Philosophically speaking: if the line, principles and policies implemented are in line with the reality at that time, they are correct; If we go beyond the objective reality at that time and do something immature, it is left-leaning recklessness (adventurism); If we lag behind the reality at that time and don't do something when conditions are ripe, it is generally called right-wing conservatism (capitulationism).

During the war, the "Left" in the Party tended to be closed-doorism and the "Right" tended to capitulate. Therefore, we should oppose "Left-leaning" and "Right-leaning", but mainly the aggressiveness of "Left-leaning" (opposing "Zuo Zuo's Right"). In peacetime, the "left leaning" within the party tends to be utopian and the "right leaning" tends to compromise, so we should also oppose "left leaning" and "right leaning", but mainly "right leaning" conservatism. In fact, the difference between "left" and "right" has a long history. During the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,000 years ago, the great Chinese philosopher Laozi said, "A gentleman's residence is more important than the left, and fighting is more important than the right." .

The "Great Leap Forward" movement refers to the extreme "Left" line movement carried out by China's * * * production party nationwide from 1958 to 1960. It was launched on the basis of the Third Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and its continuous erroneous criticism 1956 that anti-aggression is "Left". 1958 In May, the Second National Congress of the Eighth CPC officially adopted the general line of "building socialism with all efforts, striving for the upper reaches, and building socialism quickly and economically". Although the starting point of this general line is to change the backward situation of China's economy and culture as soon as possible, it is impossible to change the backward situation of China's economy and culture quickly because of ignoring the objective economic laws. After the general line was put forward, the party launched the "Great Leap Forward" movement. The "Great Leap Forward" movement pursues the high-speed development of production, aiming at achieving high indicators of industrial and agricultural production. The output of major industrial and agricultural products is required to increase several times or even dozens of times. For example, it is proposed that the steel output ratio of 1958 be doubled from 3.35 million tons to10.7 million tons, and the ratio of 1959 to 1958 be doubled from10.7 million tons to 3000. The grain output of 1958 is 80% higher than that of 1957, from 390 billion Jin to about 700 billion Jin, and 1959 is 50% higher than that of 1958, from about 700 billion Jin to about1050 billion Jin. The Great Leap Forward movement pursued large-scale construction and put forward various slogans of "doing great things" and "doing special things" by the whole party and the whole people. For example, the whole party and the whole people make great efforts to smelt steel, run railways, run 10 thousand pig farms and run 10 thousand chickens. Under such a goal and slogan, capital construction investment has expanded rapidly. In the past three years, the total investment in capital construction reached 654.38 billion yuan, almost twice the total investment in capital construction during the first five-year plan period. The accumulation rate suddenly increased sharply, and the average annual accumulation rate for three years was as high as 39.6438+0%. Because insisting on achieving those unrealistic high goals will inevitably lead to the prevalence of blind command and exaggeration, and the lives of the broad masses have encountered serious difficulties. From June 1958+065438+ 10 to July 1959, the central authorities of Mao Zedong and China tried to correct the mistakes they had noticed and took a series of measures to reduce the industrial and agricultural production index 1959. The Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee wrongly criticized Peng's so-called right-wing anti-party clique, and then the whole party launched an "anti-right" struggle, which interrupted the efforts to correct the mistakes and further developed the "left" mistakes within the party. 1960 proposed that we should keep the Great Leap Forward for a long time, continue to demand that industrial and agricultural production reach unrealistic high goals, or unfairly criticize the goal of 1959' s compression in the first half of the year, blindly emphasize the opposition to Right Deviation, and put all our energy into it. In the case of food shortage in various places, we will continue to increase infrastructure investment and infrastructure projects, and the annual output of steel should not be less than one ton. High indicators, blind command and boasting are rampant again. The three-year "Left" deviation from the Great Leap Forward in 1958 led to a great imbalance in the proportion of the national economy and caused serious economic difficulties.

Due to the lack of understanding of the laws of socialist economic development and the basic situation of China's economy, and the lack of experience in socialist construction, Mao Zedong and others were complacent in the face of victory, eager for success, and exaggerated the role of subjective will and subjective efforts. Therefore, after the general line of socialist construction was put forward, the "Great Leap Forward" movement was launched rashly without serious investigation and study.

In mid-May, the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that China should surpass Britain in ten years and catch up with the United States in fifteen years in terms of the output of major industrial products below 15 (so-called "catching up with Britain and catching up with the United States"). Mao Zedong called on everyone to get rid of superstition, emancipate their minds and carry forward the spirit of thinking, speaking and doing. After the meeting, all fronts in the country set off the climax of the "Great Leap Forward". In August, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting in Beidaihe, determined a number of high indicators of industrial and agricultural production, and proposed that the steel output should be doubled in 1958 as an important step to realize the Great Leap Forward, reaching10.7 million tons.

After the meeting, the whole country formed the climax of national steelmaking and people's commune. 1958 At the end of the year, in order to satisfy Mao Zedong's wish, the state doubled the steel output compared with that in 1957, put forward the slogan of "taking steel as the key link" and called on the whole people to make steel. However, because the technology is not up to standard, only a large amount of scrap iron is refined, which has caused great waste. Steelmaking requires iron ore, coke, fuel and other materials. Due to the shortage of iron ore, the whole people did not go to the fields to farm, but all went to the mountains to mine, and the grain output was greatly reduced. They also threw the ironware at home into the fire, and it turned into a knot in one's heart. Because of the lack of fuel, we have to cut down the forest on the mountain and cut down one green hill after another, causing natural disasters in the future. In fact, these natural disasters are man-made. It is said that most of the green litchi trees in Zengcheng were cut down in this robbery. Moreover, the building materials for building blast furnaces are insufficient, and even the cultural relics buildings are demolished, and the furnaces are made of bricks. It is also said that cultural relics should also serve steelmaking.

In sports, "Left" errors marked by high indicators, blind command, exaggeration and * * * wind are rampant. From the first Zhengzhou meeting of 1958 1 1 to the early Lushan meeting of 1959, the Central Committee tried to lead the whole party to correct the mistakes it had noticed. However, in the late Lushan meeting, due to the wrong criticism of Peng and others, the "anti-Rightist" struggle was launched throughout the party, which made the mistakes last longer and caused great losses to the national economy.