But to say that the reason why orangutans evolved into humans is ultimately the role of genes. A gene named NRF3 12 was contained in an unknown ape (also the ancestor of orangutans) and began to mutate before 12 years ago. This mutation may also be the cause of modern human cerebrovascular network diseases.
1000-800 million years ago, the genes of orangutans began to undergo the first major mutation. The MPSA gene fragment and PAG22C gene on DNA began to change in some orangutans in the population, which led to the birth of our human ancestors in chimpanzees. Although they look no different, the genetic factors in the body have indeed changed. These mutant genes control the growth of cerebral cortex and produce branches from chimpanzees to future humans.
7-5 million years ago, the genes of human ancestors began the second big mutation. This mutation occurs at the cellular level, producing membrane proteins on the cell surface. This membrane protein can recognize glucose and allow them to enter and leave the cell freely. As a result, muscle glycogen and liver glycogen began to decompose, more glucose entered our ancestors' brains, brain development began to accelerate, and IQ and physique improved.
Five to three million years ago, the HYM 14 gene began to mutate, which made our ancestors' occlusal ability weak. Our masseter muscles are not as developed as before, and our jaws are weaker, but it frees up more capacity for our brains.
Three to two million years ago, our IQ genes began to mutate. PAGR 13 gene translated into four different results, which gave our ancestors more gene choices. Some individuals could evolve independently, some became smarter than before, and some were better than the original genes.
500,000 years ago, a PXOF2 gene mutation opened the language talent of our ancestors, allowing groups to start a primary interpretation with behavior.
Extended data:
The birth of an ape
About 65 million years ago, a meteorite with a width of about 16 km hit the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico today, causing great disaster. At that time, two-thirds of the animal species on the earth, including dinosaurs, were extinct, and the golden age of reptiles ended. Primitive mammals survived the disaster for a long time and then evolved rapidly.
About 50 million years ago, primates evolved rapidly in a radial way, and then they were differentiated from lower primates (such as lemurs and tarsiers) to higher primates (namely apes, such as macaques, golden monkeys, baboons and apes).
(Note: Australopithecus China in China is even older than the early higher primates, and basically belongs to the early primitive monkeys. In other words, the so-called Australopithecus in China is actually an ape, a branch of humans and apes. )
33-24 million years ago, apes were born from monkeys (narrow-nosed suborder) in the Old World. The earliest ape discovered in Egypt (30 million years ago); Egyptian ape (Aegyptopithecus, 26-28 million years ago) has some characteristics of anthropoid ape. Later fossils include forest apes (23 million-10 million years ago), which are widely distributed and found in Asia, Europe and Africa.
The primitive Kangxiuer ape in East Africa (130,000 years ago-120,000 years ago) is already an ape, and it is the ancestor of human beings and African apes. The above apes are all forest-dwelling animals, walking on all fours, belonging to the tree-climbing apes. There are two kinds of apes in existence, namely African apes (gorillas, chimpanzees and humans) and Asian apes (gibbons and orangutans). There is a clear boundary between the two groups, and the differentiation between them obviously occurred between 654.38+0.2 million years ago and 654.38+0.5 million years ago.
From about 6.5438+million years ago to about 3.8 or more than 2 million years ago, there are two kinds of transitional fossils. One is Lamarcinopithecus, and the other is Australopithecus (many people think Lamarcinopithecus is the ancestor of orangutans. In the past, there were deviations in repairing jaw fragments and tooth analysis. Therefore, Lamarcosaurus, as a fossil representative of the transitional period, is only relatively reasonable.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Human Evolution