1789 The French Revolution abolished all feudal systems and issued the Declaration of Human Rights. Once the basic principles of human rights, freedom and equality are established, it means that the royal power of feudal nobles will be abolished forever. The French Revolution aroused the anxiety and hostility of feudal rulers in neighboring European countries, who tried to stifle the bourgeois revolution in France through armed intervention. Austria and Prussia jointly issued a declaration demanding that France restore the king's power. France's fugitive nobles are recruiting troops abroad to prepare for the restoration, and Sweden, Russia, Spain and Sardinia all expressed their support. 1792 On April 20th, France declared war on Austria.
The author's name is Claude de Lyle. During the French Revolution, he was the engineering captain of the Strasbourg City Guard. He often goes to the home of Dietrich, a famous patriot in Alsace and mayor of Strasbourg. Mrs. Dirichlet and her daughters, like the mayor, are full of patriotic and revolutionary enthusiasm. They like this young officer and appreciate his courage, poetry and music. They are always the first appreciators of his new works and his bosom friends.
1779 Winter, famine enveloped Fort Sluss. The life of the mayor Dietrich's family is also poor. One day, there was only wartime bread and a few slices of ham on the dining table. Dietrich looked at De Lear calmly and said, "As long as there is no shortage of lively atmosphere in citizens' festivals and as long as the soldiers are not lacking in courage, although we are not rich in food, it is nothing! He then said to his daughter, "There is the last bottle of wine in the cellar. Let's drink to freedom and our motherland. A patriotic celebration will be held in Strasbourg. Delier should drink a few drinks and write a song that can inspire people's fighting spirit! The daughters applauded in unison, brought wine and filled the wine for their father and young officers until the wine was finished.
It's midnight and it's freezing cold. Despite his fantasies, De Lear returned to his room very excitedly, composing music first, then writing lyrics, and then composing music. Which comes first, notes or poems? Is it music or poetry? He can't see the difference. He just sang vertically without writing anything. He gradually felt tired and fell asleep on the piano.
When I wake up in the morning, the song at night appears in the memory of the example like a dream. He wrote the lyrics in one breath, composed the notes, and then ran to Dietrich's house. He found Dietrich hoeing winter vegetables in Cai Leifeng. The old patriot immediately woke up his wife and daughter, and called several friends who loved music and could play, accompanied by Dietrich's eldest daughter. De Lear sang passionately. After listening to the first paragraph, everyone was in high spirits; Hearing the second quarter, everyone shed tears; When hearing the last paragraph, people's enthusiasm broke out. Dietrich, his wife, daughter, young officers and friends cried and hugged each other. They cheered: the hymn of the motherland has been found!
Lill Rouge was glad that the mayor sang his own song. He asked people to copy the songs and distribute them to the commanders of the Rhine army, hoping that the army would adopt them as queue songs. Strasbourg city band played this song in the square according to the mayor's meaning, and saw the National Guard off at the front. Strasbourg Press published "The War in Rhine, Du E" to show patriotic enthusiasm. Things have come to an end here, and this song has not really aroused people's enthusiasm. The author's passion for writing this song has gradually faded, and nothing seems to have happened. But those printed and handwritten songs are silently circulated in people's hands.
Two months later, the situation changed and Prussia-Austria allied forces attacked France. He also threatened that if the French king and royal family were violated, Paris would be "punished militarily and completely destroyed, and the thugs would be executed to punish their crimes." This declaration angered the revolutionary forces all over France, and all localities recruited new soldiers in succession, formed an allied force to go to Paris, and launched a * * * and movement to abolish the royal power, preparing to resist foreign military intervention.
In Marseille, the southernmost city in France far from Strasbourg, a coalition of 500 people was quickly organized to March to Paris. A medical student named Miller recommended his "Battle Hymn of the Rhine Army" to the Marseilles army. The passionate momentum of the song inspired people, and the Marseille allies sang this revolutionary song all the way to Paris and distributed printed songs along the way. When they arrived in Paris, led by the military flag and this song, thousands of people greeted them in the street. They heard the Masai people singing exciting battle songs over and over again, which they had never heard before. The lyrics sang the battle slogan they were going to shout at the moment. This song soon spread like wildfire and spread all over the streets of Paris. Because it was brought by Masai, people called it "Marseillaise".
This new song, formerly known as "March of the Rhine Army", 1792 was played in Strasbourg on April 24th, and soon spread all over the country. Three months later, the workers' revolutionary team in Marseille, the second largest city in France, sang this song and marched into Paris. This song must be played at the beginning and end of every meeting of Marseille club; The Masai also sang this song on the March. Hence the name "La Marseillaise".
The "La Marseillaise" spread rapidly, and the collective chorus should be held in assemblies, theaters and banquets. Later, even after singing the hymn in church, I sang this song; Later, it actually replaced the hymn. The Marseillaise has become a national anthem, a song of * * *. The military ministers of France * * * and China saw it very inspiring and inspiring, and ordered 654.38+million copies to be printed and distributed to all companies of the whole army. At the front line, when soldiers charge the enemy, they must sing the Marseillaise in unison. Under the action of this military song, the team pounced on the enemy like roaring waves, which was unstoppable. The enemy generals found that this song had a terrible power.
Later, Louis XVI's head fell to the ground, which angered members of the royal family all over Europe. Germany, Austria, Russia, Britain, Spain and other countries formed the first anti-French alliance, and the National Association announced a general mobilization order, declaring the country into a state of emergency. A large number of French youths marched to the front in the majestic singing of La Marseillaise. In less than a year, the battlefield has transcended national boundaries. 1795, the first Republic of France formally established the lofty status of the national anthem of La Marseillaise.
Napoleon, who came to power through the "foggy month coup", did not stop the horn of conquest. 1804 After being crowned as the first emperor of France, Napoleon not only led the French army to smash the second, third, fourth and fifth anti-French alliances successfully, but also conquered most European territories. Extending from the Pyrenees to the Niemann River, and from the North Sea to the Adriatic Sea, the powerful notes of "La Marseillaise" resounded all over the world and shocked people.
In order to welcome Napoleon's victorious army, the great Arc de Triomphe broke ground at 1806. However, with the rapid decline of the battlefield situation in Europe, the construction of the Arc de Triomphe was once stagnant and was not completed until 1836. 1840, Napoleon's body was transported back to Paris from St. Helena and passed under the Arc de Triomphe tragically.
The relief on the right column of the Arc de Triomphe is also called "La Marseillaise". Among them, the Statue of Liberty, which symbolizes freedom, justice and victory, holds a sword in her right hand and holds her left hand high, calling on the people to move forward in the direction she guides. Under her sacred and broad wings, a group of volunteers marched triumphantly or with heavy burdens, and the magnificent horn of the Marseillaise sounded again, reflecting the afterglow of the rising sun and sunset on the Champs Elysé es every day.
Francois Rude was 52 years old when he finished the sculpture task of the Arc de Triomphe. This sculptor, who is as famous as Delacroix, has both the rigor of classicism and the passion of romanticism, and has carved a classic with the same name as music for that glorious and tragic history.
When reading the classics of political science, I once doubted the turbulent history of the French Revolution. Those people's democratic representatives who overthrew the king's government ruled by terror in the most undemocratic way, so that the Seine River was flooded with blood. Ebbell, representing the left, Dandong, representing the right, and robespierre, the most iron bowl, were successively guillotined. In the boiling revolutionary blood, how much is sincere overflow, and how much is cruel impulse and humble use?
But I still like listening to the Marseillaise and thinking about that turbulent time with the brilliance of humanitarianism. Because only for individuals, this is the best encouragement in an era when everything is soft.
Napoleon banned singing "La Marseillaise" before he proclaimed himself emperor in 1804. 18 15 restored Louis Stanislas Xavier and was banned from singing again; /kloc-July Revolution broke out in 0/830. On the barricade of fighting in Paris, "La Marseillaise" sounded again; 1879, the French government re-approved the singing of La Marseillaise.