1.1In April, 928, Zhu De led the troops to Jinggangshan, just in time for the enemy's "suppression" in Jiangxi. In May, Zhu De successively won battles in Wudoujiang, Gaolong, Caoshikou and Long Yuan. In these battles, some use assault warfare and some use ambush warfare, which is actually the tactics of "the enemy advances and I retreat, the enemy is stationed and disturbed, the enemy is tired and I fight, and the enemy retreats and I chase". 1944, Zhu De said in "Speech at the Symposium on the Compilation of the History of the Red Army Corps": "In the past, since the Revolution of 1911 in 19 1 1, we fought with Beiyang warlords in Sichuan and Yunnan for ten years, always winning with less. The main military experience is guerrilla warfare. I remember when I was studying military affairs in Moscow, the instructor tested me and asked me how to fight when I returned home. I replied,' Fight if you win, and leave if you can't win' and' Drag the team up the hill if necessary'. At that time, I was criticized. In fact, this is the idea of guerrilla warfare. So, at this point, I played a leading role. " In "Red Star over China", Zhu De once said: "The tactics I used to attack the enemy and win great victories were mobile guerrilla tactics, which I gained from my experience in fighting barbarians and gangsters when I was stationed on the Sino-French border." In the Biography of General Zhu De, Liu said: "Comrade Zhu De is the inventor and executor."
Second, because this 16-character formula exists not only in Jinggangshan revolutionary base area, but also in other base areas. For example, in Honghu area, a revolutionary base in western Hunan and Hubei, the guerrilla tactics of "you come and I fly, you go and I return, many people run and few people engage in it" are adopted in guerrilla activities. In the guerrilla warfare in the revolutionary base areas of Hubei, Henan and Anhui, the mode of "concentrating operations and dispersing guerrilla warfare" was adopted; "The enemy advances and I retreat, and the enemy retreats and I advance"; "Take the form of running laps against the enemy" and so on.
3.65438+ 1928 10, Mao Zedong led the troops to conquer suichuan county, and held a joint meeting of Suichuan and Wan 'an county committees in suichuan county. At the meeting, Mao Zedong put forward the "twelve-character formula" of "the enemy advances and I retreat, the enemy is stationed in us, and the enemy retreats and I chase". Chen Zhengren, then secretary of the Suichuan County Party Committee, later recalled in the article "Great Practice of Comrade in Establishing Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base": "I heard Chairman Mao's 16-character guerrilla warfare policy in Suichuan (namely 1928 65438+ 10), especially in the first half of this year."
In this regard, Han Wei also recalled in the article "Chairman Mao taught us to fight with soldiers". 1928, 1928 In February, the revolutionary army of workers and peasants attacked Chaling, and Mao Zedong told the officers and men of the army about tactics. He said: "The impermanent methods in war should be good at discarding the old ones according to the situation of the enemy and ourselves, and changing tactical thinking under the principle of destroying the enemy and saving ourselves. Fighting is like doing business. You can make money without losing money ... He also talked about walking. He said: Even two or three-year-old children can walk, but when it comes to fighting, walking is a great learning! He gave an example. In the past, there was an old bandit in Jinggangshan who had been dealing with' officers and men' for decades and summed up an experience:' I don't know how to fight, but I only know how to circle.' Commissioner Mao said that the circle is a good experience, but of course the bandit circle is negative. We must change it: we must know how to circle and fight. The purpose of beating around the bush is to escape from reality, to annihilate the enemy and to consolidate and expand the base areas. When a strong enemy comes, lead him around first. When his weakness is exposed, we must accurately and firmly grasp it, fight cleanly and grasp it. Finally, he smiled and said,' Fight if you win, leave if you don't win, come if you make money, and don't do anything at a loss'. This is our tactic. "
Zhu and Mao joined forces in Jinggangshan and developed the "twelve-character tactic" into "sixteen-character tactic" through the practice of guerrilla warfare. 1on April 5th, 929, Mao Zedong drafted a letter from the front committee to the Central Committee in Ruijin, which said, "The tactics we gained from the three-year struggle are really different from those at home and abroad. With our tactics, the mobilization of mass struggle is more extensive day by day, and any powerful enemy is helpless. Our tactics are guerrilla tactics. Generally speaking, it is:' divide our forces to mobilize the masses and concentrate on dealing with the enemy'. The enemy advances and I retreat; The enemy is stationed, and I am disturbing; The enemy is tired and I fight; The enemy retreats and I chase'. The separatist regime in fixed areas adopts a wave-like promotion policy. Strong enemies follow and adopt the strategy of turning around. "A short time, a good method, and a large crowd. This tactic is like weaving a net, which should be opened and closed at any time. Opening is to win over the masses, and closing is to deal with the enemy. This tactic has been used for three years. "This letter completely recorded the' 16-character formula' for the first time, and it was also the first time that the' 16-character formula' appeared in historical documents. 1930,65438+In February, the Red Army held a mobilization meeting in Xiaobu. Before the meeting, Mao Zedong personally wrote a couplet: "If the enemy advances, I will retreat; The enemy is stationed, and I am disturbing; The enemy is tired and I fight; When the enemy retreats, I chase; Guerrilla warfare has a good chance of winning. We advance and retreat in moderation, lure the enemy into depth, concentrate our forces, break them one by one, and destroy the enemy by mobile warfare. "
Which of the above three statements is the most reasonable? The most important leaders of the Party and the Red Army who participated in the Jinggangshan struggle in those years, especially Zhu De, Chen Yi and Peng, all thought that the "16-character formula" was summed up. Chen Yi said in the article "On Guerrilla War" that the tactical characteristics of guerrilla warfare in the Red Army are included in Mao Zedong's "When the enemy advances, I will retreat; The enemy is stationed, and I am disturbing; The enemy is tired and I fight; "The enemy retreats and we chase" can also be included in Huang Gonglue's two tactical slogans of "breaking the whole into parts". "