1935 February 16 On that day, the Red Army received an order that could be used as the slogan of the Long March: "We must be prepared to take the main road as well as the small road. We should be prepared to go straight and take detours. We can't damage the property because we may come back. "

Although this was an order issued by the Central Military Commission, it can be regarded as purely Mao's handwriting. In the next six weeks, this slogan dominated the fate of the Red Army. The Red Army advanced and retreated. This kind of thing is hard to happen. Chiang Kai-shek and his commanders were puzzled by this. * * * The Kuomintang often takes nearly a week to receive information about the whereabouts of the production party troops. Mao's own generals are sometimes confused, especially his disciple Lin Biao. He complained that the troops were transferred too quickly, the pressure was too great, and he needed a rest. His objection was rejected.

Chiang Kai-shek anticipated that the Red Army would make new moves, crossing western Guizhou and advancing toward the Yangtze River, thus mobilizing his troops. However, when his troops were ready, the Red Army was moving in the opposite direction. After crossing the Chishui River in Taipingdu and Erlangtan, the Red Army quickly turned back on its way back to Zunyi and reoccupied Tongzi on February 24th. Before the Red Army arrived, a company of local troops escaped.

At that time, some Red Army commanders opposed the dazzling curve March. Lin Biao is one of them. At least in today's anti-Lin Biao atmosphere, people recall that in order to reduce the pressure of marching, he suggested slowly approaching the throat of Zunyi-Loushanguan. According to intelligence, Loushanguan was heavily guarded by the enemy, and Lin Biao tried to act one day later to give the troops a breathing space. Brave Peng said that they had better take advantage of the enemy's weakness and attack at dawn the next day-February 26. The CMC agreed with Peng. During the Long March, Peng and Lin Biao had many disputes, and Peng's opinion always prevailed. This is one of them.

The troops marched at high speed. Even Peng admitted that the continuous March exhausted them. At eight or nine o'clock in the morning on 26th, Wang Jialie, a warlord from Guizhou, led his troops from Zunyi, trying to stop the Red Army before it reached Loushanguan. At about 1 1 o'clock, Peng got the information. Other troops are still 45 miles away from Loushanguan (1 1 or 12 miles). Peng ordered the troops to run forward (they have been running for several days).

This is a race against time. In this March, SanJunTuan under the command of Lin Biao. However, it was Peng who led the Third Army Corps to occupy the steep Loushanguan a few minutes earlier than the enemy at about 3 pm on February 26th, and won. When his troops climbed to the top of the mountain overlooking Zunyi, they found that the enemy troops on the north side of the mountain were only two or three hundred yards away from them. That was close. Peng reported that his troops suffered only 100 casualties.

Today's Loushanguan looks like a broad and quite gentle slope. Trucks and buses converged into a continuous stream of traffic and climbed to the top of the black bee. Fifty years ago, there was a wide dirt road between the steep Loushanguan double walls for cars and animal-drawn vehicles to pass. The Red Army did not go by land. Because taking a horse will deviate from the path specified in the order and slow down.

Peng's troops occupied the main peak of Loushan five minutes ahead of the enemy, which was the first good news for the Red Army and its great victory in the Long March. There was only one regiment guarding Loushanguan, which was defeated by Peng's troops. Before nightfall, the Red Army had firmly controlled the mountain pass. But there are eight regiments of Wang Jialie between Loushanguan and Zunyi, and two divisions led by enemy general Wu Qiwei are approaching here.

On February 27th, the Third Army came down from Loushan Pass with thunderous momentum, and the same army quickly advanced to Zunyi, and all the enemy troops encountered along the way were defeated. In the next few days, they wiped out eight regiments of two enemy divisions, killed 3,000 enemies, captured 2,000 people, and seized rifles 1000 and bullets 1000. The Kuomintang news agency admitted that it had suffered "extremely heavy losses".

However, the Red Army also suffered losses, and Deng Ping, the chief of staff of the Third Army who personally directed the attack on Zunyi, died in this battle. 1 1 When the regiment was frustrated in climbing the city wall, he was observing it with a field telescope on a hill 400 yards away. He asked Zhang Aiping, the political commissar of the regiment (1985 was then Minister of National Defense) to order another attack. A scout came to report that an inner wall blocked the attacking troops. The scout's action attracted the attention of the enemy. They fired fiercely at the observation post. Deng Ping was shot and died instantly.

Kong Xianquan, a veteran scout, led his men to participate in the Battle of Loushanguan as commandos. They are equipped with light and heavy machine guns, and their guns are hung on their holes. When Zunyi was conquered for the first time, everyone had a new military uniform, but now there are still not enough clothes. Men in Kong only have four cotton tops per 12 people, and everyone should take turns to wear them. Commandos came to Suiyang County, south of Loushanguan. Halfway from Zunyi, a Kuomintang shell exploded near the mouth of the cave, and shrapnel smashed his hip. He was carried to Zunyi on a stretcher and sent to a Roman Catholic church, where a surgeon anesthetized him with "opium water" and performed an operation.

That night, the old church was crowded with the wounded. Kuomintang planes tried to stop the Red Army's attack by bombing. Hu Yaobang, 1984, was the general secretary of the * * * production party, 18, then the head of the * * * youth league, and was attached to the 13th regiment of the vanguard of Peng Third Army. Hu Yaobang is one of the 32 members of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League who participated in the Long March. When he arrived in northern Shaanxi, there were only 14 or 15 survivors among them. Hu is short, energetic, thin and strong. Shortly after the Long March, he suffered from typhoid fever and has now recovered. He is a member of the Central Working Team of the Red Army, and he is very proud of it.

On the afternoon of February 27th, Hu Yaobang and his propaganda team stood by not far from Zunyi City. Once the troops defeated the enemy's main resistance, Hu Yaobang went to town to help maintain order. A group of low-flying Kuomintang planes roared down, and a shrapnel hit his right hip, causing serious injuries.

Hu Yaobang was pulled to Zunyi on a stretcher and sent to a Catholic church. There, Dr. Wang Bin operated on him. 1984, Dr. Wang Bin, who is over 80 years old, is still alive. Hu Yaobang considers himself the best surgeon in the Red Army. Wang Bin was one of several doctors treated by Zhou Enlai who was dying of liver abscess during the Long March. He was a Kuomintang surgeon who was captured by the Red Army and won over with preferential treatment. He used to be a major. Hu Yaobang recalled: "The Red Army's policy is to win over technicians, especially operators, medical personnel and people who can use heavy machine guns."

After the operation, Hu Yaobang sat on a stretcher for a few days, and then rode a horse. On horseback, he felt the wound very painful. He rode for eight or nine days and gave his horse to people who needed it more.

"I have turned my back on death," Hu Yaobang said when recalling the situation. "There is no choice. We can only keep fighting. If you don't fight, you will be killed. "

Hu Yaobang was impressed by Inspector Kong Xianquan. In Zunyi, some important figures of the Red Army were injured. One is Luo Ming, the famous representative of "Luo Ming Line" and former secretary of Fujian Provincial Party Committee. He was also hit by a bomb. So is Zhong Chibing, political commissar of SanJunTuan.

Hu Yaobang recalled: "Confucius kept us awake all night." . "He kept shouting,' Kill! "kill!" This is the slogan that the Red Army soldiers shouted when they charged the enemy. "

Kong Xianquan was injured in a small village called Heimiao, south of Loushanguan. After Zunyi operation, he was carried on a stretcher. His hip was broken and the wound didn't heal. He sat on a stretcher for more than two weeks until he arrived in qianxi county, Bijie Prefecture, Chishui River, where he was left to recuperate. He stayed in bed for 20 months.

However, Kong Xianquan's situation is not too bad. The leaders of the Red Army made good arrangements for him. A doctor and a hygienist stayed to take care of him, gave him more than 300 silver dollars for living expenses, and placed him in a rich local family. The red army told the rich man: you are responsible for the safety of this man, and we will thank you for protecting him; If there is any mistake, only you ask. He also left some silver dollars for doctors and health workers as living expenses and medicine expenses, and left Kong a list of medicines he needed.

This is a very special treatment. At that time, the "Red Army Regulations" stipulated that if necessary, officers at or above the regimental level who were injured or sick must walk the whole Long March on stretchers. Kong is just a battalion officer. He is famous for his bravery, so he gets special treatment. The average Red Army wounded left behind are usually 10 to 15 silver dollars.

The rich man who took Kong in had a good impression on the Red Army. He is superstitious and thinks the red flag is a symbol of good luck. The Red Army soldier who sent Kong to the rich man's house took a photo of the rich man and one of his houses and said to the rich man, "Don't forget." They warned, "We have photos and we will come back to check on you."

An incident happened in Xi, and Chiang Kai-shek was detained. So the Kuomintang and the * * * production party group formed a United front. Shortly thereafter, the local governor called on all Red Army soldiers to come out of their hiding places and promised to pardon them. However, Kong's landlord, the rich man, wouldn't let him go. He said, "If the Red Army comes back in three or four years and you are not here, how can I prove that I will protect you from harm?"

Later, Kong recovered and went out to work as a bricklayer. Others called him a "lame bricklayer". 1940, Kong gets married. After his wife died, he got married again on 1950. 1984, he had 7 children, 4 males and 3 females. He said, "If I have so many children today, people will send me to the hospital for castration." * * * After the production party came to power, it held a small administrative position. 1966 during the "cultural revolution", he was arrested, said he was a traitor, and let him March on a truck.

Kuomintang general Wu Qiwei led the remnants of two divisions to flee south to Wujiang River. The first and third army corps followed closely, and they chased for a whole day, neglecting to eat and rest. After catching up with Wujiang River, Wu Qiwei is ordering his troops to start crossing the river, but they haven't all crossed the river yet. After the Red Army arrived, he quickly ordered to cut off the bridge cable fixed on the south bank. The pontoon bridge staggered into the rapids and was smashed to pieces. General Wu 1800 people were left on the north shore, so they had no choice but to surrender to the Red Army.

The victory of Loushanguan is encouraging. For weeks, Red Army soldiers have been running and marching, unable to eat or sleep. After one battle after another, everyone is exhausted to the extreme. The victory boosted their morale. As Peng said, the Red Army actually won two battles: one in Loushanguan and the other on the banks of Wujiang River. The victory gave the Red Army a much-needed supplement. The Red Army assembled the captured officers and men, and the propagandists of the * * * production party spoke, and then mobilized them to join the Red Army. 80% of the people participated and formed a new Red Army Division. Each recruit received three silver dollars and also issued the seized guns. If you don't want to join the Red Army, I'll give you a toll. You tell them that you can go anywhere, southeast and northwest. Zhu De personally talked with captured officers, both senior and junior. He introduced the Red Army's purpose of resisting Japan and saving the nation, hoping that all the soldiers in China could form a united front.

Peng has a new political department director, who is. Liu later became the main target of China, president and the "Cultural Revolution". Liu was 35 years old. In China, he is tall, but not as tall as a hair. He was born in a fairly wealthy peasant family, and his hometown is about 35 miles from Shaoshan, the birthplace of Mao Zedong. As far as getting rich is concerned, the Liu family is one generation behind the Mao Shi family. When Liu's father and uncle became middle peasants, Mao's father was already a rich peasant. Liu Shaoqi's brother later became a wealthy farmer and hired farmers to work for him like Mao's father.

Liu Shaoqi arrived at Changsha First Normal University a little later than Mao Zedong, and then he went to Beijing, where he met Mao Zedong. Liu Shaoqi wanted to work and study in France, but he didn't have enough money, so he went to Moscow on 19 19 and became a * * * party member on 192 1. Together with Mao Zedong, he organized the strike of Anyuan coal miners, which made their relationship closer. As an orator, Liu Shaoqi is energetic, well-trained, honest and talented, but he is quiet in his personal life. He likes playing with his children. One of the games he taught them was playing poker.

At the beginning of the Long March, Liu was the central representative of the Red Eighth Army. He survived the fiasco in Xiangjiang River and was later transferred to the Red Fifth Army. Now, he is having an affair with Peng. He took part in the whole process of the Long March and was later sent to northern China to do dangerous underground work.

Liu Shaoqi attended the Zunyi Meeting. He had a long talk with Peng. Peng told me that his soldiers were not afraid of marching or walking at night, and they were afraid of falling behind because of illness.

The Red Army dashed west again. At this time, Mao, together with Wang Jiaxiang, was officially elected as a member of the three-person military command group from March 1 1. Since then, the Red Army has adopted an unprecedented tactic of diverting from the east to the west and confusing the enemy. The purpose of doing this is simple, that is, to get rid of the enemy and move north. Chiang Kai-shek has sent well-equipped Zhou Hunyuan troops to the south of Zunyi. Kuomintang generals were ordered to do their best to prevent troops from crossing the river. Moreover, it is stipulated that they shall not act without Chiang Kai-shek's instructions. In Chiang Kai-shek's view, blocking the Yangtze River is foolproof. Unless Mao can lure these troops out of the fortress, they will pose a fatal threat to any attempt of the Red Army to cross the river.

In fact, Mao Zedong has given up the plan of crossing the river directly from here, but he wants to convince the Kuomintang that this is still his intention. In fact, at this time, he has decided to move westward to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River-crossing the Jinsha River.

Recalling this situation, Liu Bocheng said: "The Red Army took the initiative, and he soon infiltrated the chaotic Kuomintang troops. Sometimes, it seems that the Red Army is advancing eastward, but in fact it is advancing westward. The puzzled enemy thought that we were going to cross the river and infiltrate northward, but in fact we were going to turn around and hit them again. "

One day, Mao Zedong drew a line on the map. He said: "If we want to win, we must lead the Yunnan army out of Yunnan." Only in this way can Mao cross the Jinsha River.

In the field, rape began to turn yellow, wheat turned green, sorghum in black soil grew gratifying, and rice seedlings in rice fields turned green. On the road shaded by mulberry trees, the Red Army is marching. Sometimes they walk and sometimes they run. Their goal is to win Maotai. Grapefruit is still precocious. This big, ugly fruit looks like a deformed big grapefruit with many kinds of seeds. The harvest season in the field has not yet arrived, and the poppies in the field have already bloomed in light white, light blue and pink colors.

Although the March was exhausting, the morale of the troops was high. The Red Army won a great victory and got rid of the gloomy mood that has been weighing on the Red Army since the Long March began on June 6th 1934+65438. After the bitter experience of Qinggangpo, Mao Zedong was full of confidence. He wrote the first sentence in the Long March to congratulate Loushan on his victory:

Xiongguan road is like iron,

Now start from the beginning.

From the beginning,

Cangshan is like the sea,

The sunset is like blood.

The troops stubbornly crossed the village and passed the small sugar factory. They grabbed some sugarcane stalks and chewed them with their teeth, letting the sticky sugarcane juice moisten their thirsty throats. In the warm sunshine, women sit in front of the house and pound rice with big clay pots. Half-naked children are playing in the dust. As we approached Maotai, the Red Army saw some small breweries, each with a big copper steamer, gooseneck and fermenter. A colorless and transparent white wine is brewed in such a workshop.

Maotai is a messy village with about 3,000 to 4,000 residents who live on a steep bank 60 feet high along the Chishui River. The streets are narrow and muddy, and the houses are mixed with plaster or mud and branches, some with thatched roofs and some with red tiles. Over the small village, the pungent smell of sorghum and wheat mixture during fermentation was filled. This is a business done by Maotai people-brewing an almost pure alcoholic liquor and transporting the wine and opium to Sichuan. Maotai is the center of transporting these two kinds of goods. It is also a big transit point for salt. Salt was transported by a caravan from Sichuan. The merchant unloaded the goods, loaded them with wine and opium and took them back. The people in Maotai are poor, but the winery owners and businessmen are rich. When the Red Army suddenly appeared, all the rich people fled. "

Today, Moutai is mainly produced by state-owned distilleries, concentrated in more than a mile along the river. Chishui River is still as turbid, slow and boring as before. On the whole Long March route, Maotai Distillery was the only place where I was not allowed to go in. Don't ask me why. )

According to legend, those naive Red Army soldiers didn't know what Moutai was at that time. They poured into the brewing workshops on both sides of the street, washed their tired and soaked feet with Moutai, and let the wine merge into rivers, flow out of the workshops and drip into mud ditches. Perhaps this absurd story was invented to show the Puritanism of the Red Army. In fact, troops are prohibited from entering the Maotai workshop. Of course, someone still went in, and the consequences can be imagined. There are three big wineries, employing thirty or forty people, and many small family winemaking workshops. It is rumored that Li De drank too much Moutai and was in a coma for a week. This is just a typical example of all kinds of malicious legends about former Red Army consultants. Almost everyone tasted Moutai and packed up the unfinished wine to take away.

I almost won Maotai without firing a shot. The elite troops of the second division of the First Legion captured Maotai, with only 20 casualties. On March 16 and 17, the Red Army crossed Chishui grandly at the ferry near Maotai, and the troops crossed the river day and night at a crossing point, which seemed to attract the attention of the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang immediately discovered this situation and sent planes to harass the Red Army troops. A bomb exploded near Zhou Enlai and hit a house next to his office. People tried to persuade him to hide, but he refused. The explosion was not violent. Some planes threw big stones painted with white ammunition numbers. At that time, the Kuomintang may be temporarily short of ammunition.

It seems that this action is very strange. Of course. Mao Zedong has his own intentions. As soon as the Red Army crossed the river, Mao ordered to stop advancing, and only sent a regiment to the north, with a journey of more than 65,438 kilometers, reaching directly. Gu Lin, a sparsely populated county, has just entered Sichuan. The regiment went to Zhenlongshan again, bluffing all the way to attract attention. They are unpredictable. Some Kuomintang newspapers falsely reported that Guiyang had been occupied by the Red Army. In fact, Mao's purpose was to make Chiang Kai-shek think that the Red Army was ferrying on the Yangtze River, and to urge Chiang Kai-shek to dispatch troops westward as much as possible. When the Red Army troops advanced to the Yangtze River to attract the enemy's attention, Mao Zedong led the main force to quietly return to Chishui River. On the evening of March 2 1, at dawn on March 22, he ordered his troops to cross the Chishui River from three crossing points.

Mao Zedong's strategy worked. Chiang Kai-shek paid close attention to the situation in Chongqing. Now, he thinks that the Red Army's actions are capricious and quite chaotic, and it is already a turtle in a jar, dying and in danger. On March 24, Chiang Kai-shek was accepted by his Australian adviser W? h？ Accompanied by Duan Na and his wife Song Meiling, he flew from Chongqing to Guiyang and set his headquarters in a spacious new building. There is a river in front of the building with pleasant scenery. Now, this building is the office building of Guizhou Hydropower and Forestry Department. At that time, Jiang and his party lived on the second floor. In addition to his personal guards, they also set up a double whistle at the stairs. He also brought a dozen generals.

In Jiang's words, the task of this trip is to tighten the encirclement of the desperate Red Army and destroy it. He deployed 500,000 to 750,000 troops in this area, and the military defense zones were interlocked to prevent the Red Army from crossing the river from the north (Jiang thought this was Mao's intention), or entering Sichuan or Yunnan to the west, or crossing Guizhou to Guangdong and Guangxi to the south, or returning to Hunan and Jiangxi to the east. Jiang is sure that he is really sleepy this time.

In fact, Chiang Kai-shek didn't have many troops in Guiyang. All the senior officers of the 25th Army are at the front line, and Wang Tianxi, director of Guiyang Police Department, has become the highest-ranking officer in the city. Chiang Kai-shek asked him to report the local situation, appointed him as the garrison commander face to face, and had a cordial conversation with him, asking him to move to the headquarters. Wang Tianxi was young and impressionable, which he later admitted. He said: "Chiang Kai-shek's amiable attitude fooled me." A few days later, Chiang Kai-shek began to worry about the inexplicable actions of the Red Army. His commander, Xue Yue, was scolded by him on the phone because he didn't get aerial reconnaissance information for three days. One of his bodyguards told Wang Tianxi that when Chiang Kai-shek was really angry, he would throw the microphone on the ground, beat his chest and swear.

A few days later, it was reported that the Red Army was moving eastward through Xifeng and Kaiyang counties, apparently trying to cross the Wujiang River and attack Guiyang. On March 30th, the Red Army fought several tough battles and broke through the Wujiang River. At this time, Guiyang city also began to get nervous. Chiang Kai-shek sent troops to intercept the Red Army in four or five directions, but Guiyang's troops were empty.

According to some people, Song Meiling, Chiang Kai-shek's wife, was so scared that she began to send telegrams to all parts of the country, asking the troops to rush to Guiyang. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the garrison commander Wang Tianxi to strengthen Guiyang's defense. Wang Tianxi organized a battalion of gendarmes, two companies of firefighters and policemen, 400 people, and spent 24 hours building a new fortification along the city wall. Jiang doesn't believe that this project will be completed so soon. Early in the morning, he, Song Meiling and Duan Na came out to inspect. When they reached the city wall, General Gu ran to report that the Red Army had reached the northeast of Guiyang, only seven or eight miles away from the city. (In fact, the Red Army is passing through Zhazuo at this moment, which is almost 25 miles away from Guiyang. )

Chiang Kai-shek has given orders. Although he didn't know what the consequences would be, he successfully implemented Mao Zedong's brilliant plan. The Kuomintang leader ordered General Sun Du, commander of Yunnan Yunnan Army, to lead three elite brigades to quickly rescue Guiyang. He thought it was enough to resist any attack by Mao. However, Mao did not intend to attack Guiyang, but hoped that Chiang Kai-shek would believe that this was his plan. Chiang Kai-shek asked Sun Du to help Guiyang, in fact, to make way for Mao's troops to attack the Jinsha River.

Of course, Mao Hejiang didn't know this at that time. Sun Du is still a long way from Guiyang, and Mao's troops can reach Guiyang in an hour or two.

"How far is it from here to the airport?" Chiang kai-shek asked anxiously. Wang Tianxi, the police commander, began to estimate the distance. Before he could reply, another report came: the plainclothes team of the producer of * * has been found near the airport.

"It's too late to escape by plane." Chiang Kai-shek pondered anxiously, paced back and forth silently, and then suddenly turned to Wang Tianxi and said, "Find me twenty reliable guides, get some strong horses and two good sedan chairs, and the sooner the better." Wang Tianxi flew to organize an escape convoy. When the sun rose high, he assembled his motorcade and came back to report to Chiang Kai-shek. Just as he was reporting, another news came: the Red Army was bypassing Guiyang and heading for Longli, 25 miles east.

Chiang Kai-shek was silent for a while, looked at the map carefully with a red pencil in his hand, and then said, "I think they have gone back to Jiangxi, Hunan." Just as he was discussing this possibility, General Sun Du of Yunnan Army arrived. He reported that three of his brigades were in the city. Chiang Kai-shek asked Sun Du about the situation. Sun Du cleverly evaded Chiang's question and said, "I believe your opinion."

"I know you must be very tired," Jiang said apologetically, "but I must ask you a big favor and lead your troops to Longli."

Chiang Kai-shek further explained to Sun that he had instructed Xue Yue to intercept the Red Army from Zunyi East and told He Jian to deploy troops in Xiangxi.

"Your officers and men must be very tired," Chiang Kai-shek stressed again. "I will give thousands of dollars as a reward."

The next morning, there was a new alarm: gunshots came from the south of the city.

Chen Cheng, another Kuomintang general, said to Wang Tianxi, commander of the garrison, "Our enemies are really cunning. It suddenly turned to the west and is now moving south. What can we do? "

Wang Tianxi later concluded insightful: "This is a very flexible military action. The Red Army led Chiang Kai-shek by the nose. "

(unfinished)

For more information about the Long March, please refer to www.hybsl.cn and Hu Yaobang Historical Information Network.