After the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japanese militarism became more aggressive and frantically pursued its "mainland policy" of invading China and annexing North Korea. In this way, there is a sharp contradiction with the "Far East Policy" pursued by Russia to invade China, annex North Korea, monopolize Asia and dominate the Pacific Ocean. Tsarist Russia forced Japan to "return its meritorious service to Liaoning" and won the right to build the Northeast Railway in 1896. 1898 forcibly leased Lushun and Dalian to turn Lushunkou into its naval Pacific fleet base. From 65438 to 0900, Britain, Germany, Russia, France, the United States, Japan, Italy and Austria jointly formed an invading army to suppress the Boxer Rebellion in China. Russia took the opportunity to send hundreds of thousands of invading troops to invade all parts of Northeast China in an attempt to permanently occupy Northeast China. Japanese robbers acted as pioneers and main forces in the whole process of Eight-Nation Alliance's armed invasion of China. After Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Tianjin and Peking, it carried out inhuman burning, killing and looting. Japanese invaders slaughtered more than 2000 residents in Jijiazhuang, a suburb of Tianjin. After plundering 2 million taels of silver in Tianjin, they robbed 3 million taels of silver in Beijing, and then burned the yamen. After the Japanese invaders occupied the Qing palace, they plundered all the treasures and cultural relics in the palace.
In this suppression of the Boxer Rebellion, Japanese militarism won 50 million yen in compensation and the right to station troops in Beijing, Tianjin and important places along the Beijing-Shanhaiguan railway, but it was not satisfied with this. It thought that it would be impossible to enter the northeast of China and the Asian continent without defeating Russia, so it made up its mind to fight against Russia, and under the slogan of "serving the salary and tasting the courage", it put forward the expansion plan of 10 (1896- 1905). Before the war, the Japanese army expanded to 13 divisions of about 200,000 people, and the naval vessels reached more than 260,000 tons.
1On the night of February 8, 904, the Japanese fleet launched a surprise attack on the Russian fleet at Incheon Port and Lushunkou. 10, Japan and Russia formally declared war. After the Russian fleet retreated to Lushunkou, it was blocked in the port by the Japanese First Fleet. On August 7, the Russian fleet broke through and was blocked by the Japanese fleet, resulting in a "Yellow Sea naval battle". As a result, the Russian Pacific fleet was hit hard.
Japanese troops invaded northeast China from Yalu River, Yandao and Dagushan in Liaodong Peninsula. Its 1 Army invaded Jiuliancheng Scenic Resort Scenic Area and Phoenix in May 1904; The 2nd Army invaded Pulandian, Jinzhou and Dalian in May; The 3rd Army surrounded Lushun in June. This is the newly established Fourth Army. In September, the "Liaoyang Campaign" started and the Russian army was defeated; 5438+During the "Lushun Campaign" from February 8 to June, after fierce competition, the Russian garrison surrendered and signed a contract in the naval battalion on February 1905. 1February 25th, 905 to1March 5th, 5 was the final decisive battle. The two sides mobilized more than 600,000 troops, and the Japanese army defeated the Russian army in the north at the expense of more than 70,000 casualties.
On May 27th, 1905, Russia's second and third Pacific fleets transferred from Europe arrived near Ma Haixia and were ambushed by Japanese fleets earlier and earlier. Only a few of the 38 warships escaped, and the commander of the fleet, Rogers Twensky, was captured. In July, the Japanese army occupied Sakhalin Island.
At this time, Russia had no intention of fighting again because of the domestic revolution; Japan, exhausted by the war, is eager to end the war. The United States is worried that Japan is too powerful, so it mediates. 1September 5, 905, Japan and Russia signed a peace treaty in Portsmouth, USA. According to the provisions of the treaty, Russia recognized North Korea as Japan's "protectorate", ceded the lease rights of Lushun and Dalian and the railway from Changchun to Luda to Japan, and ceded the southern part of Sakhalin Island to Japan. In addition, in the name of "protecting Manchuria Railway", Japan and Russia stipulated in the annex that they had the right to station troops along the railways they occupied.
At the end of 1905, Japan forced China to recognize that Russia had transferred the Luda Concession and Nanman Railway to Japan, and opened 16 in Liaoyang, Changchun and Harbin as places for Japanese colonists to trade and live, and obtained the right to operate Anfeng Railway. At the same time, Japan forced the North Korean government to recognize the Treaty of Protection and set up a "unified supervisor" to rule North Korea. 19 10 formally annexed Korea.
The Sino-Russian war, with Japanese territory as the main battlefield, caused great disasters and losses to the people of China. Especially the people in Liaodong region suffered from war. Thousands of residents died innocently, land was ravaged, houses were burned, property was robbed and production was destroyed. In order to facilitate plunder, the invading army distributed military salaries indiscriminately. There are hundreds of thousands of homeless and displaced refugees in Liaoyang, Fengtian, Haicheng and Gaiping areas.