There is no road in west Zhou Youwang, which led to the palace being cleaned.

Emperor Gaozu's 300,000 troops were trapped in Deng Bai for seven days, and only by bribing the magic capital E Shi could they survive.

Emperor Huai of the Western Jin Dynasty was captured by Huns, the emperor surrendered and the Western Jin Dynasty ended. The first dynasty to be wiped out by foreigners.

Shi Jingtang is willing to be the "child emperor"

Song Dynasty was defeated by Jin Yuan many times.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese conquered the southeast of China. Except for the mainland, other islands have been included in the territory by Japan so far.

Ming dynasty was destroyed by the end of Jin dynasty, "leave your head without hair, leave your hair without head."

All kinds of shameful events in modern times, ashamed to say ...!

The quality of contemporary China people is despised by foreigners, so that overseas Chinese are ashamed to admit that they are from China.

Yuanmingyuan Incident and Nanjing Massacre

Ranked fifth and fifth at random

This is the first time that China suffered a large-scale invasion from foreign countries. The royal family moved south, and the people in the Central Plains suffered from tea charcoal. This is also the first confrontation between the north and the south in history. As a result, the ancient civilization of China came to an end from Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties through the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Even the ethnic composition has changed a lot. This is a turning point in the process of civilization. From the Eight Kings Rebellion to the Sui Wendi's destruction of Chen and the unification of China, ethnic vendettas and court coups have emerged one after another in the past 300 years, and the history is brutal and cruel. At first, those nomads tried their best to oppress and insult the Han nationality. In modern times, we are called "lazy people, lazy people" and so on, which were handed down from that era. The "Tian Han" admired by foreigners has long been replaced by "lazy people, lazy people" What a shame. This also led to the Ran Min uprising. Fortunately, the sky will not destroy our China. Because of the blood and heroic resistance of the people of China at that time, foreign nations faced up to us China people again, which led to the so-called "China". Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Empress Dowager of Civilization only reformed. Only then did the cultural integration with Chinese civilization begin. Before that, I don't know how many people died. However, compared with later Manchu Mongolia, Xianbei nobles were broad-minded and far-sighted. They inherited the essence of China, while maintaining their national advantages. At the same time, they imported Buddhist civilization and created a reformed civilization-ancient civilization in China. However, after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China's ancient civilization inherited part of the essence and had many unique things, but it still disappeared. For example, there are many splendid ancient myths. Let's look at many allusions and nouns in Chu Ci now. There is also the method of making the sword and the "kendo" it carries, which was slowly lost in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Because nomads don't fight with swords. Japan developed gradually from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties through study and absorption, and now it has become their "national quintessence". Now we can only imagine this fantastic weapon through historical facts and fictional martial arts stories before Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Ranked fourth, the second opium war

I have always had a question. According to high school history books, the war was waged because Britain and France wanted to gain greater benefits in China. I have also read a lot of materials, and there is nothing about opium in them. So why is it called the Second Opium War? First, let's look at the first opium war. In fact, this is a trade war. It is for the British to gain trade rights, that is, for trade equality, not to buy opium for the government, nor to legally sell opium. To put it bluntly, opium is just a source. Not opium, but something else. In order to make our country more moral, our history books specifically call this war the Opium War. The purpose of the Second Opium War was the same, just asking the Qing government to open more deeply and give them MFN treatment. Since there is an opium war with the same purpose, let's call it the second opium war, which is a moral victory. Because at first glance, it sounds like two wars of open drug trafficking.

The reason for this is that after the First Opium War, the Qing government adopted the tactics of serving the sun and disobeying the yin, which violated the contract and secretly stopped the trade with Europe, making the trade between Britain and France impossible. Britain and France became angry from embarrassment and found two ways to go to war. Thus forcing the Qing government to sign the Tianjin Treaty. It was supposed to stop here. Emperor Xianfeng couldn't stand it anymore. He thought it had damaged China's face and instructed the green-hearted monk to ambush the British and French envoys who came to Dagukou to exchange contracts. Many people died on the spot, which is also a great victory in high school history books. More than a dozen envoys who went to negotiate were detained. The Qing court believed that as long as the bandits were caught, the rest of the troops would surrender without fighting. In this way, Britain and France landed and went straight to Beijing to kill. Xianfeng fled to Jehol, and only a few detained messengers were alive. Later, as we all know, Britain and France burned the Yuanmingyuan in order to demonstrate to the Qing government.

This war is a great shame. There are two aspects: on the one hand, the British and French allied forces are extremely cruel, and the people in the capital have been slaughtered in countless ways. The Yuanmingyuan and Wanshou Park (the predecessor of the Summer Palace), which were built in the Qing Dynasty with the essence of the people for hundreds of years, were burned down. What is even more distressing is that it is stored in two gardens, and most of the ancient calligraphy, painting, antiques and porcelain collected by the Qing emperors from the people are fine works. Many national treasures lost overseas in China now belong to Yuanmingyuan. There are also a large number of handicrafts from Kangxi to Xianfeng, which cost nothing. To be honest, I don't like the architecture and handicrafts of the Qing Dynasty, especially furniture, decorations and clothes, although they are exquisitely made. Among them, the Forbidden City is the epitome, and most of the buildings inside are from the Qing Dynasty. It can be described as vulgar, and it is not comparable to the atmosphere of the Han Dynasty, the grandeur of the Tang Dynasty, the elegance of the Song Dynasty and the simplicity of the Ming Dynasty. ) But they are all national treasures after all. After this burning, it can be described as a catastrophe of Chinese civilization.

The second aspect: the sneak attack and seizure of British and French envoys were extremely bad-faith, which made China a barbaric and faithless country in the eyes of foreigners. Even worse after winning, still vulnerable. It's a shame to negotiate at last. Therefore, the Second Opium War was a disgrace in many aspects, some of which were done by ourselves. Of course, Britain and France are not good people, but the sneak attack and seizure of ministers are also part of the stimulus. In short, the sharp decline in the impression of China in the West began here.

The Sino-Japanese War ranked third.

Needless to say, this is a well-known shame. But what scares me is that before the war, Japan was actively preparing for war. Up to the royal family, Emperor Meiji went on a diet and the empress sold jewelry. Down to the common people, prostitutes donate money to sell themselves, and soldiers only eat two meals a day because of the emperor. They consciously only eat one meal and desperately save money to buy Yoshino. At that time, the slogan of Meiji was that Gou Jian, the King of Yue, could eat his bread and taste his courage, and he could do it. This reminds me of an apple story in the Chinese language books of primary schools during the period of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea.

After the First World War, Japan's small gangs rose rapidly, while the old empire accelerated its decline. However, the reform of the Qing court failed miserably, and some China people woke up and found that the only way to save China was to overthrow the Qing law. Later, the Reform Movement of 1898, the Boxer Rebellion and the so-called "New Deal" of the Qing court. Finally, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and overthrew the Manchu dynasty. To be honest, I think improvement is better than revolution, and gradual progress is always more stable and acceptable than mutation. However, the nobles in the Qing Dynasty were ignorant of the past, narrow-minded, short-sighted and obsessed with interests, which was unparalleled. The Revolution of 1911 was really a last resort. It is the most in line with the standards of the Tang and Wu revolutions.

On another digression, I always feel that the countries around China, which are deeply influenced by China culture, will intensify their insults and aggression against China when China is weak, and these countries have long looked to China to study China in depth. Influenced by western culture in modern times, it is quite difficult for China to deal with these countries. For example, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia and so on. There is also an area in Taiwan Province Province.

Ranked second in the national disaster.

From 65438 to 0644, Chinese civilization became extinct. The only thing left is the 400-year-old Tatar civilization. Today, in the eyes of China people and foreigners, Chinese civilization is the Tatar civilization. This is due to Zhang Yimou's films, numerous Qing Dynasty dramas and Tang costumes. But it is here that we broke off relations with the real Chinese civilization. It is true that the development of Chinese civilization to the end of the Ming Dynasty was problematic, and the problem was very serious. The demise of the Ming Dynasty is an example. Although there is providence, such as drought for fifteen years in a row. As a result, the drought in the central plains was everywhere, and no grain was harvested. This led to a crackdown on Li Zicheng. But man-made disasters are also fatal. Zhu Ming has always been unkind and unkind. Chongzhen is headstrong, and Nanming is in conflict. The centralized society has reached a dead end. However, it has reached the edge of change. Although the internal improvement and reform are still immature, stimulated by the demise of the Ming Dynasty, there are still many reflections in the early Qing Dynasty, but it has already begun to brighten up.

It is not impossible to inject heroic blood like Sui and Tang Dynasties. But history has chosen the worst outcome. Li Zicheng and Zhang are only equivalent to Huang Chao, and the result is certain. However, China will be divided once at most, and the world has not yet died. At most, the folk prescription of the Southern Ming Dynasty was another confrontation between the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Song and Jin Dynasties. At least it saved Chinese civilization. But it was sheer luck that Manchu entered the customs. After entering the customs, on the one hand, he is extremely arrogant, on the other hand, he is extremely inferior. Arrogance and inferiority complement each other, so after a series of bloody measures, Chinese civilization was destroyed by them. Until now, there is a saying that China before the Song Dynasty can see China before.

Ranked first, it is difficult to be healthy.

This is the most shameful page in China's history. When the nomads from Japan invaded Tokyo, except one of the Zhao and Song royal families, the rest were all Northern Expedition. The prince who escaped by luck was, while countless bureaucrats and their families were Northern Expedition, and most of them were sold as domestic slaves. Some prostitutes in low-level brothels turned out to be the prime minister's daughters. The cultural loss is immeasurable. Jin people were very savage in the Jingkang era, killing everyone and robbing everyone. The cultural wealth accumulated in the Song Dynasty was burned and robbed, which was also a catastrophe of Chinese civilization. This is also the foreshadowing of China being overtaken or even backward by the West.

It is also the cause of various historical tragedies later. More sadly, the later Ming Dynasty did not inherit the brilliant achievements of the Song Dynasty, which led to the national disaster in Shen Jia and the demise of China. At that time, Japanese culture changed from worship to reflection on Chinese civilization. By the way, sumo, tea ceremony, flower arrangement, polo and many other cultures and arts disappeared at that time.

The prosperity of the motherland

Over the past 25 years, the average annual growth rate of China's GDP has remained at around 10%, which is twice that of low-and middle-income countries and three times that of high-income countries.

As a result of this rapid growth, the proportion of China in the world economy rose from 3.4% in 1980 to 15.4% in 2005, while the proportion of the United States remained at 2 1%, while the proportion of EU countries decreased from 29% to 2 1%.

In terms of energy, it should be emphasized that between 1990 and 2006, China's primary energy and coal consumption doubled and oil consumption tripled. Compared with the overall level of the world, this growth rate is amazing. Oil consumption has increased from 2.32 million barrels per day to 7.44 million barrels, even far exceeding the consumption of India, another emerging power. The growth of China's energy consumption is higher than the overall level of OECD, and three quarters of the world's coal consumption growth is related to China.

As for other raw materials, China is a net importer of metals such as iron, zinc, lead, copper and nickel, and the consumption of these five metals in China accounts for 15%-33% of the world consumption.

China has become a big country with foreign exchange reserves. In mid-2007, China's foreign exchange reserves reached US$ 65,438 +0.4 trillion, far exceeding that of Japan.

The foreign direct investment of enterprises in China increased from $830 million in 1990 to $0/300 million in 2005.

The number of China people traveling abroad has greatly increased, from 4.5 million in 1995 to 310 million in 2005.

Mid-and long-term prospects: advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages are:

1. Clearly integrated into the world economy. In 2005, foreign direct investment reached $72.4 billion, compared with $6.6 billion in India.

2. Modern infrastructure in big cities and special economic zones. The proportion of asphalt roads in China is 79.5%, Japanese 77.7%, Indian 62.6% and American 58.8%. In recent years, China has invested a lot of money in highways, airports, seaports and energy distribution, and China has a large number of fixed and mobile phone users.

3. Create a large number of jobs. Due to the rapid industrialization and the flexibility of the job market, from 65438 to 0999-2003, the employed population in China accounted for 76.4% of the total population, while that in Viet Nam was 73.4% and that in Indonesia was 62.5%.

4. Healthy macroeconomic indicators and increasingly detailed economic policies have enabled China to maintain a reasonable macroeconomic stability. In 2006, China had a slight budget deficit (equivalent to 0.4% of GDP), an important current account surplus (8.6% of GDP), an inflation rate of 1.5%, foreign debt of $323 billion, foreign exchange reserves of over $1 trillion and foreign direct investment of $72.4 billion.

The rapid improvement of social indicators has given the government a certain prestige. The poverty-stricken population in China decreased from 63.8% in 198 1 year to 6.6% in 2006, and the life expectancy increased from 63 years in 1970- 1975 to 2000-2005.

6. Successful economic reform strategy. The characteristics of gradualism and continuity have made great achievements in the reform. There is no reason to think that the China administration will deviate from this path in the coming decades.

Disadvantages:

1. Population aging. This phenomenon will surely make China get old before he gets rich. The low birth rate has led to a rapid increase in the population over 65 in China. It is estimated that the proportion of the elderly population will increase from 7.6% in 2005 to 13.7% in 2025. Due to the rapid decrease of population below 15, the dependency ratio (the ratio of population aged 0- 14 and over 65 to population aged 15-64) is 67% in 1980 and will reach 38% in 20 10. Another influence of the aging population is that the relative proportion of the working-age population (15-64 years old) began to decline from 20 10, and the absolute number of this population began to decline from 20 15.

2. Over-industrialization has a negative impact on the development of knowledge economy, because knowledge economy depends more on the positive development of service industry. In 2005, the secondary industry accounted for 46% of China's GDP (28% in India, 4 1% in South Korea and 3 1% in Japan), so China should increase the relative proportion of service industry (currently 42% in GDP).

3. Excessive dependence on foreign capital. In 2005, the proportion of foreign direct investment in the total fixed capital formation was 9.2% (4.0% in the United States, 3.5% in India and 3. 1% in South Korea), and the proportion of foreign direct investment in GDP was 14.3% (13.0% in the United States, 8.0% in South Korea). The high dependence on foreign direct investment makes China's economy more vulnerable in the face of changes in the international strategy of multinational enterprises.

Dependence on energy, especially on oil, is increasing. According to the figures of the International Energy Agency, China's oil demand will increase from 6.2 million barrels per day in 2004 to100000 barrels in 2006 and reach13100000 barrels in 2030. Due to the stagnation of domestic oil production, the proportion of pure imports in consumption will rise from 43.5% in 2004 to 68.0% in 20 15.

5. Serious environmental problems. Desertification, land degradation, river, ocean and air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and loss of ecological diversity are the results of rapid industrialization, disrespect for the environment and persistent poverty in coastal areas. For example, the pollution of rivers and lakes is very serious, especially in the northern region, which makes it difficult for at least 60 million people to get enough drinking water. In terms of air quality, among the 20 most polluted cities in the world, China accounts for 16. The foreseeable increase in the number of cars will undoubtedly aggravate the air pollution in big cities. The extensive use of high-sulfur and low-quality coal has affected 30% of the land by acid rain, and the soil erosion caused by deforestation has also made the flood increasingly serious.