Solutions to the problem of supplementary writing of Chinese sentences in college entrance examination
Understanding the law of solving problems from the characteristics of questions? What is this? What should I do?
Sentence complement problem (also called paragraph sentence filling problem) is the most distinctive and common language expression problem in the new curriculum standard test paper. The proposition process is: the proposer digs out several sentences in the pre-selected paragraphs, and requires the supplementary sentences and paragraphs to be appropriate in content, coherent in meaning, strict in logic and fluent in sentences. The essence of the answer is: let the candidates repeat this passage under the guidance of some implicit hints. Gestalt? , even? Restore the original appearance? .
? Sentences come from the text? Are sentence relations guidance, generalization and connection? These two characteristics determine the three steps that should be adhered to when doing the problem. Only in this way can you write the sentence correctly.
The first step: grasp the context of the paragraph and locate the sentence relationship.
Read the paragraph first, find out the internal logical connection of the whole paragraph or the sentence before and after, pay special attention to the related words, and sum up the rules. Make it clear whether the supplementary sentence is the general sentence who always leads the following, or the extended sentence connecting the front and back, or the summary sentence summarizing the content.
Step 2: Pay attention to reasonable deduction according to the context.
Candidates should analyze and compare according to the context or the conditions provided by the context, and reasonably infer the supplementary content. The unity of statement object and theme, the rationality of expression sentence, etc. It should be considered in supplementary writing.
Step 3: Check the supplementary content to ensure semantic coherence.
Check whether the content meets the requirements of the stem, and whether the language is coherent, speechless and concise. It is necessary to prevent hasty examination of questions, blindly answering questions mechanically, and correct mistakes in time when problems are found. It's best to write about future generations and read them in the original text to see if they are really coherent, appropriate and rigorous.
(A) The answer comes from the text
? Sentence formation questions? General requirements? According to the content of the material? To form a sentence, it is required that the content of the sentence is appropriate, the meaning is coherent, and the logic is strict. There is also a word limit, and the materials cannot be copied. So where does the content of the supplementary sentence come from? Answer: From the text. Specifically, the content and language of the sentence to be written should be extracted and summarized from the relevant materials in the context, and it is impossible to write correctly without the text.
(b) The answer is obviously related to the context.
What does the added sentence have to do with the context? Answer: either quote below, summarize above, or contact the context.
Analysis of answering skills from test sites? What to write, how to write
Supplementary writing of whole sentences
Complement sentences, proposers generally choose sentences in key parts for candidates to fill. A total sentence is the first sentence in a key position, that is, a sentence that can guide or summarize the whole paragraph or below. At this time, the sentence complement is actually a compressed paragraph topic, as long as it can summarize the paragraph or the following content. Of course, we should consider the cohesion and coherence of the sentences before and after.
Interpretation of supplementary questions in Chinese sentence writing in college entrance examination
[Example 1] Write appropriate sentences at the horizontal line of the next paragraph to make the whole paragraph complete, coherent, appropriate and logical. Each place does not exceed 10 words. (5 points)
The true aristocratic spirit should have three important pillars. 1. resist the temptation of material desires, not take pleasure as the purpose of life, and cultivate noble moral sentiments and cultural spirit. As a social elite, be strict in self-discipline, cherish honor, help the disadvantaged groups, and assume the responsibilities of the community and the country. 3. Have independent will and dare to say no in front of power and money. Moreover, it has intellectual and moral autonomy, can transcend fashion and trends, and is not enslaved by political power and the opinions of the majority.
[resolution] combination? There should be three important pillars? It can be inferred that the answer should be organized like this: first, yes? And the second one is? , three is? Wait a minute. The sentence 1 can be based on the following? Cultivate noble moral sentiments and cultural spirit? Summarize; What is the second sentence? Responsible for the community and the country? Refine and summarize; The third sentence is ok? Have intellectual and moral autonomy. Summarize and analyze.
【 Reference Answer 】 ① Cultural cultivation ② Social responsibility ②.
The third is the soul of freedom.
Complement of summary sentence
The so-called summary sentence refers to a sentence that summarizes a whole paragraph or a certain (second-level) content in a paragraph. In supplementary interrogative sentences, such sentences are usually preceded by? So what? So what? What does this mean? Such as suggestive language. The complement of a summary sentence, like the complement of a general sentence, is the induction and summary of the previous content, while the others are the generalization and sublimation of the previous specific content. The summary should be both accurate and comprehensive. Sometimes it is a summary of the above two or three levels, and you can't miss the main points when making up.
[Example 2] Write appropriate sentences at the horizontal line of the following paragraph to make the whole paragraph complete, coherent, appropriate and logical. Each place does not exceed 15 words. (5 points)
A year ago, proposed to build? Silk Road Economic Belt? There are 2 1 century? Maritime Silk Road? The strategic concept of. As soon as this strategic concept was put forward, it was highly valued by the international community and widely supported by countries along the way, and relevant domestic provinces and cities were also gearing up. Over the past year, China has established cooperation with relevant countries and regional organizations in an innovative way. Belt and Road? We have made gratifying progress in comprehensively promoting bilateral and regional cooperation among countries along the route. (2) linking the past with the future, connecting China and foreign countries, giving the ancient Silk Road a brand-new connotation of the times, which is known as a far-sighted strategic concept, and (3) a down-to-earth great cause.
[Analysis] To solve this kind of problem, we must first make clear the center of the paragraph, and then summarize it according to the context before and after the horizontal line. Specifically, what should be the center of this paragraph? Strategic concept? The significance and influence of. According to this central meaning and the expression before sentence 1, it can be inferred that sentence 1 should supplement this? Strategic concept? The influence and significance of; Sentence 2 can be composed of? Undertake ancient and modern? Inference? What? Undertake ancient and modern? What should be filled in can be summarized from the content before the second sentence; Sentence ③ The sentence patterns before and after it? One by one, you can infer the contents of the filling.
[Reference Answer] ① Its international influence and strategic significance can be seen; (2) this grand idea of crossing time and space; (3) the win-win road of peaceful development.
Complement of extended sentence
The so-called expansion sentence is a statement or elaboration of a sentence. The first half of the sentence has been written, and it is required to continue writing. The sentence to be written is an extended sentence.
Extended sentences often appear in the first half or the second half of the same sentence, usually the other half of the coordinate complex sentence, conditional complex sentence or? Conditions? Or? And the result? Wait a minute. Fabricate or reasonably introduce new content that is not in the paragraph, such as the first sentence of the following question; Or introduce the existing content according to the context, such as the second sentence of the following question. The supplementary writing of extended sentences has an upward trend in sentence supplementary writing questions, so we should pay attention to it when reviewing.
[Example 3] (2015? I) Write appropriate sentences at the horizontal line of the next paragraph to make the whole paragraph complete, coherent, appropriate and logical. Each place does not exceed 15 words. (5 points)
One of the values of e-commerce is online shopping and online payment through the Internet, saving time and space for consumers and businesses. For busy office workers, it is easy to shop around and have fun. In the 2 1 century with diversified information, ③ it has become the habit of many consumers to finish shopping.
[Analysis] Read through the paragraph to understand its general idea and observe the position of each blank to be filled in the paragraph. The first sentence should be an extension of the previous content. Online shopping and online payment through the Internet can save time and space for consumers and businesses? The first sentence should be said? Improve transaction efficiency? . In the second sentence, what is ahead? For busy office workers? Expansion, contact with reality, right? Busy at work? Office workers lack time, so the second sentence should be related to? Time? Related. In the back It's also easy to know, right? Except? Or? Not only that. Words like that. The third sentence should be a summary of the whole paragraph. After shopping, we should highlight the characteristics of e-commerce, namely? Can you browse commodity information through the internet? . Pay attention to the coherence before and after and the fluency of sentences.
[Reference Answer] ① This will greatly improve the transaction efficiency, ② save a lot of precious time, ③ browse the commodity information online.
1.(20 15? National Volume 2) Write appropriate sentences at the horizontal line of the next paragraph to make the whole paragraph complete, coherent, appropriate and logical. Each place does not exceed 15 words.
Is the purpose of reading just to remember the contents of the book? The answer is no. Memory reading is one of the roots of our lack of imagination, because it easily leads to blind obedience to book knowledge, thus losing the spirit of questioning. Critical reading is a kind of creative reading. It does not pursue ②, but advocates stimulating imagination and inspiration, and makes itself more thoughtful with its own thinking. Being able to ask valuable questions through reading and find ways and methods to solve problems through analyzing the root causes is even more valuable in the case that extensive reading is more and more common.
Analysis: When answering this kind of question, we should first make clear the requirements of the question and identify the effective information, that is, we should pay attention to two aspects: one is the meaning of the paragraph, and the other is the meaning of the sentence before and after the space. This article mainly introduces the types and purposes of reading. Secondly, according to the context, reasonable derivation. The first part denies that reading is just to remember the contents of the book, and the second part introduces memory reading and critical reading, so the first part should be filled in like? Reading is divided into memory reading and critical reading? The content of; (2) As pointed out above, critical reading is creative reading, so it does not pursue the characteristics of memory reading. Simple knowledge memory? The content of; (3) Reading as mentioned above? Ask valuable questions? Later, he said that he would find ways and methods to solve the problem by analyzing the root causes, so he should fill in here? Find out the root of the problem by asking questions? Something like that.
Reference answers: ① Reading can be divided into memory type and critical type; ② Knowledge memory of simple machinery; ③ Find out the root of the problem by asking questions.
2.(20 15? Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with appropriate sentences, so that the whole paragraph is semantic, logical and coherent. The number of words in each place must not exceed the given number of spaces (including punctuation).
The appearance of product specifications is a great progress in commodity production. With the acceleration of social industrialization and the continuous progress of science and technology, the technical content of commodities is getting higher and higher, and the use methods of many commodities have far exceeded people's common sense. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2) _ _ _ _ _ _, otherwise any mistakes in words may make consumers and even producers pay a heavy price. In addition to text errors, there are various problems in the product manual, such as difficult technical terms, product description inconsistent with reality and so on. Nowadays, more and more people care about the quality of products, and many people don't even read the instructions or use the products according to them, which means that most consumers haven't realized the importance of the instructions.
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②
③
Analysis: To solve this kind of problem, we must first make clear the relationship between sentences, and then reasonably deduce the content to be filled in according to the context. Specific to this problem, it can be composed of the following points. It may cause inconvenience to consumers, so the instructions are essential? Known (1) should be filled in? Not equipped with instructions? A kind of content. (2) behind? Otherwise, any mistake in the text means that the previous content is related to the accuracy of the text in the description. From the context, what is the third place? Product quality? Corresponding? The quality of the product manual? Related issues, and constitute a progressive relationship with the following contents.
Reference answer: ① If there is no product manual, the text of the product manual must be accurate, but many consumers do not pay much attention to the quality of the product manual.
3.(20 15? Please fill in the blanks according to the context. Requirements: semantic coherence, concise expression, no more than 12 words per place.
Literary images, like painting images, are both images in the mind and are based on fiction, so we should look at them with our hearts first. When writing about people, events and environment, we must look at it realistically, and we can't write until we see the details. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2) _ _ _ _ _ _, all the line colors are languages. Painting is not painting, writing is not writing, painting is writing, and writing is painting. I paint, but I copy a poem, a word and an essay. All kinds of trees standing on the screen are people who have touched me under different circumstances, or all of them are myself; The running water flowing through the paper table, whether it is soothing, rushing or confused, is my true emotion for a period of time. What's the difference between this and writing mentality?
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②
Analysis: This question examines the ability of language expression to be concise, coherent and accurate. To solve this problem, we must first accurately understand the meaning of the given materials and extract two main points: literature and painting. Secondly, from the context, we can find that literature and painting coexist. Painting? Compare to? Fragments of still life literature? So the first sentence should be? Literature? Compare to? Painting? , sentenced to adoption? What is literature? Photos? The form of. According to the semicolon before and after the second sentence? All line colors are language? With what? All the words are colors? It is clear that the content of the second sentence should be the same as? Literature paints with words? Relative, that is? For painting. Third, pay attention to the neatness of sentence patterns. Finally, pay attention to the word limit.
Reference answer: ① Literature is a continuous picture ② Painting is written in line colors.
4. Write appropriate sentences in the horizontal line of the following paragraph, so that the meaning of the whole paragraph is complete and coherent, and the content is appropriate, and each place does not exceed 15 words.
Renaissance is a cultural miracle. At that time, there were our great physicists Galileo and Francis? Philosophers like bacon. Galileo initiated experiments to verify the truth, and Bacon was the first person to popularize this scientific research method. He put forward the principles of materialism and empiricism, and believed that knowledge and ideas originated from the perceptual world, and sensory experience was the source of all knowledge. He advocated that on the basis of experiments and observation materials, through analysis, comparison, selection and exclusion, a correct conclusion was drawn. (2), because he, like a hundred schools of thought contended during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China, founded the Doctrine School, which was widely accepted by believers. Bacon once said: knowledge is power. ? Therefore, people continue to explore new knowledge by means of experimental physics.
Analysis: Does such a question need to be answered? Look forward and look back? , involved in the front? Renaissance? Is there any more behind? What else is there? Also, judging from this, the first space should be about the birth of literary masters in the Renaissance; According to? Because he's like. Believers? It can be seen that the second empty is mainly about why? Bacon? What's your name? Bacon? ; According to the front? Knowledge is power? The content behind the horizontal line shows that the third space should be about the purpose of people doing that, that is, seeking strength and drawing strength.
Reference answer: ① Shakespeare and other literary masters are not the only ones born; ② Why is it called bacon? Son? (3) In order to seek strength, draw strength.
5. Write appropriate sentences in the horizontal line of the following paragraph to make the whole paragraph complete and coherent, with appropriate content and strict logic. Each place does not exceed 15 words.
Comics have been illustrated with line drawings from the beginning of germination. Some books once had an illustration of a story, which was it? Back on the map? . This kind? Back on the map? Not only increase the visual beauty of books, ②. When comic books were officially born in the 1920s, people were already familiar with this painting form and accepted it naturally. It can be said that comics fly to the people with the wings of words and are one of the most popular forms of literary works. (3), so it spread quickly and gradually matured.
Analysis: The answer to this question should be combined with the specific language environment. (1) and the phrase before it form a complete sentence, guiding the whole paragraph. From the following point of view, the article expounds the relationship between comics and literature, so it is necessary to fill in? Formed an indissoluble bond with literature. And other related content. 2 with the front? Not only increases the visual beauty of books? Form a coordinate relationship to illustrate the role of illustration, and from the following text, it mainly emphasizes that the people are familiar with this painting form, so this place can be filled in? And make the line drawing illustrations familiar to the people? And other related content. (3) What is the reason for the popularity of comic books? According to the above situation, can you fill it in? Because comic books are popular with people? And other related content.
Reference answer: ① It has an indissoluble bond with literature; ② Make line drawing illustrations familiar to people; Because comics are popular with the people.
6. Write appropriate sentences at the horizontal line of the following paragraph to make the whole paragraph complete and coherent, with appropriate content and strict logic.
If human organs are really allowed to trade freely, the buyer has money. ② ? Which poor man can afford a kidney at a high price? Besides, selling kidneys or other organs will cause other diseases, and it will not become a social burden. Because there are so many problems, even in the most open country like Holland, (3).
Analysis: paragraphs around? Organ trading? Expand, from below? The buyer is rich? I see. What should I fill in the first (1) space? The seller is poor? A meaningful sentence. The second empty sentence is an explanation of the last article, emphasizing that the rich can't sell kidneys and the poor can't afford expensive kidneys. Later, the article talked about the poor, so the second empty sentence will naturally be filled by the rich. Combining punctuation with the sentence pattern of the next sentence, we can see that rhetorical questions should be used in the second case. The third empty sentence is a summary sentence, which shows the author's point of view. The last article talked about the disadvantages of organ trading, which should be supplemented here. Trading in human organs is not allowed? Because it has something to do with the last article? Even if? Match, so add it? What else? Words.
Reference answer: ① The seller must be very poor; 2 which rich man is willing to sell his useless other kidney; He is not allowed to trade human organs.
7. Write appropriate sentences in the horizontal line of the following paragraph to make the whole paragraph complete and coherent, with appropriate content and strict logic. No more than 14 words in each place.
If you read in dim light, your parents may warn you. In fact, this statement is incorrect. When the light is dim, your pupils will adjust themselves according to the surrounding light environment, and your eyes will not be hurt. Parents' misunderstanding may be related to life experience: when reading in a dim environment, people's eyes are constantly tense, and they are easy to feel tired, and there may be a situation, so they think that myopia is related to dim light. In fact, the above symptoms are not lasting, and ③ will not affect your vision at all.
Analysis: to answer this question, we should pay attention to two points: first, the meaning of the paragraph, especially the views and examples of the paragraph; The second is the specific content before and after the space. The paragraph mainly expresses the relationship between weak light and vision. (1) is empty, which describes the parents' warning to their children to study in dim light, among which? Say? Suggest that the blank content is what parents want to say, according to the blank? This statement is not correct? Hurt? Which one should I fill in here? Will this damage your eyesight? Wait a minute. ; Second, the changes of primary school students reading in weak light and the misunderstanding of parents analyzed earlier come from life experience, combined with the following? Myopia? Know the second blank to fill in? Can't see things in the distance? Wait a minute. ; The third one is empty. Shit? Not for long? Do you know you should fill it out? Recoverable? And other aspects.
Reference answer: ① Doing so will damage your eyesight; (2) can't see the distant objects at the moment; ③ You can recover after a short rest.
8. Write appropriate sentences at the horizontal line of the following paragraph to make the whole paragraph complete and coherent, with appropriate content and strict logic. Each place does not exceed 15 words.
The regulations on campus safety have been relatively perfect. The depth of implementation requires the establishment of a set of practical and complete campus safety responsibility implementation mechanism; ②。 Instead, it is necessary to establish a preventive mechanism beforehand, and then use accountability to force responsibility to be implemented afterwards; The implementation speed requires timely disposal of campus security risks. Completely change the responsibility of campus safety and hold high the awareness of safety? Lightweight? Phenomenon can prevent the tragedy from happening again. ? Safety is more important than Mount Tai? Life is above everything else? (3) take action to implement.
Analysis: Reading through the paragraph, we can see that the first sentence is a summary of the whole paragraph. According to the following, we can know that the first one should be filled in. What is needed is the depth and speed of the implementation of various regulations? And other related content. According to? Instead, we should establish a preventive mechanism in advance? Known second place to fill in? Can't we wait for the accident before we investigate the responsibility? Wait for the content. According to? Do you want to implement it with actions? It is known that the third place should be filled in? Can't stay on the slogan? And other related content.
Reference answer: ① All we need is the depth and speed of implementation; (2) can't wait until the accident happened to pursue responsibility; ③ You can't just stay on the slogan.