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Malacca (English Malaka, Malay Malacca. Javi: Or Malaacca), another way of writing is Malacca, a state in Malaysia, in the south of Malay Peninsula, near the Straits of Malacca. The capital of Malacca is also called Malacca.

Malacca is the oldest ancient city in Malaysia and the capital of Malacca. It is located on the north bank of the Straits of Malacca, and the Malacca River passes through the city. Founded in 1403, the city was once the capital of the kingdom of Malacca and became a Portuguese colony in 15 1 1. 164 1 occupied by the Netherlands. 1826 became a part of the British Channel colony. Malaysia's first Prime Minister Raman declared Malaysia's independence on February 20, 1956/KLOC-0, and the ceremony was held in the grassland of Malacca. Later, due to the siltation of Malacca estuary, Penang and Singapore rose, and the status of the city declined. Production of rubber, coconut, fruit and rice. Famous for handicrafts at home and abroad. Air lines and highways connecting Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The port is an export port for rubber and an import port for rice, sugar and other groceries. Yashahan Mountain in the suburbs is the birthplace of the earliest rubber plantation in Malaysia, and the nearby Batumi Annan Fish Research Institute is also quite large in Southeast Asia.

resident

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Malacca residents are mainly Malays, Chinese, Indians, Portuguese descendants and Eurasian children, who are familiar with several languages. Malacca is characterized by traditional architecture, including many Chinese houses. The streets built in ancient times are still well preserved. The streets are winding and narrow, and the houses are uneven and varied. Many houses are inlaid with beautifully patterned tiles, Swiss lion buttons and dragons inlaid with phoenixes, showing the unique features of the ancient historical capital Malacca.

This city has many cultural heritages. Qingyun Pavilion, built by China leader Zheng Yu 1567, is the earliest Malaysian temple dedicated to Guanyin Bodhisattva, Guandi and the Queen Mother, and it is still the center of religious activities in China. There is a big mountain above China, which is the most complete and abundant place to preserve Malaysian historical sites in China. In addition, there are bukit china, Hang Li Po Well and Sanbao Pavilion in memory of Zheng He, a navigator of China in the Ming Dynasty. Portuguese-style monuments include the ancient city gate of Santiago and St. Paul's church. Dutch-style buildings include Stades Church (now City Hall) and Malacca Museum, which was converted from Dutch houses. The museum shows the thoughts of the King (Sultan) Mansour Sha Jianguo, pictures and words of Zheng He and Princess Han meeting with the King, ancient weapons and rural utensils. Dongkuna Church on the outskirts is a Sumatran-style building with the tomb of Sultan Johor.

capital

Malacca (Malay: Straits of Malacca)

manager

Datuk Seri Oetama Mohammed. Khalil Jacob

Chief minister

YAB Datuk Sri Hj Mohamed Ali Mohamed rustam

zone

1.650 km2

Human population

The estimated value is 648,500.

history

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Malacca was called Golofusa from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty. In Tang Yonghui (650 -655), five-color parrots were presented. In the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406), the county magistrate Siribar sent an envoy to the above table, wishing to be a county. In the seventh year of Yongle (14 10), Ming Taizu, as the ancestor, appointed Zheng He, the eunuch of Sambo, as the king of Manlaga, and never belonged to Siam. In the ninth year of Yongle (14 12), Sura ascended the throne, led his wife and 540 people to make a pilgrimage to Kirin, and Ming Chengzu gave the princess gold and jade belts, ceremonial ceremonies and pommel horses. In September, Baili bid farewell to King Sura, and Ming Chengzu gave a banquet at Fengtianmen, giving Jin Yu a belt, a pommel horse, gold 120 taels, platinum 520 taels and paper money 400,000 taels. Since then, he has paid tribute many times until the end of Chenghua.

From Yongle to Xuande, Zheng He went to the West. He took Malacca as his base camp, built city walls, rows of fences, drum towers and turrets, and built warehouses to store money and grain department stores. Zheng He's fleet sailed to Zhancheng, Java and other countries, and first docked in Malacca; When they returned from Siam, Hulu Moss and other countries, they also gathered in Malacca to collect some money and food and store them, waiting for the trade winds to sail back to China.

Up to now, there are still many relics of Zheng He in Malacca, and Bukit China is the place where Zheng He's fleet camped in Malacca. At the foot of the mountain, there is still a Sanbao Temple and Li Hang Pojing, which is said to have been excavated by Zheng He. There is an anti-Japanese monument on the left side of Sanbao Temple, which is inscribed by Jiang Zhongzheng.

Sultan of Malacca

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The founder of Malacca is Balimisura, a Sambuchi (Grand Port) prince who left Sumatra in 1396 to deal with the enemy Basie Empire. According to popular legend, while hunting, Bellamy Sura rested under a tree, and one of his dogs cornered a rat deer (also known as a young deer). In self-defense, the rat deer drove the dog into the river. Moved by the courage of the rat deer, Berry Misura decided to build an empire where he sat. He named this place "Malacca" after the tree.

14 14, Mirmisrata converted to Islam and changed its name to "iskandar Shah Sultan". It began to develop from a fishing village to the most important port in the region, attracting businessmen from Java, India, Arabia and China, and became a transit point for Sino-Indian trade between the two monsoons. During the reign of Bali Misura, the fleet of China's empire and merchants, as well as the residence of China people, was near China Mountain, the best place for geomancy (divination) in Malacca. Sultanshah died in 1424, and was succeeded by his son maharaja Sri. Unfortunately, the prosperity of Malacca led to the invasion of Siam. From 1446 to 1456, the leader swallowed thunderbolt and tried to resist. Malacca's development of relations with China at this time is a strategic decision to resist Siam's attack.

Malacca has become an important outpost of Zheng He's spectacular voyage fleet because of its strategic position. In order to strengthen ties, Princess Hanlibao arrived in Malacca with 500 followers and married Sultan Mansour Shah (ruled from 1456 to 1477). Her entourage intermarried with local people and mainly lived in Bukit Wah (China Mountain).

Active trade led to the expansion of native Chinese and spread to other important settlements in the region.

colony

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1511On August 24th, after Alfonso d'Albuquerque defeated India, Malacca was conquered by Portugal and became a strategic base for Portuguese expansion in east indies. Mahmud Shah, the last Sultan in Malacca, took refuge in the mainland and attacked the Portuguese on land and at sea, which made the Portuguese suffer a lot. Finally, in 1526, a powerful Portuguese fleet led by Pedro Mas Carrejas destroyed the Sudanese base. Sultan and his family crossed the Straits of Malacca to Kampar, Sumatra, where they died two years later.

Francis Shabulio, a Jesuit missionary, stayed in Malacca for several months in 1545, 1546 and 1549. 164 1 year, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese and occupied Malacca with the help of Johor, Sudan.

Castle in Taiwan Province Province

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Due to the intervention of Sir Stamford Raffles in 1808, the British abandoned the plan to destroy it, and the structure was destroyed during the Dutch invasion. The Netherlands ruled Malacca from 164 1 to 1795, but it was not interested in developing it into a trade center, and its importance as a governance center was replaced by Batavia (Jakarta) in Indonesia.

Malacca was ceded to Britain according to the 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty in exchange for Benkelon on Sumatra Island. From 1826 to 1946, Malacca was first ruled by the British East India Company, and later it was a crown colony. Together with Singapore and Penang, it formed a strait colony. After the abolition of the crown colony, Malacca and Penang became part of the Malayan Federation (later Malaysia).

geography

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Malacca is located in the southwest of Malay Peninsula, opposite Sumatra Island, with Sembilan in the north and Johor in the east.

The ethnic distribution is as follows

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Malays: 50%;

English: 40%;

Indian origin: a large number of ethnic minorities, including the ethnic group named Chitty;

Others: A small number of descendants of Portuguese descendants intermarry with local people. These Eurasian people still use the name Crist? O's ancient Portuguese.

The main cities are Malacca, Alolga Jia, Tana Mosque, Ye Xin (Jasin), Merimao, Saibang Island and Kailuo, Eier.

traffic

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Tamping, about 30 kilometers north of downtown Malacca, is the nearest railway station to Malacca. Tambian had a railway connection with Malacca before World War II, but it was destroyed by the Japanese imperial army during the war to build the infamous Death Railway. Although the ruins of this railway are still visible, it has not been rebuilt since the war.

There are regular buses from the bus station in Malacca to places on the Malay Peninsula such as Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. She also has an airport in Batu Berendam, Anan, which mainly serves regional charter flights.

Ayer Keroh is the main exit connecting South and North Avenue in Malacca, and the other two avenues in Malacca are Alor Gajah and Jasin.

economy

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Tourism and manufacturing are the two economic pillars of Malacca. The slogan of Malacca is "Visiting Malacca is like visiting Malaysia". It has rich cultural heritage and many historical sites. Besides tourism, Malacca is also a manufacturing center.

state government

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Although the first Malay Sultan appeared in Malacca, there is no Sultan in the state today. The head of state is the governor.

Malacca is under the jurisdiction of the State Assembly and the Executive Committee (EXCO). The state legislature is the highest organ of the state. The Executive Committee is composed of members of parliament, with a term of five years, and is responsible to the state legislature. The state legislature is headed by the Governor (Yang Di-Perttu Ann negri).

The chief minister is the administrative pillar of the national government and manages all administrative affairs of the country. For the sake of management, Malacca is divided into three judicial districts: Malacca, Arroyo and Ye Xin.