Time: 65438+May 24 -29, 0935

Venue: Dadu River in western Sichuan

Strength: 20,000 Red Army and 200,000 Kuomintang.

Results: 17 warriors braved intensive bullets and artillery fire to cross the river and defeated the Sichuan army 1 battalion in one fell swoop. Thus, the Red Army 1 Legion 1 Division and Cadre Corps crossed the Dadu River, which was regarded as insurmountable by the Kuomintang army. Then 22 warriors flew to Luding Bridge, the Red 4th Regiment defeated the Sichuan Army, and the Red 1 4 Army successfully captured Luding City and successfully opened the road to the north.

The most thrilling battle of crossing the Dadu River

Crossing the Dadu River is more difficult than climbing the sky. The Dadu River is more than 30 meters wide, with a flow rate of 4 meters per second and a water depth of 30 meters. The craggy rocks at the bottom of the river form numerous eddies, which can make goose feathers sink to the bottom, and people with good water can't swim across the river. Regardless of this danger, under the command of Liu Bocheng and Nie, the Red Army 17 Warriors who forced the Dadu River set off by boat. In order to attract the fire of the Kuomintang troops on the other side and reduce the casualties of soldiers crossing the river, Liu Bocheng and Nie deliberately exposed themselves and dispersed the enemy's fire, regardless of their personal safety. The actions of the two leaders inspired the Red Army troops on the shore, and everyone scrambled to stand up. At this time, everyone is in a mood: hit us, as long as we don't hit our ship. After heroic fighting, the advance team finally crossed the natural barrier Dadu River.

In order to cross the Dadu River as soon as possible, the Central Red Army set its sights on the Luding Bridge, about 0/60 km north of Anshun Field Army. At this time, the enemy has gone to reinforce Luding city, and both sides are fighting for time. As the pioneer of West Road Bridge, the Fourth Regiment of the Second Division of the Red Army walked 240 miles a day on the 28th and arrived at Luding Bridge at 6 o'clock on the 29th. After the charge began, 22 commandos held the bridge railing, stepped on the chain and rushed to the other side in the rain. By June 2, the main force of the Central Red Army had crossed the Dadu River by Luding Bridge. At the bridgehead of Luding Bridge, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission held a celebration meeting, and Zhou Enlai presented awards to 22 warriors. Prizes include: Lenin's clothes and pens, diaries, enamel bowls and chopsticks printed with the words "Central Revolutionary Military Commission". The flying capture of Luding Bridge has created two records in the history of war: the speed of marching on foot and the record of more than 100 meters of long-chain fighting.

(2) Sidu Chishui

Time:1935 65438+1October19-March 22nd.

Venue: Sichuan-Guizhou border

Strength: More than 30,000 Red Army and 300,000 Kuomintang.

Results: The whole army was wiped out10.8 million people, and the Central Red Army jumped out of the encirclement painstakingly designed by Chiang Kai-shek and took the initiative in strategic shift.

The most strategic battle: Sidu Chishui.

1935 65438+1October19. In the battle to seize Chishui city in the north, the Red Army met with tenacious resistance from the enemy. That night, according to Mao Zedong's opinion, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Zhongge Military Commission decisively changed the plan of crossing the North, and decided to quit fighting, crossing the Chishui River to the west and then crossing the Yangtze River to the north. On129, 65438, the Central Red Army crossed Chishui from Ape Field (now Yuanhou) and Tucheng Upper and Lower Ferry and headed for Gu Lin and Xuyong areas in southern Sichuan.

The Red Army crossed Chishui and reached southern Sichuan, causing great panic among the enemy. Chiang Kai-shek urgently ordered the strengthening of the Yangtze River defense and the redeployment of the "pursuit" of the Red Army to mobilize the army to gather prestige. Mao Zedong and others think that the main enemy forces have been attracted to the border of Sichuan and Yunnan, and the enemy forces in northern Guizhou with Zunyi as the center are empty, so they decide to move eastward and cross Chishui to get rid of the enemy's attack.

The sudden pursuit of the "comeback" by the Central Red Army was completely unexpected to the enemy. Soon, the Red Army captured Loushanguan, 60 kilometers north of Zunyi, and occupied Zunyi for the second time. The Red Army, which captured Zunyi, continued to develop southward and hit the north bank of Wujiang River. In this way, the Central Red Army defeated and annihilated eight regiments of two enemy divisions and seized a large number of military supplies. This is the biggest victory of the Red Army since the Long March. Chiang Kai-shek organized a new siege. In order to avoid passivity, under the command of Mao Zedong and others, the Red Army crossed Chishui in Maotai on March 16. The Red Army reappeared in southern Sichuan, and Chiang Kai-shek judged that the Red Army had to cross the Yangtze River to the north again and mobilized troops to intercept it. Mao Zedong made a decisive decision, and resolutely decided to cross Chishui with Li Si, in order to seize the strategic initiative. 1March 22, 935 On the night of 2 1935, the Red Army crossed the Chishui River covertly and quickly via Taipingdu, Erlangtan and Jiuxikou. At this point, the Central Red Army, under the command of Mao Zedong, jumped out of the encirclement designed by Chiang Kai-shek to eliminate the Red Army in the north of Wujiang River and the Sichuan-Guizhou border region, and dumped hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops to the north of Wujiang River.

(3) Break through Lazikou

Time: 1935 September 17.

Venue: Lazikou, Lazi Township, northeast of Diebu County, Gansu Province

Strength: The 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the Red Army and the 3rd Regiment of the 2nd Battalion of the Kuomintang Army.

Results: Red Army soldiers paid a heavy price by frontal assault and cliff climbing tactics, and conquered the natural barrier of Lazikou in the early morning of September 17.

The most difficult battle broke through Lazikou

Lazikou is about 30 meters wide, and there is a narrow ravine extending upward between the two cliffs. A river in the mountain is rushing down, and there is a wooden bridge on the river at the pass, which spans the steep walls on both sides and is the only way to cross Lazikou. Chiang Kai-shek deployed two divisions in Minxian and Lazikou areas. Two battalions of Lu Dachang are stationed in Lazikou, 1 Battalion guards the pass, 1 Battalion deploys the triangle valley behind the pass, and the main division is deployed in the area from the north of the pass to Minxian County, ready for reinforcements. They built bunkers on bridges and cliffs to form a crossfire network. Mao Zedong clearly knew that if Lazikou was in danger again, the Red Army would attack it, or it would have to return to the grassland. Wujiang River, Jinsha River and Dadu River did not stop the Red Army from advancing, but the Red Army came over on the snowy mountain grassland. Mao Zedong decisively issued the order of "taking the Lazikou in two days".

On the afternoon of September 17, the Red Army 1 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division launched a fierce attack on Lazikou. However, due to the unfavorable terrain, the troops could not be deployed. From afternoon to midnight, continuous charging failed for more than a dozen times. They decided to divide the troops into two ways. A route led by Yang Chengwu, the political commissar of Company 6, attacked from the front at night and seized the wooden bridge. Wang Kaixiang, the head of the other team, led the company 1 2, quietly detoured to the right of Lazikou, climbed the steep cliff and touched the enemy's back. The battle began again, just as the frontal battle was fierce, the circuitous troops had touched the cliff on the right side of Lazikou. A Miao warrior with an iron hook and a long pole climbed the steep wall first, and then wrapped the leggings connected in advance around the trunk and put them down. The soldiers behind him pulled their leggings one by one. They suddenly appeared behind the enemy, scaring him out of his wits, throwing down their guns and running.

After passing through Lazikou, the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment led by the CPC Central Committee occupied Hadapu in Gannan on September 20th. At this point, the CPC Central Committee and the main force of the Red Army finally walked out of the Tibetan areas with snowy mountains and grasslands, breaking Chiang Kai-shek's plot to "trap" the Red Army by using harsh natural conditions. Xia Bing

(4) Xiangjiang bloody battle

Time:1934165438+1October 25th-65438+February 2nd.

Location: Xiangjiang River Basin in northern Guangxi

Strength: 86,000 Red Army and 300,000 Kuomintang.

Results: The Red Army was reduced to 30,000 people (according to accurate research, the Central Red Army lost 20,000 people after crossing the first three blockade lines and lost 30,000 people in the whole Xiangjiang Campaign), and its strength was greatly weakened. However, the Red Army soldiers used their flesh and blood to block the siege of the Kuomintang troops in a narrow area and broke through the fourth blockade.

The worst bloody battle in Xiangjiang River.

Xiangjiang Campaign took place in the dry season of Xiangjiang River in the early winter of 1934. The vanguard Red Army, which just broke through three blockade lines, was able to wade across the river smoothly. However, the follow-up troops failed to cross the river in time because of the narrow roads and too much luggage, and were besieged by Xiang Army and Gui Jun. The Red Army lost opportunities again and again, and the large troops still marched according to the routine. On average, they only walk more than 30 miles every day, and it takes them four or five days to reach Xiangjiang River. Such a marching speed gave the enemy a chance to readjust its deployment and wiped out the favorable situation of the Red Army.

165438+1On October 29th, Xiang Army and Gui Jun swarmed in, and the enemy launched an attack on the Red Army crossing the river. The Red Army troops were unable to strike back under the sudden blow, and the green Xiangjiang River suddenly turned into a river of blood. In order to cover the safe crossing of the river by the CPC Central Committee, the Red Army soldiers on both sides of the strait fought to the death with the superior enemy. The two sides fought hard for five days and five nights.

On the red army's sniper position, shells and large explosions were heard, and many soldiers who had no time to build fortifications were bruised and bleeding. The Red Army, with its single equipment, must use its flesh and blood to resist the indiscriminate bombing of enemy planes and heavy artillery, and the cruelty of the battle can be imagined. However, the slogan of "defending the central column to cross the river safely" still resounded over the position.

Geng Biao, head of the 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the Red Army Corps, recalled: "The headquarters of the Corps was completely mixed in the position, and the commander took the radio and gave orders directly to the nearby troops. Before the incoming call is translated, the translator usually gives a second command. These telegrams all have the words "urgent" in front of them, and all require soldiers to "stop with all their strength" and "guarantee time" ... "

65438+February 1, the fighting reached a white-hot level, and the Kuomintang army launched an all-out attack in an attempt to recapture the ferry. This is a battle of life and death, but also a contest of will. The Red Army soldiers simply defeated the enemy's entire company and battalion with bayonets and grenades. The blood of countless Red Army soldiers spilled on both sides of Xiangjiang River, and the ferry was always in the hands of the Red Army. This is a tragic scene with bodies everywhere. Xiao Feng's Red Army Corps 1 Division 3 Company lost more than half. He wrote in his diary: "The cook carried the rice burden, and when he saw that no one ate the delicious food, he cried while walking." "You know what? People here didn't eat much fish before. " Today, 70 years later, Vice Minister Liu of the Propaganda Department of Xing 'an County Committee of Guangxi pointed to a plate of fish on the dining table and told reporters. "Before doing my present job, I was responsible for compiling county annals. After the Xiangjiang Campaign, many people around here stopped eating Xiangjiang fish. There is a saying that' don't eat Xiangjiang fish for three years'. I think you should know what this means. "

Not only did the villagers dare not eat fish, but after several days of hard work, this place, which is famous for its beautiful scenery, could not even drink water. "When I crossed the river, it was to protect the columns of the central authorities from crossing the river in Shi Wen in the lower reaches of the boundary river. At that time, I only heard gunshots, but I didn't see a fight. However, I clearly remember that the Xiangjiang water at that time was red. " Old Red Army Chen recalled the past and his voice choked.

It is not far from Xing 'an County to Sanguantang, the boundary of the headquarters of the Red Third Army Corps. There are only a few scattered villages in the middle, and there are several hills that are not very high but extremely steep. One of the largest villages is called Guanghuapu. Passing by the road, there are ripe rice on both sides, and you can see the smoke curling at the foot of the mountain from a distance.

Lieutenant General Luo Yuanfa, a young political commissar who once appeared in the book "Red Flag Fluttering" and now 96-year-old "steel-toed general", was interviewed by this reporter in Beijing and told his thrilling fighting experience when he followed the Long March of the Central Red Army. ...

Secret telegram of the Red Army in the bloody battle of Xiangjiang River

1934165438+1From October 25th to February 2nd, the Central Red Army fought bloody battles with 300,000 Kuomintang troops in the Xiangjiang area in northern Guangxi. After the bloody battle in Xiangjiang River, the Red Army dropped sharply from 86,000 at the time of departure to 30,000, which was greatly weakened.

1934 65438+On February 2, 2004, a briefing on the enemy situation on the radio of the Central Military Commission mentioned: "The 5th Division of the Third Army Corps suffered great losses in this battle, and its division commander and political commissar died. Now there are only more than 600 regiments in the 13th and 14th regiments, and there are four or five hundred people in the 15th regiments ... "This briefing on the enemy situation marked" Secret Translation "is recorded in 65438+. More than 3,900 people from CMC 14 Regiment, 15 Regiment and Artillery Battalion participated in the war, and 13 Regiment fought with the regimental headquarters. The opponents of the Red Army are two divisions and another regiment of Guangxi warlords, with more than * * * 13000 people. After three days and two nights of bloody fighting, Hu Zheng, chief of staff of Red 5 Division, and Huang Mianchang, head of 14 regiment, were killed, Bai Zhiwen and Luo Yuanfa, political commissar of 14 regiment and head of 15 regiment, were seriously injured, and most of the battalion cadres of the two regiments were killed.

There are also mistakes in the introduction of the enemy. Li Tianyou, the commander of Red 5 Division, and Zhong Chibing, the political commissar, did not sacrifice. Li Tianyou later became the founding general of the Republic of China and served as the acting commander of the Guangzhou Military Region. However, Chen Shuxiang, the commander of the 34th Division of the Red 9 Army Corps, Cheng Cuilin, the political commissar, and 5,000 Red Army soldiers who came to meet the defense were lost on the east bank of Xiangjiang River. As the general guard of the whole army, the 34th Division was wiped out on the east bank of Xiangjiang River in order to cover the retreat of the Red Eighth Army. Chen Shuxiang, a teacher, was seriously injured in the abdomen, was captured, and then committed suicide by tearing his intestines. More than 200 officers and men of the scattered 34th division, led by Wang Guangdao, chief of staff of the division, persisted in guerrilla warfare in southern Hunan and finally all died.

The enemy briefing also recorded: "15 division arrived from Fujian a few days ago ... the 43rd and 44th regiments were defeated, and most of the communication equipment personnel were captured." The 15 division mentioned here is the young international division known as the "youngest Red Army" and belongs to the Red 5 Corps. The average age of the whole teacher is less than 19. The 43rd Regiment is an avant-garde division. When it broke through four blockade lines, it fought many times and suffered heavy casualties.

On February 3, 65438, the Military Commission Radio reported the intercepted casualties again in the enemy briefing: "The enemy talked about our Third Army ... harassing it from time to time. It is said that I have suffered more than 10,000 casualties these days." By this time, the Red Army had all crossed the Xiangjiang River, with more than 10,000 casualties. After crossing the river, the Red 5 Division was reduced to a regiment. The Red 8 Corps, which was just formed before departure, lost more than three-quarters of its 10,000 people. This Red Army unit, which only existed for more than two months, together with the Red 34th Division, disappeared from the establishment of the Red Army forever.

During the 368-day campaign, the Red Army, the main force of the Red Army, fought 15 large-scale battles all day, and 15 days was spent in Armageddon, with an encounter and more than 380 battles almost every day.

(5) The Battle of Zhiluo Town

Time:1935165438+1February 2 1-24.

Strength: more than 65438 regiments of the Red Army and 5 divisions of the Kuomintang.

Results: The Red Army annihilated the Kuomintang Northeast Army 1 Division and 1 Regiment, captured more than 5,300 people and seized more than 3,500 guns.

When evaluating the impact of this campaign, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "The battle in Zhiluo Town laid the cornerstone for the task of the CPC Central Committee to put the national revolutionary base camp in the northwest."

The most brilliant battle, the battle of zhiluo town.

"On the fourth day of the tenth lunar month, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a' military secret meeting' in Dongcun. At that time, Chairman Mao personally drew a geographical map and arranged when to start. Red 29 army in Xu Haidong, and our first and second guerrilla detachments. On the ninth day of the tenth lunar month, more than 200 people were dragged to the earth stockade, which was solved without any trouble. That night, we ate a big copper pot at the foot of the mountain, wore sandals and went to the earth stockade. The next day, I played all day. The war came quickly, fiercely and fiercely. Without giving the Kuomintang a chance to consider and breathe, it lost more than 20 thousand people. The Kuomintang did not' recruit' to live. " Hong Chau, a 90-year-old veteran of the Anti-Japanese War, recalled.

At that time, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized five divisions of the Northeast Army, with four divisions of Dong Yingbin as the west road, from Qingyang and Heshui in Gansu to the east of Hulu River; Take Wang Yizhe Department 1 Division as the east road, advance along the west of Hulu River in an attempt to advance east and west, and encircle the area between Hulu River and Luohe River. 1935165438+1On October 20th, the Kuomintang vanguard unit 109 Division entered Zhiluo Town, the battlefield preset by the Red Army, under the cover of aircraft. At the same time, Kuomintang 106,11Division entered Heishuisi area in the northwest of Zhiluo Town.

The north and south mountains of Zhiluo Town are undulating, and there is a long and narrow valley in the middle, which is not convenient for large troops to spread out. The Red Army lies in ambush on the surrounding mountains. 2 1 dawn, the battle started. The Red 1 Corps attacked from the north, northwest and northeast, and the Red 15 Corps attacked from the south, southwest and southeast. The Kuomintang 109 Normal University was completely annihilated. Niu Yuanfeng, the division commander, led more than 500 remnants and occupied an earthen village in the southeast of Zhiluo Town, ready to stick to aiding Vietnam.

Under the interception of the Red Army, the 106 Division and11Division who came to help evacuated to Taibai Town, northwest of Zhiluo Town, on the afternoon of 23rd. Fuxian aided the enemy 1 17 division also fled back to Fuxian. At midnight on 23rd, 109 division commander Niu Yuanfeng ventured to break through. After being discovered by the Red 15 Legion, it was completely annihilated on the morning of 24th, and Niu Yuanfeng shot himself. The battle of Zhiluo Town ended successfully.