Information about shenzhou spaceship Shenzhou? The manned spacecraft is 8.86 meters long, with a maximum diameter of 2.8 meters and a total weight of 7790 kilograms. In terms of configuration, it consists of orbital module, return module, propulsion module and an additional part. Is it typical? No.3 cabin 1? Type structure. The whole spacecraft can be divided into 13 different subsystems by function. This 13 subsystem is named after its functions, namely: payload, structure and mechanism, thermal control, guidance navigation and control, propulsion, power supply, data management, measurement and control and communication, environmental control and life support, crew, recovery and landing, instrument and lighting and emergency rescue subsystem. These systems are arranged here respectively? No.3 cabin 1? In the U-shaped shenzhou spaceship, they work and cooperate with each other to complete a space trip. The following parts are introduced respectively:
I. Orbital module (2.8m long and 2.2m in diameter)
Shenzhou spaceship's orbital module is cylindrical. In order to make the orbital module get power when flying alone, solar cell wings are installed on both sides of the orbital module, and the area of each solar cell wing is 2.0? 3.4 meters, the orbital module can provide more than 0.5 kilowatts of electricity when flying freely. There are four groups of small propulsion engines at the tail of the orbital module, four in each group, which provide the spacecraft with auxiliary thrust and the ability to maintain orbital motion after the orbital module is separated; There is a circular hatch on the side of the orbital module near the return module, which provides a passage for astronauts to enter and leave the orbital module. However, the maximum diameter of the hatch is only 65 cm, and only agile and specially trained people can enter and exit freely. There is an observation window of the orbital module above the hatch.
The orbital module is the place where astronauts work and live after the spacecraft enters orbit. In addition to food, drinking water, urinals and other living devices, there are instruments and equipment for space applications and scientific experiments.
After the return module returns, the orbital module is equivalent to an Earth observation satellite or a space laboratory, and it will stay in orbit for about half a year. The utilization of orbital module is a major feature of China spacecraft. After the orbital module and the return module of Russian and American spacecraft are separated, they are generally abandoned.
Two, the return cabin (2.00 meters long, 2.40 meters in diameter, not including the heat protection layer)
Shenzhou spaceship's return capsule is bell-shaped, with doors communicating with the orbital module. Put it back in the command and control center of the spacecraft in the cabin. There are seats for three astronauts to tilt, and astronauts can take these seats during take-off, ascent and return. Below the front of the seat is the instrument panel, manual joystick and optical sight. , showing the mechanical equipment status of the last system on the spacecraft. Astronauts use these instruments to monitor and control the work of the mechanical equipment on the spacecraft when necessary. Both the orbital module and the return module are closed cabins, with environmental control and life support systems to ensure that the cabin is filled with mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a suitable range for human body, so as to ensure the life safety of astronauts during the whole flight mission.
In addition, two parachutes, the main parachute and the standby parachute, are installed in the cabin for landing. There are two circular windows on the side wall of the return capsule of Shenzhou-Hao spacecraft, one for astronauts to observe the scene outside the window, and the other for astronauts to operate the optical sight to observe the spacecraft driving on the ground. The base of the return capsule is a metal frame sealed structure, on which the instruments and equipment of the return capsule are installed. The base is light and strong, which protects the return capsule from being burned by the hot atmosphere when it returns to the ground and enters the atmosphere.
3. Propulsion cabin (length 3.05m, diameter 2.50m, bottom diameter 2.80m)
Shenzhou's propulsion cabin, also known as the equipment cabin, is cylindrical and contains the engine and propellant of the propulsion system, which provides the spacecraft with the power needed for attitude and orbit adjustment, braking and deceleration, as well as some equipment of power supply, environmental control and communication system. There are a pair of solar wings on each side. Except for the triangular part, the area of the solar wings is 2.0. 7.5 meters. Together with the battery wing of the front orbital module, the power generated will be three times that of Soyuz, exceeding 1.5 kW on average, which is almost equivalent to the power provided by the power supply of Fukang AX New Wave Automobile. In addition to providing high power, these battery wings can also rotate around the connection point, so that no matter how the spacecraft moves, it can always maintain the best direction to obtain maximum power, without? Tilt to the sun? A lot of maneuvers are needed so that the spacecraft can continuously observe the earth while ensuring that the solar array is facing the sun.
At the back of the equipment cabin is the propulsion system of the spacecraft. The main propulsion system consists of four large main engines, which are located at the bottom center of the propulsion cabin. Four pairs of small thrusters for attitude correction are arranged around the side skirts of the propulsion cabin, saying that they are smaller than the main thrusters and much larger than other auxiliary thrusters. In addition, there is a small auxiliary propeller outside the propulsion cabin skirt.
Four. Additional paragraph
The additional segment, also known as the transition segment, is used to prepare for future rendezvous and docking with another spacecraft or space station. Before manned flight and rendezvous and docking, it can also install various instruments for space exploration.
At this stage, there is no official introduction to the equipment of the additional section, but some people in the industry have made bold speculations. For example, one of the half-ring devices should be used to install square instruments. And three mutually perpendicular and extendable probes of 0.4m are considered as a part of navigation system or docking system. Because the Apollo spacecraft in the United States also has a similar device for docking. Russian docking system may be installed at the front end of shenzhou spaceship orbital module. However, these devices may only be experimental, and will definitely be replaced by new docking systems when docking with the space station in the future.
All previous shenzhou spaceship materials (Shenzhou-1 -X spacecraft) Shenzhou-1
Release time:1October 20th1999165438+6: 30: 7.
Return time:165438+1October 2 1, 3 am, 4 1.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: Central area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Comments: The commentary here spoke highly of China's first manned space flight test, saying that it marked an important step in China's space industry, was of great significance for breaking through manned space technology, and was an important milestone in China's space history.
Shenzhou II
Launch time: 200 1 year 1 month 1 day 1.03 seconds.
Return time: 200 1 year 1 month16th 19: 22.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: Central area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Comments and reactions: The launch of the spacecraft is the second flight test of China's manned spaceflight project, which marks new progress in China's manned spaceflight and a gratifying step towards its realization.
Shenzhou III
Release time: 22: 00 on March 25th, 2002, 15.
Landing time: April 2002 1
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: Central area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Comments and reactions: The launch test further improved the launch vehicle, spacecraft and TT&C launch system, and improved the safety and reliability of manned space flight.
Shenzhou IV
Release time: February 30, 2002 10:40.
Landing time: 20031October 5 19:00+ 16:00.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: Central area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Navigation mission: space science and technology experiment
Comment response: China's first manned unmanned spacecraft.
Shenzhou v
Launch time: 20031October 15 at 9: 00.
Landing time: 6: 28, 20031October16th.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: Gulang Grassland, A Mu, Central Inner Mongolia.
Navigation task: Assess the manned environment of the project, obtain the relevant data of astronauts' living environment and safety in space, and comprehensively evaluate the working performance, reliability, safety and coordination among various systems of the project.
Comments and Response: Apart from Yang Liwei, the first man in China, Shenzhou? The return capsule of manned spacecraft No.5 also carries a special flag of China, the flag of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the United Nations flag, samples of major currencies of RMB, commemorative stamps of China's first manned space flight, commemorative covers of China's manned space project and crop seeds from Taiwan Province Province, the treasure island of the motherland.
Astronaut: Yang Liwei
Shenzhou VI
Launch time: 20051October 12 at 9: 00.
Landing time: 04: 07, 20051October 17.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: the main landing point of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia.
Navigation task: conquer the basic technology of manned space flight; Conduct space science experiments to evaluate and improve the functions and performance of seven engineering systems.
Astronaut: Fei, Nie Haisheng.
Shenzhou vii
Release time: 2 1: 00 on September 25th, 2008, 10: 04.
Landing time: September 28th, 2008 17: 37.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: Central Inner Mongolia
Navigation task: to carry out space observation and space science and technology experiments.
Astronauts: Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng.
Shenzhou VIII
Launch time: 20111105: 58+00 seconds.
Landing time: 20 1 1 year 1 1 month17th 19: 32: 30.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: main landing point of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia
Navigation task: docking with Tiangong-1.
Astronaut: unmanned aerial vehicle
Shenzhou 9
Launch time: 20 12 June 16 June 18: 37.
Landing time: June 29th, 2065438+02 10.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: main landing point of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia
Navigation Purpose: As a part of China's first space laboratory project 92 1-2, the manned rendezvous and docking between Tiangong and Shenjiu will open a breakthrough chapter in China's space history.
Astronauts: Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang, Liu Yang (female)
Shenzhou ten
Online time: 2065438+June11June 17: 38.
Landing time: 2065438+8: 07 on June 26th, 2003.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing place: on the grassland in central Inner Mongolia? God ten? Scheduled area of mission main landing site
Navigation purpose: On the basis that Shenjiu marks the breakthrough and mastery of manned rendezvous and docking technology in China, Shenjiu will conduct the first applied flight of manned space transportation system. After the launch of Shenzhou-10 and the rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1, the first phase of the second-step mission of China manned space flight will come to a perfect conclusion and enter the development stage of space laboratory and space station in an all-round way.
Astronauts: Nie Haisheng, Zhang and Wang Yaping (female)
1, Yang Liwei (Shenwu), male, Han nationality, born on June 2, 65438, Huludao City, Liaoning Province, college degree, height1.68m, party member, producer of China. Major General of China People's Liberation Army Special Astronaut. He has served as deputy director of China Astronaut Research and Training Center, deputy commander of astronaut system in manned spaceflight project, and is currently deputy director of China Manned Space Engineering Office. He is the first generation astronaut trained by China, and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Yang Liwei flew safely in the former air force 1, 350 hours. At 9: 00 Beijing time on June 65438+1October 65438+May 2003, Yang Liwei went into space for the first time on the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft carried by the Long March II F rocket, becoming the first astronaut of the people of China.
2. Fei (Shenzhou VI), male, Han nationality,1born in May 1965, from Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, party member, graduated from Changchun Aviation School with a university degree. /kloc-0 joined the army in June 1982, and/kloc-0 joined the party in May 1985. At present, he is the captain of the Astronaut Brigade of China People's Liberation Army, a first-class astronaut, a division commander and a major general.
3. Nie Haisheng (Shenzhou VI, Shenzhou 10), male, born in September, 1964, from Zaoyang, Hubei. /kloc-0 joined the army in June 1983, and/kloc-0 joined the party in February 1986. He is now a special astronaut of the China People's Liberation Army Astronaut Brigade, with the rank of Major General. He used to be the pilot director of a certain air force aviation regiment, flying safely 1480 hours, and was a first-class air force pilot. 1998 1 officially became the first astronauts in China. Selected as the first manned space pilot echelon in China. After years of astronaut training, Nie Haisheng has completed the training tasks in 8 categories and dozens of subjects, including basic theory, space environment adaptability and professional technology, and passed the comprehensive assessment of astronaut's professional technology with excellent results. In June 2005, he was selected into the Shenzhou VI manned flight crew. June 2005 65438+1October 65438+February, is it finally round? Nine days of the moon? Dreaming.
4. Zhai Zhigang (Shenqi), male, Han nationality, from Longxi Village, longjiang town, Longjiang County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, has a university degree and a double bachelor's degree. /kloc-0 was born in June, 1966;/kloc-0 joined the China Youth League in June,/kloc-0 joined the Air Force Changchun Flight Academy (now the basic flight training base of the PLA Air Force Aviation University) in 1985;1965436 was selected in 2005? Shenzhou VI? A member of the crew echelon of a manned space flight.
5. Liu Boming (Shenqi), male, born in September, 1966, is from Hongxing Township, Yi 'an County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. In June, he joined the China Youth League, 1985, and joined the Air Force Changchun Flying Academy (now the PLA Air Force Aviation University), 198.
6. Jing Haipeng (Shenqi, Shenjiu): Male, Han nationality, from Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, party member, master's degree. /kloc-0 was born in June 1966,/kloc-0 joined the army in June 1985, and/kloc-0 joined the party in September 1987. Now he is a special astronaut of the Astronaut Brigade of China People's Liberation Army, with the rank of senior colonel. He used to be the pilot director of a regiment command of an Air Force division, flying safely 1200 hours, and was rated as the first-class pilot of the Air Force. 1998 1 officially became the first astronauts in China. After years of astronaut training, he has completed the training tasks of dozens of subjects in eight categories, such as basic theory, space environment adaptability, space professional technology, flight procedures and mission simulation training, and passed the comprehensive assessment of astronaut professional technology with excellent results. In June 2005, he was selected as a crew member of Shenzhou VI manned mission. In September 2008, the Shenzhou VII manned mission was a complete success. 20 12 was selected as the flight crew of Shenzhou-9 mission in March.
7. Liu Wang (Shenzhou IX): Male, Han nationality, from Pingyao County, party member, with a master's degree. /kloc-0 was born in March 1969,/kloc-0 joined the army in August 1988, and/kloc-0 joined the party in June 1988. Now he is a second-class astronaut of China People's Liberation Army Astronaut Brigade, with the rank of senior colonel. He used to be the squadron leader of a flight brigade of an Air Force division, flying safely 1000 hours, and was rated as the second-class pilot of the Air Force. 1998 1 officially became the first astronauts in China. After years of astronaut training, he has completed the training tasks of dozens of subjects in eight categories, such as basic theory, space environment adaptability, space professional technology, flight procedures and mission simulation training, and passed the comprehensive assessment of astronaut professional technology with excellent results. 20 12 was selected as the flight crew of Shenzhou-9 mission in March.
Liu Yang (Shenzhou 9): Female, Han nationality, from Linzhou City, Henan Province, party member, bachelor degree. /kloc-0 was born in June, 1978, joined the army in August, 1997, and joined the party in May, 200/kloc-0. He is currently a fourth-class astronaut and a major of the Astronaut Brigade of the China People's Liberation Army. He used to be the deputy captain of the flight brigade of an air force division, flying safely 1680 hours, and was rated as the second-class pilot of the air force. 20 10 May, officially became the second batch of astronauts in China. After more than two years of astronaut training, he has completed the training tasks of dozens of subjects in eight categories, such as basic theory, aerospace environmental adaptability, aerospace professional technology, flight procedures and mission simulation training, and passed the comprehensive assessment of astronaut professional technology with excellent results. 20 12 was selected as the flight crew of Shenzhou-9 mission in March.
9. Zhang (Shenzhou 10): A native of Jinzhou, Liaoning, an astronaut from China. Born in May, 1966,/kloc-0 was one of the first 14 astronauts selected by 1998. China People's Liberation Army Air Force Senior Colonel rank. He used to be a fighter pilot and commander of an air squadron. By 2004, he had more than 65,438+0,000 flying hours. 20 13 was selected as the flight crew of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-10 manned missions in April.
10, Wang Yaping (shenzhou 10): female, Han nationality, from Yantai, Shandong province, party member, bachelor degree. 1980 10 was born,/kloc-0 joined the army in August 1997 and joined the party in May 2000. He is a fourth-class astronaut of the Astronaut Brigade of the China People's Liberation Army and holds the rank of major. He used to be the deputy captain of the flight brigade of an air force division, flying safely 1600 hours, and was rated as the second-class pilot of the air force. 20 10 May, officially became the second batch of astronauts in China. After nearly three years of astronaut training, he has completed the training tasks of dozens of subjects in eight categories, such as basic theory, aerospace environmental adaptability and professional technology, and passed the comprehensive assessment of astronauts' professional technology with excellent results. 20 13 was selected as the flight crew of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-10 manned missions in April. Become the first in China? After 80? Female astronaut.