Westernization Movement: Slogans-"self-improvement", "seeking wealth" and "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application", represented by Zeng Guofan, Zuo, Li Hongzhang and Zhang Zhidong.

The Reform Movement of 1898: Slogan-"Changing the Axiom of the World", with representatives: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong and Yan Fu.

Revolution of 1911: Slogan-"Drive out the Tatars and restore China; The establishment of the Republic of China, equal land ownership ",representatives: Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Song.

New Culture Movement: Slogan-"Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai", with representatives: Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Hu Shi and Lu Xun.