1, forged perforated stamps

If a fine-toothed stamp and a coarse-toothed stamp are issued at the same time, or a toothed stamp and a toothless stamp, or a stamp with the same pattern and a small promissory note, when the prices of the two stamps are quite different, the counterfeiters will think of punching holes. For example, when the price of toothless stamps is much higher than that of toothed stamps, the perforations of real stamps are cut off to make them toothless stamps. Sometimes, some stamps with holes are more expensive than those without holes, so stamps without holes will be punched. In addition, a variation is artificially created, which is called "wrong tooth ticket" by specially punching holes in the stamp pattern, or by filling the original holes in the middle of the double ticket, it becomes a "missing tooth ticket".

2. Forged painted stamps

"Color change" and "color leakage" are the main varieties collected by collectors of variant stamp products. It is difficult to accurately express the standard of stamp painting color in words, and it is very difficult to distinguish it, mainly by vision. Using chemicals, changing or eliminating the color of stamps, artificially causing wrong color tickets.

3. Fake watermark stamps

Watermarking when making stamp paper is an important means of anti-counterfeiting. Forgers use the method of stealing the beam and replacing the column to expose the watermark-free stamps, and attach watermark stamp paper from the back to become fake watermark stamps.

4. Fake stamps

Stamping refers to reprinting characters, numbers and patterns on stamps. Stamping is not an easy task, and printing errors are prone to occur, resulting in "variants" such as inverted cover (printing), overlapping cover (printing), missing cover (printing), partial cover (printing), typo, and missing words. In most cases, stamped tickets are used in emergencies, with small circulation and short use time, which are often more precious than the original tickets. Stamps of various "varieties" are even more important for some stamp collectors to buy exotic pets. Among the forged tickets, the tickets with fake stamps are the most numerous and the most difficult to identify.

5. Fake adhesive stamps

Due to improper protection, some or all of the back glue of the early stamps with a long history will fall off, and some will only leave glue marks. In addition, in tropical or subtropical areas, such as southern China, the air is humid and the climate is hot. Many stamp collectors wash off the adhesive after buying new stamps to prevent it from sticking. However, for whatever reason, self-adhesive stamp is not very popular. The reasons are: first, it affects its beauty, and second, it affects its value. In order to make stamps with broken back glue become perfect "new" stamps, ticket changers will apply new glue on the back of these stamps. This kind of fake ticket is generally difficult to identify.

6. Fake paper stamps

Stamp paper is very particular. Different countries, different regions and different historical periods have different papers. Some countries also specialize in making stamp paper, and the production and sales are controlled by the state. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to find the same paper as the original ticket for forged stamp products (especially counterfeit stamp products).

The paper quality of stamps is often one of the important basis for distinguishing authenticity. Forgers often use stamps in magazines or books to artificially change the color and smoothness of paper, thus producing stamps similar to real tickets.

7. False postmark

Forge fake letters to sell tickets or fake envelopes (films), and make various fake postmarks to cover tickets, envelopes and films, mainly in the following ways:

(1). Stamp the past philatelic products with the current real postmark, and the time and place on the postmark are inconsistent. In addition, the philatelic products are stamped with the old postmark that is invalid in private ownership.

(2), privately engraved postmark, stamped with fake stamp products.

(3), black ink hand-painted fake postmark.

8. Fake envelopes

Fake envelopes generally have the following forgery methods:

(1) Stamp the envelope with the real ticket (new ticket). This method can change a large number of fakes.

(2) Use fake tickets and stamp the envelopes with real postmarks, most of which are forged recent real envelopes.

(3) Affix a genuine sales ticket on the envelope and affix a postmark on the seal. In this way, the postmark on the fake envelope, the part on the ticket is real, and the part on the seal is fake.

(4) Take off the stamps on the general envelopes, and affix the letter sales tickets with appropriate postmarks to make the envelopes "precious".

9. Fake postage covers

Fake stamps seen in China are generally printed in large quantities by modern printing machinery, so it is difficult to find the defects in the pattern, so we must distinguish them from the aspects of brush color, printing quality and paper quality. The number of seals printed in this way is relatively large.

10, forged stamps

Due to different backgrounds, the "stamps" made by forgers at will are very complicated and difficult to determine. Here are some examples:

(1) Various stamps printed by international postal merchants.

(2) Various stamps forged by criminals or gangs.

(3) Various stamp products drawn by art lovers.

2 "Elements of Forged Stamps"

1, paper

The paper used in early stamps is confusing. Classical stamps are mostly printed with the highest quality "handmade paper", which is characterized by good toughness and will not be yellow and brittle. The disadvantage is that the thickness is uneven, which leads to the difference in the thickness of classic stamp paper. For example, the first set of stamps in China has this obvious difference. 1878, the first issue of customs Dalong stamps was printed with translucent tissue paper, so it was called "tissue paper Dalong". 1883 the paper used in the third issue is thick and opaque, so it is called "thick paper dragon" stamp. Since then, many countries have adopted "machine-made paper" to print stamps, which greatly improved the uniformity of stamp paper thickness.

Distinguishing paper helps to distinguish the printing age or specific environment of stamps. For example, before the First World War, France's "sowing" stamps were printed in white paper, and inferior gray wool paper was used during the war.

19 18 at the beginning of the founding of Latvia, there was no paper for printing stamps, but a large number of maps left by the German army were used to print stamps. Other countries also use "temporary substitute paper" such as cigarette paper and food ration card to print stamps. This is more common in times of economic difficulties or war.

In China Liberated Area, there are similar stamps printed on substitute paper. 1942 Huainan transportation terminal issued a "draft" stamp without face value, which was issued by Huainan newspaper to correspondents for delivery and communication. It mostly uses the back of waste electronic newspapers. The original telegraph newspaper had code numbers written in pencil and Chinese translations written in pen.

1947 the stamps of Mao Zedong and Zhu De printed by Anton in the northeast (the second edition of Anton) are also printed on substitute paper. What kind of paper is used for this stamp? I have been looking for it for a long time, but I can't find it. In order to find out this problem, Zhang Wenguang, a stamp collector, collected a large number of stamps printed this time. When the backs of these stamps are put together, the portrait of an actress and the words "star notes" appear, which shows that this stamp is printed on the back of the star stationery.

The paper used for special stamps in special environment virtually provides a valuable basis for identifying the authenticity of these stamps.

With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, stamp paper is developing in the direction of standardization and specialization. Like banknotes, special special paper is also used. The special paper for printing stamps is called stamp paper, which is produced by the state and used directionally. This kind of paper is characterized by fine, smooth, strong ink absorption, toughness, soft touch, washability and smoothness. Most countries use stamp paper with this basic feature.

At present, the common forged stamps are mostly coated paper and glossy paper. This kind of paper feels hard, crisp and smooth, and has poor ink absorption. A slight folding will produce creases, and when it is wet or soaked, it will fade.

From 1962 to 1963, four sets of toothless stamps of Mei Lanfang's stage art, children, panda and golden monkey were issued in New China. The paper used is different from the paper of toothed stamps with the same pattern issued at the same time. The paper of the former is thinner, so it is easy to distinguish. Only the toothless ticket "Elk" issued later is exactly the same as the toothed ticket in design and paper, and it is easy to be altered by counterfeiters.

In modern times, in order to expand the material types of stamp products, countries compete to choose some non-paper materials to print stamps. Such as aluminum, silver, silk, plastic, etc.

2. Watermark

All kinds of important documents, securities and paper money in the world are mostly printed on watermarked paper, and watermarking has become an important means of anti-counterfeiting. Early stamps were also printed on a lot of water-printed paper. Stamp watermarks can be divided into three types:

"Single watermark" means that each stamp has a watermark with the same position and pattern, which is also called "one vote, one watermark".

"Double watermark" means that the watermark patterns are arranged regularly and appear repeatedly on the whole stamp, but the watermark patterns on each stamp are different from each other.

"Full watermark" means that a large watermark pattern is printed on a whole stamp, and only a small part of the watermark pattern is printed on each stamp.

Some stamp catalogues list the patterns, locations and types of watermarks in detail, and some are accompanied by illustrations. Because the watermark patterns in general catalogues are observed from the front of stamps, stamp collectors mostly observe watermarks from the back of stamps. Therefore, the graphic watermarks in the stamp catalogue are basically reversed.

Different countries and different periods have different stamp watermark patterns. For example, in 1840, the first set of black penny stamps issued in Britain began to print the "crown map" watermark on paper, which has been used for more than 20 years. 1862 The watermark of Swiss stamps is a double ellipse with a cross inside. From 1923 to 1927, Czech stamps used bodhi leaf graphic watermark, and the watermark was changed to five-pointed star map in 1950s. The watermark of Soviet stamps uses V-pattern in 192 1. The watermark on East Germany stamps consists of the abbreviation "DDR" of the country name.

The earliest stamp with watermark used in China is the "Two Customs Yunlong" stamp issued by the Qing Customs Post on 1885, commonly known as the "Little Dragon" ticket. The watermark pattern on the stamp is an ancient Tai Chi map of China. There is also a 1894 "Wanshou Commemoration" stamp issued by the Qing Customs Post for the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi, and the watermark of the stamp is still a Tai Chi map.

In the early days, some paper mills watermarked all the papers to show that they were factory products. Sometimes, when using this water-printed paper stamp with the name of the paper mill, a special watermark will appear. For example, China's "Taiwan Province Democracy Stamp" (referred to as "Tiger Stamp" for short) issued in 1895 was printed on watermark paper with the name of the paper mill on it. Because the watermark map is discontinuous, it can only be seen on some stamps.

Stamps in the early years of the Republic of China were never printed on watermark paper. Later, the number of fakes increased, and the postal department decided to switch to watermark paper, which was specially customized in Britain. This paper is tough and thin, with the stamp of the Republic of China-the watermark of the word "post" in seal script. Among Sun Yat-sen stamps printed in Hong Kong since 1940, there are 5 kinds of watermark stamps in Chinese, 5 kinds in Dadong 10 and 9 kinds in business 19. There is also the Hong Kong version of the Great Wall aerial stamp issued by 1940. There are a total of 10 kinds of watermarked stamps, all of which are issued together with watermark-free stamps. The situation is more complicated.

New China stamps have never been watermarked. 1992 65438+1On October 25th, China Stamp Corporation issued the first day cover of "Year of the Year Renshen" (Zodiac Monkey) special stamps, which was printed on water-printed paper, and the watermark pattern was the emblem of China Stamp Corporation. This is the first time that new China stamp products have been printed on watermark paper.

3. Printed board

Stamps are postage certificates, which are beautiful and anti-counterfeiting, so all countries in the world carefully design and improve their level.

At present, stamps issued in China are generally printed in three forms: engraving, shadow carving and shadow writing. Engraving is made by carving the original plate on the steel plate through the artistic processing of the sculptor and using gravure printing. It is characterized by thick ink color and clear lines, which can show different levels. Its printing effect is beautiful, which can prevent forgery most, and it is an ideal process for printing securities.

The printing effect of stamps printed by block printing and shadow carving can't be expressed by lithography. For example, two sets of stamps, Special 57 "Huangshan Scenery" and T.46 "Geng Shennian (Monkey)", are block printed, and the lines on the patterns are very clear and can be felt by hands. The fake tickets of these two sets of tickets that appeared a few years ago are all lithographically printed and have smooth surfaces. Experienced stamp collectors can tell it is counterfeit money almost at a glance.

From 1987 to 1988, high-grade stamp products such as "Huangshan Scenery", "Goldfish", "Mei Lanfang Stage Art" and "Peony" sheetlets have even appeared in the postal markets of Nanjing and Jiujiang. The targets of these fakes are mainly the first stamp collectors.

Because of simple operation, high printing quality and low production cost, most stamps in China are photocopied, but these stamps and offset stamps are easily copied by counterfeiting gangs. Coupled with the emergence of color photocopiers, there is another way to imitate. Although the postal and telecommunications departments have added secret notes to prevent counterfeiting when designing and printing stamps, these secret notes are confidential and the majority of stamp collectors still cannot use them to safeguard their own interests. Therefore, philatelists have repeatedly called for more block printing stamps to be the best anti-counterfeiting policy.

Once the newly issued stamps are printed to the specified circulation, they will stop printing and will never be printed again. This is one of the most striking features that distinguish stamps from other securities.

However, under some special circumstances, the postal authorities of some countries will also take out the printed stamps issued that year and reprint new stamps. For example, in 1864, the British postal authorities reprinted the black penny stamps issued in 1840. Issuing "reprint" stamps is not common in the world. Due to the strong opposition from the international philatelic community, few countries dare to take such risks now.

1955 65438+ 10/0, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications decided to reprint 24 sets of commemorative and special stamps issued from 1949 to 1952. The print run of these republished stamps is as high as 2.5 million each, which is six or seven times that of the original stamps. Due to various speculations and misunderstandings in philatelic circles at home and abroad, China no longer publishes special stamps. It must be pointed out that the reason why New China reprints a large number of commemorative and special stamps is to promote the development of philatelic activities. At the beginning of liberation, there were not many postal services in China, and then philatelic activities gradually developed. By the time the philatelic company was established in June1955+1October, there were not many reserved philatelic products available for sale. It is in order to solve the difficulties for new stamp collectors to collect new China stamps, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications has made a decision to reprint the stamps. In order to facilitate postal operators and philatelists to distinguish the difference between original and reprinted tickets, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications also issued relevant documents.

Reprinting stamps is very dangerous for inexperienced stamp collectors. If you can't distinguish the original and reprint stamps, you will suffer economic losses. It is also a kind of fake fraud to pass the reissued ticket as the original ticket. Therefore, it is very important to master the characteristics of reprinting tickets.

4, back glue

The purpose of coating the adhesive layer on the back of stamps is to facilitate sticking when using. The presence or absence of gum and the characteristics of gum are also important basis for identifying the age and authenticity of stamps. For example, most of the stamps issued in the early days of New China were from self-adhesive stamp. The glue used in the early 1960s was mostly dextrin glue, which was thick, yellow and shiny, sensitive to humidity, and easy to stick when the glue surface was wet. In the mid-1960 s, PVA synthetic glue was used, which was pale white and thin, and its brightness was worse than that of dextrin glue. This chemical adhesive has strong moisture resistance and is not easy to self-stick.

Not all stamps have white adhesive, and some countries use special adhesive. These special tapes have become one of the important features to distinguish authenticity.

Some countries have vertical stripes or horizontal stripes on the back glue of stamps, and some countries have watermark patterns to prevent counterfeiting. A set of stamps issued by Czechoslovakia 1923 to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the Republic of China, with checkered stripes on the yellow glue. There is a pattern composed of the abbreviation "CSP" of Czechoslovakia Post in the center. So some stamps can be identified from the adhesive.

There are several ways to distinguish the authenticity of adhesive:

(1) Observe whether the thickness of the adhesive layer is uniform and the color is normal. Especially if there are watermark patterns or stripe patterns on the adhesive, it is necessary to observe and identify them carefully.

(2) pay attention to the perforation. The normal printing process of stamps is to brush glue first and then punch holes. Because counterfeit money is painted with glue after the stamp is punched, the glue will penetrate into the perforation of the stamp and even into the surface of the stamp. If it is found that the piercing tip of the stamp is covered with glue and no paper fiber is exposed when tearing, it can be determined that it is the glue brushed after tearing.

(3) For those fake gummed stamps that are well forged, we must adopt the method of detecting the composition of glue, and carry out strict inspection and analysis to distinguish the authenticity.

Not all stamps in all countries are coated with adhesive. Some countries in tropical areas, with high temperature and humid air, can only issue non-stick stamps. Stamp collectors must understand these situations. If you can't see that modern foreign stamps have no adhesive, you will arbitrarily think that they are forged stamps. In addition, some philatelists living in tropical areas often wash away all the adhesive on new foreign stamps in order to properly preserve their philatelic products and prevent stamps from sticking. This kind of stamp will also cause doubts and misunderstandings of other stamp collectors, but it should be distinguished from non-adhesive fake tickets.

Stamp patterns printed with adhesive backs will produce "paste-on-brush variants". For example, this variant appears in the 20-cent stamp of China Pu23 "Dwellings". Some stamp collectors don't know about it, and they don't distinguish it. They also faded all the patterns on the stamps when they were making this kind of letter ticket.

5. Ticket width and ticket edge

Ticket width refers to the outline size of a single stamp, which is expressed in horizontal × vertical (mm) and the unit is mm. Stamp catalogues generally indicate the size specifications of stamps, most of which refer to the ticket width, and some special stamps (such as toothless stamps or stamps with different perforations) refer to the picture width (that is, the pattern size). Pay attention to this point when consulting the stamp catalogue.

1988 T. 132 "elk" toothed stamp becomes a single toothless stamp, which is difficult to distinguish. The only way is to measure the scale carefully. The tooth print size is 30×40 (mm) and the aperture is1mm. Therefore, toothless stamps with a horizontal side longer than 29 mm or a vertical side longer than 39 mm are generally genuine. Moreover, the perimeter is equal to or less than 29×39 mm, which is basically a false toothless ticket caused by a tooth-changing ticket. Buy toothless stamps, preferably edged or double-sided stamps.

At the beginning of 1989, several counterfeit Taiwan stamp sheetlets and souvenir sheets appeared in some cities such as Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Qingdao and Nanjing. Identification of these fakes can be analyzed from paper, printing, adhesives and other aspects. For example, the genuine paper is thick and crisp, the printing is fine, the adhesive is slightly yellow, and the fake paper is white and thin. Because it is copied, the color of the picture is impure, the handwriting is a little fuzzy, and the fake glue does not stick when it meets water. In addition, there is an important difference. The overall size of these fakes is smaller than the real ticket 1-2mm.

It is intuitive, accurate and convenient to identify the difference by measuring the ticket width. Therefore, it is very important to know the data of stamp width.

The margin of a ticket, that is, the margin paper around the whole stamp, is usually printed with some special marks, patterns, numbers or symbols. Such as: factory name, issuing authority name, seal name, design name, number of sheets, printing or inspection number, color matching marks, color matching lines, cutting control lines, etc. The content of this aspect varies from country to country in different periods.

Edge paper is called "the original file of stamps". All kinds of marks and data recorded on it are not only important materials for studying the layout, printing number and color of stamps, but also reference for distinguishing the authenticity of stamps.

6. Tooth holes

Stamps are punched to facilitate separation and use. Perforation has become one of the important marks that distinguish stamps from other valuable documents.

There are many kinds of perforations on stamps, which change from time to time. Some stamp collectors specialize in collecting and studying stamps with the same pattern and face value but different perforations, which is an important variant. The change of perforation can help us distinguish the authenticity of some stamps.

Early stamps were punched with a backward punch, so only one horizontal row of teeth (a row of perforations) could be punched at a time. Later, the improved piercer added short rows of piercing needles in the horizontal direction. In this way, you can punch a row of holes on the top, left and right sides of a stamp at a time, and then move the position of a stamp down to make a row of holes. This kind of punching machine is called comb-tooth punching machine. Due to the negligence of the operator, both of these piercers may cause partial missing or wrong teeth on stamps.

With the continuous progress of technology, full-sheet punch, drum stamp punch, sheetlet punch and promissory note punch have come out one after another. On these presses, stamps (or sheetlets) will not have some missing teeth.

At the same time, punch holes with different characteristics on stamps.

The holes punched in the four corners of the stamp by the single-line punch are almost inconsistent, and the positions of the holes on the left and right sides of each stamp are not exactly the same. Therefore, irregular holes in the four corners of stamps and sometimes deviated patterns are the main characteristics of single-thread teeth. The four corners and the left and right perforations of the stamps printed by the comb machine are regular in shape. According to the characteristics of punching, it can be concluded which punching machine to use to stamp. Analyze the age of stamps.

The special punching machine is equipped with automatic registration adjustment equipment, and the position of the punched tooth hole is very accurate, and the hole is generally smooth and hairless. However, the boring machine for forging stamps is very simple. Due to the different sizes of steel needles, the control accuracy is not high, which often leads to the dislocation of boring holes, different hole sizes and coarse teeth. Some "flower paper heads", imitation printing tickets and even the modified sewing machine are used to punch holes, and there are obvious loopholes in the spacing, position and aperture of the holes.

The degree of punching can not only distinguish the version and authenticity of stamps, but also distinguish different versions from the smoothness of punching. For example, the first issue of customs Xiaolong stamps issued by 1885 has a perforation degree of 12.5 and is called "Little Dragon with Fine Teeth". Because the hole was punched with an old punch, the perforation was rough and smooth. 1888 the second customs Xiaolong stamp issued in the second issue began to be punched with a new punching machine, and the punching degree was 1 1.5, also known as "rough-toothed Xiaolong".

Among the stamps in the Liberated Area and the early stamps in New China, there are many stamps with "rough teeth" because the punching technology is not up to standard. These special phenomena are also one of the bases for stamp identification.

7. Brush color

The Universal Postal Union stipulates the printing color of stamps, and requires all countries to adopt a uniform brush color according to the different uses of stamps. For example, domestic surface mail stamps are green, foreign surface mail stamps are blue, and foreign postcard stamps are red. There are no specific regulations on stamps for other purposes. At that time, the purpose of this regulation was to be eye-catching in color, easy to use and easy to distinguish between post offices and senders.

With the sharp increase in the types of stamps issued by various countries, especially the emergence of a large number of multi-color printed stamps, the original regulations have been gradually abolished.

Since the early 1930s, due to price instability and frequent postage changes at home and abroad, the portrait stamps of Sun Yat-sen and martyrs stamps issued by Chunghwa Post have been printed many times, resulting in many chaotic situations such as the same brush color, different face values, or the same face value and different brush colors.

For example, Sun Yat-sen's stamps are printed with 4 cents and 5 cents, and 20 cents and 25 cents are printed in the same color. 1.5 points, the same face value has two colors of red and blue, and there is a similar situation for a 2-corner face value ticket. The martyr's stamp 1.30: 50 is basically similar in color, with shades. It is not only easy to be confused when used, but also takes a lot of effort to identify the version.

The version of the stamps in the liberated areas cannot be identified simply by the depth of color. The same version of stamps may also have chromatic aberration.

Many stamps that have been used for a long time or need to be printed in large quantities (especially ordinary stamps) will have obvious differences in brush color because of repeated printing or printing by different manufacturers. Sometimes it's not even the original painting. This large brush color difference caused by printing technology is also a reference for studying and identifying different versions of stamps and different printing times.

The color of the stamp brush will change due to various factors. In addition to natural fading, artificial chemical discoloration is the most common means of counterfeiting.

8. Memory

In order to identify the authenticity and version of stamps, many countries have hidden marks on stamps. This kind of steganography is an identification mark intentionally made by designers, sculptors or printers. Because steganography is generally a subtle change in stamp design or text, it is difficult for ordinary stamp collectors to detect it.

Steganography should be confidential, and postal authorities generally do not disclose the characteristics of steganography. New China only issued 24 sets of republished Git stamps issued in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and made public the different secrets of the original and republished stamps.

Stamp steganography has important reference value for identifying the authenticity and version of stamps. Philatelic enthusiasts are very interested in the study of steganography. They can also find some hidden steganography on stamps and make the steganography of stamps public after the publicity and introduction of postal publications. For example, China's T.78 "Nine Planets Gathering" stamp has a negative character "nine" near the left line of the pattern, and every stamp has it.

Although the steganography on stamps is one of the important contents of stamp collectors' research, it should be pointed out that the causes of steganography and its reference role in identifying forgeries are complicated. We should have a clear understanding of this.

Some of the cheats discovered by philatelists are specially made by printing houses or relevant departments; There are also some steganography, which may be slightly different from the original pattern due to the modification of the seal during printing. Philatelists call this slight difference steganography.

9. Text

The words on the stamps mainly include the following contents:

The face value, the postage amount shown on the stamp and its monetary unit. Some special "no face value stamps", "unit stamps" and "free stamps" all have their specific meanings and expressions.

The name of the country, the name of the country (or region) that issued the stamp, is expressed in words (or patterns, such as the head of the king or crown of England) on the stamp. In addition, there are postal signs. The logo of the country name of the new China stamps is linked to the postal logo, which has always been "China People's Post", and changed from 199 10 to "China Post" 12. Stamps issued by some countries (including the United Nations) are printed in multiple languages.

Ticket name, the text on a stamp, indicates the name (design) of the stamp or the purpose of issuing the stamp.

Record number, a mark on a stamp, indicates the type, group number, drawing number and year of the ticket. Some countries also print the names of stamp designers and sculptors on stamps.

Propaganda text, some countries print explanatory text, slogans, advertisements or stamp group numbers on the back of stamps or attached tickets. For example, a set of stamps issued by 1976 Nicaragua has a large section of Spanish characters printed on the back of each stamp, which introduces the history and anecdotes of the front stamps in detail. 1952, Korean frontline volunteers printed the English words "We fought against Japan in World War II" on the back of the "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression 15 anniversary" stamp in Hebei 15 as one of the paragraphs in the propaganda war against the US military.

All kinds of characters and figures on stamps are the main basis for understanding the country, design significance and postage of stamps, and also provide important conditions for distinguishing authenticity. When some forged tickets have common sense mistakes in face value, ticket name, publicity text, etc. These common-sense mistakes become self-exposed doubts.