He served as battalion commanders of two battalions respectively; Even the officers below are almost all party member. At this point, the fourth garrison brigade has been basically controlled by the party organization. After that, the army was reorganized, revolutionary education was carried out, and a large number of workers, peasants and students were recruited to join the army. In just over a month, the army has expanded from 1000 to more than 2,000, and its discipline and mental outlook have taken on a new look.
1August, 929, Zhang's fellow countryman Yun Guangying learned that Zhang was carrying out revolutionary activities in Nanning. He went to Nanning to find Zhang and asked to take part in the revolution. Yun Guangying said: "I came to Nanning this time to ask you to guide me to participate in the revolution. I am determined to carry out the revolution to the end, I am not afraid of any difficulties! " Zhang is pleased to welcome this fellow countryman to participate in the revolution. He said to Yun Guangying, "Only by participating in the revolution can young people have a way out." A week later, Zhang instructed party member Chen (Zhang Ren), who works in the police station, to recommend Yun Guangying as a document to the Political Department of the 15th Military Division. Chen Heyun Guangying took advantage of the opportunity of carrying out the work of transporting soldiers to introduce Lin Qing, Lin Zhen and other fellow villagers to Zhang Shenjun.
During September 1929, Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui conspired against Chiang Kai-shek before the Guangxi regime was consolidated.
The war between Chiang Kai-shek and Guangxi has brought about new changes in Guangxi's political situation. The central government decided to strengthen the leadership in Youjiang area. In September, Lei et al. were sent to Youjiang to set up the CPC Youjiang Special Committee, with Lei as its secretary. At that time, the Youjiang Special Committee was located in Tiandong, Youjiang. Under the leadership of the Special Committee, trade unions and peasant associations were restored in Youjiang area. The mass armed struggle in the counties along the Youjiang River and the mass armed struggle led by Wei Baqun echoed each other with great momentum.
Yu Zuobai and hurriedly led an army to attack Chen, a Guangdong warlord who was pro-Chiang. At this time, Li Mingrui came to Guangxi for a short time, and his foothold was unstable. Moreover, the main force is only three divisions, and the internal forces are inconsistent, and the political and economic foundation is very weak. The Guangxi Party Organization, Zhang and others estimated that Yu and Li failed to attack the Chenhui in Guangdong, and decided to take advantage of the warlord melee to boldly develop revolutionary forces. Zhang excused the coaching staff, the Fourth Brigade and the Fifth Brigade from training well, and suggested not to take these three teams to Guangdong to fight, but to stay in the rear of Guangxi. After Zhang's repeated insistence, Yu and Li finally agreed to keep the Teaching Corps, the Fourth Brigade and the Fifth Brigade in Guangxi (but the Teaching Corps transferred more than 300 people to each division). He also ordered Zhang to defend Nanning.
After Yu and Li led his troops into Guangdong, Zhang and others decided that the fourth brigade would send a battalion to Youjiang area, the fifth brigade would send a battalion to Zuojiang area and the rest would stay in Nanning. At the same time, Zhang took over the Guangxi Arsenal by taking advantage of the authority of Nanning garrison commander. There are five or six thousand rifles, mountain guns, mortars, machine guns, radios and mountains of ammunition in the armory.
Zhang also mobilized the steamboat to dock at the Yongjiang River for standby, while preparing for various emergencies in the army, and at the same time cooperating with local organizations to mobilize the masses to make coordination preparations.
Yu and Li lost faster than Zhang and others expected. It turns out that teachers such as Yang Tenghui, Huang Quan and Lu Huanyan, the three divisions in Li Mingrui, have long been dissatisfied. As soon as the troops arrived in Guiping, they immediately defected and took all three divisions and spy battalions to surrender. Yu and Li only had a few horses left and ran away. Only 17 days before and after, Yu and Li ended their military action against Chiang Kai-shek. After they hurried back to Nanning, they hid in Zuojiang.
When Zhang and other local party organizations in Guangxi heard the news ahead, they immediately organized a large number of troops and migrant workers according to the original decision, moved the guns and ammunition in the armory to the steamboat docked in Yongjiang in advance, and prepared to retreat to Youjiang.
After learning that Li Mingrui and Yu Zuobai fled to Zuojiang, Deng Xiaoping led the Party Committee and a group of comrades who did secret work to leave Nanning by water to command the ordnance ship and the security forces. On the other hand, Zhang set out to arrange troops to retreat from land to meet Youjiang and.
Just as Zhang arranged for the troops to retreat to Youjiang, the news of Jiang's failure caused an uproar in the coaching staff. Most students are transferred from three main departments. When they heard that the troops had defected, they all clamored to return to their original troops. Some bad elements also took advantage of the chaos to encourage, and the agitation became louder and louder.
At this critical juncture, the underground party organization of the training team called the branch secretaries and players of each company overnight to study countermeasures, and decided to divide the troops into many groups the next day. One party member in each group fought against the reactionaries, exposed the reactionary nature of the surrenders in front of the masses, resolutely opposed the shameful surrender, and isolated the reactionaries who advocated surrender from the masses. At the same time, tell the masses about the bright future of the revolution and strive for the majority to stand on the side of the revolution. After a day of repeated arguments, most people recognized right and wrong and expressed their willingness to follow Zhang to Youjiang for revolution. But some people still insist on leaving.
In the afternoon, Zhang called all the students in the teaching team. He said to the students: "Some students still have to leave, which is ok. Our revolutionary army is made up of people with revolutionary consciousness. Now stand in a row, those who are willing to go to Youjiang with us to continue the revolution, stand here and those who are willing to surrender to the reactionaries, stand over there! " The team immediately dispersed, and most people crowded to the side of Zhang Revolution to point fingers. Those reactionary officers. Soldiers of fortune and bad elements stand on the other side. Some people hesitated, and many party member and progressive students shouted their names: "Come here!" "Small steps, regret. See the future clearly and don't be a reactionary! " Those who hesitated and even stood there came to the side of the revolution. According to the final statistics, there are more than 500 people in the coaching staff who are willing to follow Zhang to Youjiang, and about 100 people are determined to leave.
The next day, the teaching team specially held a farewell party to educate the surrendered personnel for the last time. One by one, the students took the stage to speak. Some students said, "We are all classmates and a family. If you work there and we work here, we should try our best to benefit the working people instead of fighting for the promotion and wealth of warlords. After Zhang's farewell dinner, he ordered people to leave all the guns of the people who were leaving, and paid the money to send them away. "。 Subsequently, Zhang led the teaching team and the fourth brigade to set off as planned.
Deng Xiaoping led comrades and security forces of Guangxi Party Committee and local secret work to sail back to Youjiang by boat. Zhang led the teaching corps and the fourth brigade to advance by land cover.
The teaching team and the four battalions marched for several days and arrived in Tiandong Town via Enlong. After the troops arrived in Tiandong, the Youjiang Special Committee changed from a secret working state to an open state.
Shortly after the troops led by Zhang arrived in Tiandong Town, the ordnance ship also arrived. Later, Ye Ling led a young comrade in his twenties who Zhang didn't know to the headquarters of the Fourth Brigade.
Ye Xiang Zhang said: "This is a comrade!"
"oh! You are Deng Xiaoping! " Zhang clasped hands happily. They haven't met before. But for three or four months in a row, they kept in touch through underground secret traffic and discussed every detail of the uprising.
Lei, secretary of Youjiang Special Committee, and others also came to the fourth brigade headquarters. Deng Xiaoping said to everyone: We will go to Baise tomorrow and take most of the ordnance with us. At present, all the heavy weapons and ammunition that are not used are evacuated to Donglan and Tiandong Mountain for preservation.
The next day, the troops set out with the Special Committee, walked for two days, and arrived in Baise in late June 10.
192910/kloc-0 on October 22nd, Deng Xiaoping held a party committee meeting in Baise, and decided several things: First, publicly publicize the opinions of the * * * production party among the troops and the masses, and widely mobilize the masses. Second, rectify and supplement the army, implement equality between officers and men, set up soldiers' committees, oppose the warlord system, and oppose corruption and abuse of soldiers. Third, organize and arm the masses, and distribute guns to the masses through local party organizations to counter hegemony. Fourth, continue to eliminate counter-revolutionaries in the army.
The meeting also studied the issue of taxation. The fourth brigade cannot command the local government, but it must have an open administrative name in order to obtain taxes and raise funds for the uprising. So everyone thought that the old government originally had Youjiang Inspector and Zuojiang Inspector, so they decided to use the old inspector title and announced that Zhang was Youjiang Inspector and Yu Zuoyu was Zuojiang Inspector. Youjiang area is relatively rich, especially tobacco tax is more considerable. In the name of the Youjiang army, Zhang immediately informed the county heads and tax collectors of Youjiang counties to pay all taxes and prepare funds for the armed uprising.
Some local tyrants colluded with the Guangxi Police Third Brigade and invited them to enter Youjiang to deal with the anti-hegemony struggle carried out by local party organizations and the masses. Zhang and the Fourth Brigade learned this information and made arrangements in advance. Zhang sent someone to contact, pretending to welcome the three guards.
1000 1000 On October 28th, the Third Guard1000 people entered Baise, that is, they were ambushed by the fourth battalion in Zhang. Except for a few reactionaries, all the rest 1000 people were captured. In this ambush, more than 700 guns were seized without firing a shot. Clear the way for the baise uprising.
Later, the Central Committee approved Zhang's report on the uprising and instructed them to establish base areas and the Red Army in Zuoyou and Youjiang areas. * * * The Central Committee named this rebel army He Qi. Zhang served as commander of the Seventh Army, political commissar and secretary of the front committee of the Seventh Army. Declare an uprising when everything is ready.
After receiving instructions from the central authorities about the uprising, he Zhang decided to spend 40 days preparing for the uprising. At the same time, Deng Xiaoping went to Zuojiang to work for Yu Zuoyu.
According to the decision of the Party Committee, Zhang organized the troops into three columns. The original four brigades were organized as the first column, with Li Qian as the column commander and Shen Jingzhai as the director of the political department. The former machine gun battalion, spy battalion and local armed forces in Lin Si, Fengyi and En dragon three counties were co-edited as the second column, with Hu Bin as the commander and Yuan Renyuan as the director of the political department. The local armed forces in Donglan and Fengshan led by Wei Baqun were organized as the third column, with Wei Baqun as the commander of the column and Li Pu as the director of the political department. The strength of a column is equivalent to a large regiment, and later it was changed to three divisions: 19, 20, 2 1. At the same time, the teaching corps was expanded, and classes, platoon leaders and good soldier were transferred from various columns and local armed forces for training, so as to train junior cadres. At this time, the composition of the army has undergone great changes. Only one thousand soldiers came from the old army, and the rest were farmers, workers and progressive students in Youjiang. The military department has also established various institutions. Everything is ready.
192965438+February 1 1 On the second anniversary of the Guangzhou Uprising, Zhang announced the Uprising in Baise, Youjiang, and announced the serial number of He Qijun. He Qijun's cadres and soldiers each received a new gray uniform with a red five-pointed star on the brim. At the same time, every soldier from the commander down received the first month's salary-20 silver dollars.
On this day, at the same time, the Youjiang Soviet government was proclaimed in Tiandong. With the cooperation of peasant armed forces led by Wei Baqun, the baise uprising was successfully held. Urban and rural farmers in Youjiang county warmly celebrate the birth of Youjiang Soviet government and royal army. Zhang led his soldiers to Tiandong Town to attend the celebration. In the square north of Tiandong Town, Red Army soldiers lined up in front of the rostrum. Farmers beat gongs and drums; Women and children dressed in red and green came from hundreds of miles away to take part in the celebration. The square was crowded with thousands of people. Red flags are like the sea, and cheers are like thunder. There are also various cultural activities in the square, such as performing and singing folk songs.
All day, people in Youjiang are immersed in carnival. The Soviet government of Youjiang county hosted a banquet for representatives from other counties to participate in the celebration.
In the afternoon, when Zhang and his army soldiers returned to Baise on a steamboat covered with red flags of sickles and hammers, all the farmers along the coast flocked to the river from the boiling village. Farmers beat gongs and drums, held high the red flag and cheered on the boat: "Long live the * * * Production Party! Long live the Soviet Union! " The people on board also waved red flags and shouted slogans to the people on the shore. In the middle of the river, the slogans merged into a huge voice. On this day, Wan Li was clear, the sun was shining and the red flag was fluttering. Many Red Army soldiers who participated in the uprising shed tears with excitement.
Yun Guangying, who was in charge of the military movement, immediately rented a wooden boat with Chen and rushed to Baise. When they arrived in Baise, just after the celebration, they found Zhang. When Zhang saw Yun Guangying, he held his hand tightly and said, "Your wish to take part in the revolution has come true. It's a heavy task to assign you to the military management department. You should work hard to ensure the supply of the whole army. "
In this way, he quickly and smoothly established.
After the foundation, Yu Zuobai fled to Hong Kong. After several setbacks, Li Mingrui turned to the revolutionary camp under the influence of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Later, he joined the China * * * Production Party and became a staunch revolutionary.
1February, 930, the Fifth Garrison Brigade led by Yu Zuoyu also announced an uprising in Zuojiang and established the Red Eighth Army. Yu Zuoyu is the commander, Deng Xiaoping is the political commissar, and He Shichang is the director of the political department. Li Mingrui was appointed commander-in-chief of the 7th and 8th armies.
After the establishment of Gongba Army, it effectively coordinated the revolutionary struggle in Youjiang area, but it was quickly hit by Liang Chaoji of Li Zongren Department. The Red Eighth Army fought bravely, and finally suffered a serious defeat because of the disparity between the enemy and the enemy and the poor foundation of the uprising troops. Finally, under the leadership of Yuan Zhenwu and others, there were only a few hundred people left in the Gongba Army. They moved to Youjiang to join the Qigong Army and were incorporated into the Qigong Army.
1930 February, Guangxi warlords mobilized a large number of troops to attack Youjiang area. Zhang, led the troops in Longan, Tingsi, was hit hard by the enemy. In April and May, he led He Jun 1 and 2 columns to the border of Jiangxi and Guizhou to fight guerrillas and capture Rongjiang City in Guizhou. In June, Zhang et al. led his troops to Lebanon Youjiang, recovered Baise, and liberated Enlong and et al. counties along Youjiang River. The Front Committee of the Seventh Army decided to carry out the construction of base areas centered on the agrarian revolution in Youjiang area.
In September of the same year, representatives of the Central South Bureau went to Youjiang to convey the Political Bureau of the Central Committee's June resolution 1 1, and ordered it to take Liuzhou, Guilin and Guangzhou.
1June, 930, ordered to go north. The army has experienced many battles, such as fighting Huaiyuan, the Fourth Army, Chang 'an and Wugang City. In the towns heavily guarded by the enemy for many times, due to the disparity between the enemy and the enemy, he suffered heavy losses and great losses in strength.
193165438+1At the beginning of October, he invaded the counties of Quanzhou. The military front Committee held a meeting in Quanzhou. Zhang, Zhang, and most comrades of the Front Committee summed up the lessons of several months and decided to cancel this risky siege. Subsequently, He Qijun's front committee led his troops to join the Central Red Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De along the border of Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong.
At the beginning of February, 2008, when crossing the river in Lechang County, Guangdong Province, after leading the vanguard troops 193 1 troops to cross the river, the enemy blocked the ferry with intensive mortar and machine gun fire, cutting off the contact between the 58th regiment of the follow-up troops and the troops directly under Zhang. At this time, if you risk crossing the river, you will inevitably encounter painful failure. At this critical moment, Zhang galloped to the ferry and took out his telescope to observe the enemy. He made a decisive decision and ordered Yunguangying to take some ammunition and funds, take the last wooden boat and take a small number of fighters across the river to ensure the supply of the vanguard troops. While ordering the follow-up troops to stop crossing the river and retreat quickly. Zhang led the 58th regiment and its directly affiliated troops to bypass the river and March to Chongyi Soviet area on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi.
After Yun Guangying led his team to cross the river, he caught up with the vanguard troops and conveyed Zhang's instructions. Deng Xiaoping and Li Mingrui led 55 delegations to Chongyi in southern Jiangxi. Team Zhang, Team Zhang and Team Zhang meet in Yongxin, Gannan. After joining forces with the Central Red Army, he smashed the enemy's second "encirclement and suppression" in the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet area, and then advanced to the Central Soviet area.
1931July joined forces with the Central Red Army at Qiaotouwei, Yudu County. Soon, Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De met with Zhang and Zhang, the leader of Hejijun.
Subsequently, Zhang and He Qijun led the officers and men to participate in the third counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression". After the battle, he was formally incorporated into the Red Army Corps.
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With the implementation of "Administrative Licensing Law" and the promulgation of "Implementing Outline of Comprehensively Promo