During the Battle of Stalingrad and the Soviet-German War in World War II, The Soviets fought a defensive campaign (1942 July17-110/0/8) and an offensive campaign (1942 65438), in which the Soviets participated successively. The left wing of the Voronezh Army, the Volga River Fleet and the German high command in the air defense area of Stalingrad Military Region continued to strengthen the military strength of the Eastern Front by taking advantage of the fact that Europe has not yet opened up a second battlefield. This enabled the Germans to attack the south wing of the Soviet-German battlefield in the summer of 1942, thus entering the oil-rich areas in the Caucasus, the Don River, the Kuban River and the lower reaches of the Volga River. In order to attack Stalingrad, the German Sixth Army was transferred from the "B" Army Group (the commander was General paulus). By July of 17, the group army had 13 divisions (about 270,000 people, 3,000 guns and mortars, and about 500 tanks). The aviation of the 4th Air Force (nearly 1200 combat aircraft) is responsible for providing support. The base camp of the Soviet high command transferred the 62nd, 63rd and 64th armies from the reserve and moved to Stalingrad. 12 in July, the Stalingrad Army was established (the commander was Soviet Marshal Timoshenko, and from July 23rd, it was Lieutenant General Goldov). In addition to the above three group armies, the former Southwest Army 2 1, 28, 38, 57 and the Eighth Army of the Air Force were also incorporated into this unit. Since July 30th, the 5 1 Army of the North Caucasus Army has also been incorporated into this army. Among them, the 57th Army, the 38th Army and the 28th Army (based on these two army groups, the 1 Army and the Tank 4 Army were later formed) served as the reserve team. The task of Stalingrad's army is to defend the 520km area of Fiona Fang and stop the Germans from advancing. When the army started this task, there were only 12 divisions (16,000 men, 2,200 guns and mortars, and about 400 tanks). The Eighth Army of the Air Force has 454 aircraft. In addition, long-range aviation 150-200 bombers and air defense aviation 102 division 60 fighters also participated in the war here. German personnel are 0.7 times more than Soviet troops, artillery and tanks are 0.3 times more, and planes are 1 times more. The basic forces of the army are concentrated in the bend of the Don River, which is occupied and defended by the 62nd and 64th armies to prevent the Germans from crossing the Don River and marching towards Stalingrad along the shortest road. In the preparation and implementation of the defensive campaign, the army has done a lot of party and government work. 1942 The requirements set forth in Order No.227 of the People's Committee of the Ministry of National Defense are the basis for carrying out party and government work. The essence of the requirement in the order is "never take a step back!" In this slogan. Commanders, political workers and party organizations have taken all measures. Let every soldier understand the requirements of the order. The workers in Stalingrad gave great support to the army. In Stalingrad, four defensive Guo were built close to each other, namely, outer Guo, middle Guo, inner Guo and urban Guo. Although these fences were not completed before the battle began, they played an important role in urban defense. The Stalingrad City Defense Committee and the State Party Committee took various measures to consolidate the militia and strengthen the city's fire control, so that the workers in the whole state were prepared to persist in the struggle behind the enemy lines. The defensive campaign began far from Stalingrad. From July 17, the vanguard detachment of the 62nd and 64th Army fought fiercely with the enemy for 6 days and nights on the first line of Kuer River and Zimra River. This forced the German Sixth Army to expand part of its main force, thus gaining time to improve the defense in basic areas. On July 23, the 62nd Army and the 64th Army began to compete for the main defensive zone. The Germans tried to surround and attack the Soviet flank of the Don River bend, then marched into Karachi and entered Stalingrad from the west. However, the tenacious defense of the 62 nd and 64 th Army and the counter-assault of the 1 4 th Army Tank Corps broke the German attempt. Before August 10, the Soviets retreated to the left bank of the Don River, occupied the outer defense line of Geller, Stakh, and prevented the Germans from advancing. As early as July of March1year, the German high command was forced to transfer the Fourth Tank Army (commander was General Holt) from the Caucasus to Stalingrad, and its vanguard troops advanced to the towns of Koje and Nikovsky on August 2, which formed a direct threat to Stalingrad from the southwest. The first battle near the southwest of Stalingrad began. In order to defend this direction, on August 7th, a new army was formed from the Le Army of New Dallinger, namely the Southeast Army (the 64th, 57th, 5th 1 Army, the 1st1Army of the Guards, the 8th Army of the Air Force and the 62nd Army with General Eremenko as the commander). On September 9-10, the southeast army launched an anti-assault, forcing the fourth army of German tanks to temporarily turn to defense. Until August 17, 2007, the Germans were still surrounded by peripheral defenses. On August 19, the Germans attacked again, trying to attack Stalingrad from the west and southwest at the same time. On August 23rd, the 6th Army Tank 14 Army suddenly reached the Volga River north of Stalingrad. The Germans tried to raid the cities along the Volga River from the north. All the troops in the Stalingrad military region-level air defense zone played an important role in fighting this assault. On the same day, the German Air Force dispatched about 2,000 sorties to bomb Stalingrad. In the air battle over the city, Soviet pilots and antiaircraft gunners shot down 120 enemy planes. The Soviet high command took measures to destroy the German group that suddenly arrived at Fupengkou River. The High Command transferred the 24th Army and the 66th Army from the reserve, and together with the various army groups of the Stalingrad Army, carried out a flank counterattack against the Germans from the north. This led to the transfer of some troops of the German Sixth Army and improved the situation of Stalingrad defenders. The Germans were blocked in the northwest suburbs. However, the German high command continued to increase its strength. At the beginning of August, the Italian Eighth Army went into battle in the northwest of Stalingrad, and at the end of September, the Romanian Third Army went into battle. The basic forces of the German Sixth Army concentrated on directly seizing the city. By the end of September, more than 80 German divisions had participated in the "B" Army Group that attacked Stalingrad. The main German army has moved to Stalingrad. The German high command tried to capture Stalingrad in the shortest time. On September 12, the Germans also approached the city from the west and southwest. Since then, the 62nd Army under the command of Lieutenant General Cui Kefu and the 64th Army under the command of Major General Shumilov have been responsible for urban defense. Fierce street fighting took place in the city. During this period, the Guards 1 Army and the 24 th and 66 th Army carried out almost continuous counterattacks in the north of the city in September, giving strong support to the defenders of Stalingrad. The 57th and 5th1Army launched a local offensive campaign to the south of Stalingrad, which contained the Germans. On September 28th, the Stalingrad Army was renamed the Don Army (commander is Lieutenant General rokossovsky), and the Southeast Army was renamed the Stalingrad Army (commander is General Elemenko). 65438+1October 65438+May, the Germans suddenly arrived in a narrow area around Stalingrad tractor factory along the Volga River. 165438+1October 1 1, they tried to capture the city for the last time and rushed to the Volga River south of the roadblock factory. But this is the last time the Germans succeeded. 1942165438+1October 18, the defensive phase of the Stalingrad campaign finally ended. At this stage, the fascist Germans killed or injured about 700,000 people, lost more than 2,000 guns and mortars, more than 65,438 tanks and assault guns, and more than 65,438 combat planes and transport planes. Hitler's plan to quickly capture Stalingrad and 1942 the whole summer and autumn war plan went bankrupt. The Soviet army showed indomitable will and perseverance in defense, showed superb military skills and collective heroism, exhausted and consumed the main German groups fighting near Stalingrad, thus creating favorable conditions for turning into counterattacks. The Soviet high command made the Stalingrad counterattack plan in the defensive campaign. General zhukov and General Aleksandr Vasilevsky, representatives of the base camp, played an important role in making the counter-offensive plan. The counter-offensive attempt is to carry out surprise attacks from the Don River landing site in Serafimovic and Kaya, Creitz, and the Salpa Lake area south of Stalingrad, smash the cover forces on the two wings of the enemy assault group, develop attacks along the centripetal direction of Karachi and Soviet Army Tsky, and surround the main enemy forces fighting directly near Stalingrad. By mid-June 1 1, the counter-offensive was ready. Before the counter-offensive, in the direction of Stalingrad, the Southwest Army (Guards/KOOC-0/Army, Tank 5th Army, Air Force 2/KOOC-0/Army, Air Force/KOOC-0/7 Army, with Lieutenant General Wa Tuting as the commander) and the Don Army (Air Forces 65, 24, 66 Army,/KOOC-0) Commander is Lieutenant General rokossovsky) and Stalingrad Army (No.62, 64, 57, 5 1, No.28 Army, Air Force No.8 Army, commander is General Emenko), with a total of 1 106000 men and 15500 guns. The face-to-face enemies of the Soviet army are the Romanian 3rd Army, the German 6th Field Army, the German 4th Tank Army and the Romanian 4th Army, which belongs to the German B Army Group (the commander is Marshal Wedges). * * *10/.10290 guns and mortars, 675 tanks and assault guns. Soviet troops are more than German troops 10%, artillery and mortars are more than 50%, tanks and self-propelled artillery are more than 1.2 times, and combat aircraft are more than 10%. During the preparation and implementation of the counter-offensive, the work of the party and the government in many aspects played a great role in mobilizing the army. The purpose of this work is to establish soldiers' confidence in victory, inspire high offensive spirit, and ensure a rapid breakthrough in the enemy's defense and development of offensive. On June165438+1October 19, the Southwest Army and the 65th Army of Don River Army launched a surprise attack, which started the counterattack. The preparation of artillery was carried out before the impact of infantry and tanks. With the support of artillery fire, the regiments of the 5 th Army and 2 1 Army of the Southwest Army advanced 4-5 kilometers in depth near 1 1. In order to complete the breakthrough, 1, 26th, 4th Tank Corps, 3rd Guards Corps and 8th Cavalry Corps successively fought in this area. By the end of the day, the southwest army had advanced 25-35 kilometers. Due to the fierce resistance of the Germans, the 65 th Army only advanced 3-5 kilometers. Stalingrad Army (57, 5 1 Army, 64 Army Left Wing Corps) began to attack on1October 20th 165438+, and broke through the German defense line on the first day, ensuring that the tanks 13 Army, Mechanized Army 4 and Cavalry Army 4 entered the breakthrough. The tank army and mechanized army of the two armies acted in depth in the campaign and advanced rapidly in the direction of Karachi and Soviet Army Tsky. At the same time, Skaya in Raspopin completed the siege of Romanian heavy armed groups, and the cavalry and infantry regiments of Guards 1 Army, 5th Army of Tanks and 5th Army1Army developed their attacks to the southwest and south, which constituted a positive external surface surrounded by the whole German Stalingrad Group. With the improvement of the weather, the aviation of 17 and 16 and a unit of the 8th Air Force and the 2nd Air Force began to support the Soviets. 165438+1On October 23rd, the rapid corps of the Southwest Army and Stalingrad Army joined forces in Karachi, Soviet Army Tsky and Marinof Card (see Karachi-on-Don), and surrounded all the Sixth German Army and the Fourth Tank Army of a * * * 22nd Division, as well as more than 60 independent armies of/kloc-0. On the same day, the German Raspopin Skaya Group surrendered. After the arrival of the infantry regiment, a continuous encirclement was formed. 165438+Before June 30th, the Soviet army compressed the encirclement and reduced the enemy-occupied area by more than half. However, due to the lack of troops, the German group could not be separated and annihilated from the March. At the same time, along the northern line of Krivaya River, Chiler River, Don River and Kotelnikov Ski Town (now Kotelnikovo City), a 500-kilometer-long encirclement was formed. 65438+February 65438+February, the German high command tried to carry out a surprise attack from the town of Kotnikovsky to rescue its besieged troops. But the German tank division was blocked in the Wa River in Mesko and was immediately defeated. Almost at the same time as the implementation of the Battle of Kotnikov, the Soviet troops in the middle reaches of the Don River launched an attack from 12 to 16. The attack forced the German high command to finally give up the plan to rescue the besieged group. By the end of 65438+February, the Japanese left wing, southwest army and Stalingrad army in Voroney had defeated the Germans in front of the camp and repelled their remnants 150-200 km. This created favorable conditions for eliminating the German troops besieged in Stalingrad. The Soviet Union's air blockade in June+February, 5438 shattered Germany's air supply attempt, during which more than 700 enemy planes were destroyed. By the beginning of 1943, the total strength of the German group had been reduced to 250,000, leaving only 300 tanks, 465,438 guns and pursuit guns, and 100 combat aircraft. Tangjun (the 66th, 24th, 65th, 2nd1,57th, 64th, 62nd Army of the Air Force,16th Army) is responsible for annihilating the besieged group. This army has 0.7 times more cannons and twice as many planes as the enemy, but its personnel and tanks are one-sixth less than those of the Germans. On behalf of the voronov artillery general, the High Command led the enemy annihilation battle in a unified way. After the Germans refused to accept the proposal urging them to surrender, the army turned to attack on June 5438+ 10/0 after heavy artillery fire preparation and air fire preparation. According to the campaign attempt (see "The Ring"), the 65th Army launched a large-scale assault in the direction of Stalingrad from the west. In the Great Patriotic War, artillery supported the impact of infantry and tanks for the first time, and fired with Xu Jin barrage. By the end of June 65438+10/October 12, the Soviets had approached the second defense zone of Rososhka River. In order to break through this area, the main force was transferred to the 2 1 military region. After the army regiments resumed their attack on June 5438+1October 15, they arrived in Wo Robono Wo and Vero Soska before June 5438+1October/July, where they were again resisted by the Germans. In the tenacious battle of June+10/October 22-25, 5438, the Corps crushed the German resistance on this line. 65438+1On the evening of October 26th, 2 1 Army joined forces with the 62nd Army attacking from Stalingrad on the northwest slope of Mamayev. The German team is divided into two parts. 65438+1October 3 1, the South Cluster of the Sixth Army stopped resisting under the leadership of Marshal Paulus, and the North Cluster surrendered on February 2. From 65438+ 10/0 to February 2, Tang Jun captured 9 10000 enemy soldiers, and the Germans were killed in the Soviet attack by about 14000 people.