Because he was very clever, his uncle, a diamond prospector, decided to send him to study in America. 65438-0935 studied in the United States, studied economics and sociology at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, and obtained a bachelor of arts degree from 65438-0939. After 1939, he entered the theological seminary of Lincoln University and the University of Pennsylvania successively, and obtained a bachelor's degree in theology and a master's degree in education from 1942. 1943, Master of Philosophy. At the same time, he has also taught in many African-American universities such as Lincoln University. During my stay in the United States, I extensively studied the works of Kant, Hegel, Descartes, Nietzsche, Marx, Engels and Lenin, seeking ways for African colonies to follow their own path. Appreciate the idea of "returning to Africa" and establishing the United States of Africa (also known as "Pan-African United States") advocated by Marcus Garvey, the leader of the African-American movement, and strive for the complete liberation and reunification of Africa for life.
During his stay in the United States, nkrumah began to engage in political activities, actively established the American-Canadian African Students' Federation, and served as the chairman, publishing the African journal African Translator, promoting the idea of national liberation and African unity. Keep in touch with famous American black leaders paul robeson and William Edward Berghard Du Boise. /kloc-0 went to England in June, 1945, and studied for a doctorate at London School of Economics and Gray Law School successively. Encouraged by the colonial national liberation movement after World War II, he resolutely devoted himself to the struggle for national independence. Shortly after arriving in London, he joined the West African Students' Federation and was elected as the vice chairman.
During his stay in London, he also met George Padmore, an activist of Ghana's independence movement. Influenced by Padmore, he gave up his studies and made up his mind to devote himself to the decolonization of Africa. He also participated in the preparations for the Fifth Pan-African Congress (1held in Manchester in June 1945), and drafted Challenge to Colonial Powers and Tell Colonial Workers. After the meeting, he was elected as the secretary-general of the newly established Pan-African Parliament Working Committee, responsible for formulating and implementing the program of the congress and coordinating the struggle of the colonial people in Africa and the West Indies. At the same time, he organized West African delegates to attend the London Conference, established the West African National Congress, and served as the Secretary-General. 1946 In March, he presided over the publication of New Africa (a monthly magazine), which publicized the idea of African unity and nationalism and put forward the slogan of striving for African unity and complete independence.
In order to strengthen the unified action of West African people in the struggle against colonialism, nkrumah went to Paris and worked out a plan to establish a socialist union in West Africa with African members of the French National Assembly, such as Sulu-Migan Apithy, Léopold Sédar Senghor and Felix Houphouet-Boigny. A secret organization "circle" has been established among the West African students studying in Europe-a pioneer in the struggle for reunification and national independence in West Africa. He presided over the West Africa Conference twice in London, established the British Colored Workers' Union, and served as the chairman of the Gold Coast Trade Union Conference.
1947165438+10 was invited to return to China to lead the anti-colonial struggle. With a keen interest in socialism and pan-Africanism, nkrumah returned to Ghana, known as the "Gold Coast", and served as General Secretary of the Gold Coast United Congress Party in June 1948. He went to all parts of the country to publicize and mobilize the masses, and at the same time reorganized the Party's organization and developed party member, which enabled the Party to quickly expand the "colonial area" centered on Accra to the whole country. 1948 In March, he was arrested for supporting the mass movements of veterans and workers demanding jobs, increasing wages and boycotting foreign goods, and demanding that the British colonial authorities hand over administrative power to the provisional government of the Gold Coast. After his release in July, he founded Ghana College with his own salary to train the backbone of the struggle. Accra Evening News was first published on September 3rd, 1948, and Morning News was published in the form of Secondy on September 2nd, promoting the nationalist thought of striving for autonomy or independence. Establish a youth Committee of the United Congress Party throughout the country.
1949, 12 In June, because he advocated "immediate autonomy", he parted ways with the Conservative Party leader of the United Congress Party, who advocated Britain's change of attitude towards the colonies, and established the People's Congress Party, which was elected as chairman and general secretary. He proposed non-violent "positive action" and all constitutional means (strategic action), that is, to confront the British government in a non-violent and non-cooperative way and immediately realize full autonomy. 1949165438+1October 20th presided over the National Congress, vetoed the draft Kumasi Constitution concocted by the British colonial authorities, and demanded that the Gold Coast be given full autonomy within the Commonwealth immediately. 1949 12 founded the weekly mail, calling on the people to boycott the draft constitution of Kumasi. 1950 65438+1On October 22nd, he was arrested and imprisoned again for initiating a national general strike, and was sentenced to three years' imprisonment.
1951February, the gold coast people's congress party won more than 90% of the votes in the national legislative assembly election and won 34 of all 38 universal suffrage seats. Nkrumah was elected to the Legislative Assembly with the highest personal vote of 22,780 in the country's history, and was released as the leader of government affairs on February 12. 1On March 5th, 952, the British government approved nkrumah's proposal to amend the constitution, and the leader of government affairs was renamed as the Prime Minister, whose authority was only lower than that of the British Governor and higher than that of British ministers. In July 1953 and 10 proposed to amend the constitution again, demanding that Britain declare the Gold Coast an independent and free country of the Commonwealth.
1In June, 954, the People's Congress Party won the general election and nkrumah was re-elected as Prime Minister. 1956 In July, the People's Congress Party defeated the opposition party demanding federalism in the national election and won 72 seats in the Legislative Assembly 104. Nkrumah, who insisted on centralization, continued to serve as prime minister. Britain's attempt to use the different opinions of various parties on constitutional amendment to obstruct the independence of the Gold Coast failed. 1956 In August, the Legislative Council passed the independence bill submitted by nkrumah. 1On March 6th, 957, the Gold Coast became the first black African country to gain independence after World War II, and its name was changed to Ghana, with nkrumah as the first prime minister of Ghana.
Nkrumah advocates that African countries that have achieved independence should try their best to help people who are still struggling, and take the complete liberation and reunification of the African continent as their own responsibility. 1958 In April, the conference of African independent countries was launched, emphasizing strengthening unity and cooperation and supporting Algeria's struggle for independence. 1 1 In June, Ghana-Guinea Federation was established, and the system of exchanging ministers between Ghana and Guinea was established. In February 65438, he presided over the first All-African People's Congress, denouncing the colonial system and demanding the complete liberation of Africa. 1961April, Ghana, Guinea and Mali established the "African Union" and formulated its statutes. 1963 in may, he called for African unity at the African summit, which promoted the establishment of the organization of African unity and turned a new page in the national independence movement of African countries. Nkrumah is also the initiator of the Non-Aligned Movement and has made positive contributions to the rise of developing countries.
Set out to eliminate the remnants of colonialism in China. Implement the africanization of cadres and promote Africans to serve as officers of the armed forces; Establish law schools and train their own judges and lawyers. We will implement the policy of giving priority to the state-owned economy and coexistence of five kinds of economies. Two-year (1957~ 1959) consolidation plan and the first five-year plan (1959~ 1964) were formulated. 1 July, 960,1announced the establishment of the Republic of * * *, abolished the system of taking the Queen of England as the head of state, established the presidential system of * * *, and was elected President of the Republic of Ghana, concurrently serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, President of Ghana Academy of Sciences and President of Ghana University. /kloc-0 was re-elected as president in June, 1965. 1965,10,21-1966, Chairman of the Organization of African Unity. After 1962, we stepped up socialist experiments, formulated a "seven-year economic development plan", set up large-scale state-owned and collective farms, and carried out large-scale heavy industry capital construction. 1963 was awarded the International Lenin Peace Prize.