"Middle school as the body and western learning as the application" is the guiding ideology of the Westernization Movement. The so-called "China" refers to the traditional culture of China, which is a self-contained cultural system. Its core is the traditional political, economic and cultural system, and its soul is Confucianism. "Western learning" refers to modern western culture, and it is also a self-contained cultural system. Its core is the various systems of capitalism, and its soul is the natural human rights thought marked by freedom and equality. The collision of blood and fire between these two cultures in the first half of the19th century produced the idea of "learning from the West" among the advanced intellectuals in China who opened their eyes to the world. 100 years, people have different opinions on this guiding ideology. So, how to understand this guiding ideology? First, "Chinese style and western use" is the product of the social and economic structure of that era. Any cultural entity is rooted in its own social and economic structure. On the eve of the Westernization Movement, China was a society where capitalism had not yet existed and natural economy was widespread. In such a society, it is impossible to establish a "western style" because it does not have the economic basis on which the western style system depends, and the traditional "middle school physical education" still operates according to its own logic. However, in the face of severe challenges from western powers after the Opium War, a country cannot become a country without introducing western learning. In this situation, the idea of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application" came into being. The second is the deep need of westernization economy. Westernization economy is a bureaucratic economy based on government and characterized by centralization. No matter in terms of capital, technology and market, it is inseparable from the government for a moment. It relies on the strength of the government to concentrate the money in the hands of taxpayers and solve the problem of compiling funds. It relies on the government to introduce technology, and a considerable part of raw materials and products are allocated by the government. Therefore, the government's support has become the premise of the existence of westernization economy. In this way, maintaining the traditional system represented by the government has become the unshirkable responsibility of the Westernization Movement. It is this economic reality that we should not only organize westernization, but also rely on the government, which determines the inevitability of "learning from China and using the West". Third, this is the need of westernization. The establishment of Westernization is an unprecedented pioneering work, and it is not smooth sailing. There are difficulties in capital and technology, obstacles in customary forces, attacks and accusations by die-hards ... it is really difficult. When the Tangshan-Xugezhuang railway was opened to traffic, the die-hards suggested that locomotives roared and shook the imperial tomb, and the Westernization School once used horse-drawn carriages. Die-hards also said that it was the change of Yi Xia and the abandonment of China's feudal ruling order. These bizarre theories, which seem irrefutable today, were extremely weighty in those days and could kill people. Even the Westernization School had to call these fallacies "Chen Yi is very high and his views are correct". In this way, for the smooth progress of the Westernization Movement, it is very necessary to maintain China's style when introducing and spreading western learning. Otherwise, the Westernization School will not survive. From the theme of "Chinese style and western use", we can also see the good intentions of the Westernization School. Feng Guifen, the earliest proposer of this theory, said: "It would be better if China's ethics and morality were taken as the original, supplemented by the skills of countries to become rich and strong." Obviously, what the author emphasizes is not how to do a good job in middle school, but how to learn from the west. Under such a slogan, it is natural to learn from the west. Of course, the actual meaning of this slogan has changed with the passage of time. At the time of the revolution, if we say that "middle school is the body and western learning is the use", the key point is not to learn from the west, but to forbid revolution and destroy China culture. We can't deny the progressive intention of this slogan at the beginning. Fourth, "Chinese style and western use" opened the door for the spread of western learning. Although the middle school is physical, since the western learning was put into use, it has openly entered the traditional framework and achieved legal status, which is conducive to breaking the traditional cultural and psychological barriers that citizens reject foreign new things. As a result, under the signboard of "use", western learning flooded in. Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration translated and introduced more than 120 kinds of western language books only in 1896, and one translation was introduced every three days on average, which really reached an alarming level. With the spread of western learning, great changes have taken place in China's production. "By the eve of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the production technology and equipment of some major modern industries and transportation industries were close to the advanced level in the world" (Wu Baijun: The Resilience of Industrialization in China). Political theories, such as constitutional monarchy, democracy and harmony, were also introduced to China in this process and merged with China culture, resulting in China's own modern political thoughts. It was in this process that a new society in China began to emerge. In a word, the early thought of "learning from China and using the West" played a positive role in breaking through the obstruction of feudal die-hards, introducing western natural science, and promoting the modernization of China's industry and military and the emergence of new education. Later, it became the ideological weapon of the Qing rulers against bourgeois reform and bourgeois revolution.