After the defeat of the first revolutionary civil war, the China * * * Production Party held an armed uprising in Nanchang, Jiangxi on August 1927.

After Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei betrayed the revolution in succession in 1927, they frantically slaughtered the producers and revolutionary masses in China in an attempt to destroy the revolution with bloody slaughter. Because the central government neglected the extreme importance of mastering the army in the first revolutionary civil war, most of the troops were controlled by the Kuomintang. The armed forces that China's * * * production party can master or influence are mainly concentrated in the Second Army of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army under the command of Kuomintang Zhang Fakui, including He Long and Ye Ting. In the face of the grim situation after the failure of the Great Revolution,1In July, 927, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Provisional Political Bureau in Hankou, and decided to launch a military riot of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army in Zhang Fakui, and set up a former enemy committee with Zhou Enlai as its secretary. Later, it was discovered that Zhang Fakui was on Wang Ching-wei's side. The Central Committee immediately gave up the illusion of relying on Zhang Fakui and decided to launch military actions against the Kuomintang governments in Nanjing and Wuhan independently, namely the Nanchang riots. On July 27th, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Hui, Peng Pai, Ye Ting, Nie and other leaders of Jiangxi Party organizations attended an important meeting in Nanchang, and a staff committee with Liu Bocheng as the chief of staff, Ye Ting and He Long as members, and He Long and Ye Ting as the commander-in-chief of the former enemies was established. 1 in August, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng, under the control and influence of China * * * Production Party, led an army of more than 20,000 people and declared an uprising in Nanchang, Jiangxi. After more than four hours of fierce fighting, knock? /kloc-more than 0/000 people seized more than 5,000 guns, 6,543.8+0,000 rounds of bullets and several cannons, and occupied Nanchang City. After the victory of the uprising, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Nationalist Party, composed of 25 members including Soong Ching Ling, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting and Zhu De, was established, adopted the Declaration of the August 1st Uprising and other documents, and put forward revolutionary slogans and programs such as "Down with imperialism", "Down with old and new warlords" and "Land to the tiller". Subsequently, according to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's scheduled plan, the uprising troops left Nanchang from August 3 to 6 and marched south to Chaoshan, Guangdong. The purpose of doing this is to prepare to join the peasant uprising army in Dongjiang, Guangdong Province, which is rich in revolutionary tradition, launch the agrarian revolution, March into Guangzhou, restore the revolutionary base areas in Guangdong Province, seize the seaport, obtain international assistance from * * *, and resume the Northern Expedition. Uprising troops defeated the interception of reactionary Kuomintang troops in Ruijin, Huichang and other places in Jiangxi, then passed through Changting, Fujian, Shanghang and Tai Po, Guangdong, and occupied Chaozhou and Shantou in late September. The main force marched westward, passing Jieyang to Tangkeng. At the beginning of 10, the westward troops and troops stationed in Chaoshan were besieged by superior enemy forces, and most of the uprising troops were scattered, and some broke through to Hailufeng to join the local peasant armed forces; The other, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, moved to southern Hunan through southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong to carry out guerrilla warfare. 1928 1 With the cooperation of local party organizations and peasant armed forces in southern Hunan, the "Nianguan Uprising" was held in Yizhang. Because of the "co-suppression" by the superior enemy, the uprising troops and peasant armed forces withdrew from southern Hunan and arrived in Jinggangshan in April of the same year to join forces with the troops led by Mao Zedong to form the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army. Later renamed the Fourth Army of the Workers and Peasants Red Army.

Although the Nanchang Uprising failed, it fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, which was the beginning of China's independent leadership of the revolutionary war and the establishment of the revolutionary army, and the starting point of the second revolutionary civil war.

On July 1933 and 1 1 day, the central workers' and peasants' democratic government made a resolution to designate August 1 day as the Chinese workers' and peasants' red army memorial day, and the August 1st Army Day was commemorated for the first time in the same year. 1949 June 15, China People's Revolutionary Military Commission issued an order, stipulating that the word "August 1st" is the main symbol of the military flag and emblem of the China People's Liberation Army.

Wuchang Uprising

19 1 1 After the failure of Huanghuagang uprising, some revolutionaries decided to turn their targets to the Yangtze River basin and prepare to launch a new armed uprising in the two lakes region with Wuhan as the center. Through the efforts of revolutionaries, the epoch-making Wuchang Uprising was finally successfully launched in1911(191the first month of the lunar calendar)+10. The victory of the uprising gradually led to the demise of the Qing Dynasty.

19 1 1 On the eve of the Wuchang Uprising in, various social contradictions in China intensified, people rebelled constantly, and revolutionaries launched an armed uprising. 1906, the Qing court threw out "preparatory constitutionalism", but its essence was to increase the royal power, and the majority of constitutionalists were extremely dissatisfied with it; 1908, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu passed away one after another. The three-year-old Xuan Tong Emperor Puyi ascended the throne, and his father Zai Feng was the Regent. 19 1 1 May, there were nine Manchu (seven of them were royalty) and four Han. The constitutionalists, known as the "royal cabinet", were disappointed, and a few people joined the revolutionary party. In order to gain foreign support and maintain the rule, the Qing court nationalized the commercial railways in Guangdong, Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan, and then sold them to foreign countries, which led to a large-scale people's resistance movement-the road protection movement, in which Sichuan was the most intense.

Get ready.

Two revolutionary groups, Literary Society and * * * Progressive Association, carried out revolutionary propaganda work in Hubei New Army, developed revolutionary forces in the new army and actively prepared for the uprising.

After the uprising

In order to put out the people's uprising in Sichuan, the Qing court sent Duan Fang, a minister, to lead some new Hubei troops into Sichuan to suppress it, which weakened the defense force of the Qing army in Hubei, and the revolutionaries decided to launch an uprising in Wuchang. 191114 In September, the Literary Society and the * * * Progressive Association, under the impetus of the League, set up a unified uprising leading organ to jointly fight against the Qing Dynasty. On September 24th, two revolutionary groups held a joint meeting and decided to launch an uprising on June 6th, 65438/KLOC-0. The activities of the revolutionaries were noticed by the Hubei authorities, and they were on guard everywhere. In addition, the important leaders of the League, such as Huang Xing and Song, failed to reach Wuhan, and the uprising was postponed.

654381October 9, Sun Wu and others accidentally caused an explosion while preparing a bomb in the Russian Concession in Hankou. Russian patrol arrived at the news and searched the revolutionary party roster, uprising proclamation, etc. Let the cat out of the bag. Ruicheng, governor of Huguang, ordered the closure of four cities and searched for revolutionaries everywhere. In desperation, the Revolutionary Party decided to immediately launch an uprising on the evening of October 9th 12, 65438. However, Wuchang city was heavily guarded, and the standard camp revolutionary army could not get in touch, so the plan for that night fell through.

The revolutionaries in the new army contacted themselves and agreed to launch an uprising on the night of June 10 with the sound of guns. On the evening of June+10 10, 65438, the Revolutionary Army of the Eighth Battalion of the New Army Project fired the first shot of the Wuchang Uprising and seized the Chuwangtai Ordnance Station near Zhonghemen. Wu was elected as interim commander-in-chief. Tens of thousands of rifles, dozens of guns and hundreds of thousands of bullets were seized, which laid the foundation for the victory of the uprising.

At this time, the revolutionary army of the trench team, artillery battalion and engineering team stationed outside Wuchang also launched an uprising with the torch as its name and gathered in Chuwangtai. Cai, the 29 th target of Wuchang City, and Xing Wu Han, the 30 th target, also led some uprising soldiers out of the camp and rushed to Chu Wangtai; Later, the standard camp revolutionaries inside and outside Wuchang City also led the uprising and rushed to Chu Wangtai. The number of insurgents reached more than 3000.

10 10 In the evening, 10, the insurgents attacked the Governor's Mansion and the nearby eighth town headquarters in three ways. He also ordered the guns that had entered the city to occupy the launching positions of Zhonghemen and Sheshan and bomb the headquarters. At first, the insurgents did not have a strong command, and the attack was frustrated by the lack of troops. In the afternoon 12, the insurgents attacked again, broke through the enemy lines and set fire near the headquarters. Marked by fire, artillery near Sheshan and Zhonghemen fired at the light. Ruicheng, governor of Huguang, broke the back wall of the governor's house and fled from the Yangtze River by boat. The eighth town has taken control of Zhang Biao and is still resisting in the Ministry. After repeated attacks, the insurgents finally occupied the headquarters and the town headquarters before dawn. Zhang Biao withdrew from Wuchang, and the whole Wuchang was under the control of the insurgents.

Moved by the wind, the revolutionaries in Hanyang and Hankou recovered Hanyang and Hankou on the nights of June+1 October 65438+1October/Sunday 65438 and June+1October 65438 respectively. After the rebel army took control of the three towns in Wuhan, it established the Hubei military government, elected Li as the viceroy, changed the country name to the Republic of China, and called on the people of all provinces to revolt and respond. Just two months after the victory of Wuchang Uprising, thirteen provinces including Hunan and Guangdong declared their independence from the Qing government. 1 91265438+1October1,the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, and Sun Yat-sen was elected as the provisional president. 19 12 February 12, the Qing emperor Puyi abdicated and the Qing Dynasty perished.