After reading the works of Wanli for fifteen years, I believe that everyone's vision must be broadened a lot. It's time to spend some time writing about the telephone bill for fifteen years in Wanli. Do you really know how to write a review? The following is my thoughts on the fifteen years of Wanli, carefully arranged for you, hoping to help you.
After reading the fifteen years of Wanli, 1 Huang Renyu's historical work "Fifteen Years of Wanli", I think that Qi Jiguang, as a generation of anti-Japanese famous soldiers, has made great contributions through the ages and led troops to serve as an official, and he must also have unlimited scenery. But as can be seen from the author's pen, this is not the case. Although he was the most talented general in this dynasty, his military thoughts were intolerable to civilian officials and his political stance was intolerable to Emperor Wanli. Finally, he was impeached and dismissed from office because of his close relationship with Zhang Juya, and he never recovered until his death. Since Zhao Yi released the soldiers with a glass of wine in the Song Dynasty, the trend of attaching importance to literature and neglecting body has been developing continuously. Until this dynasty, civil servants had controlled the whole court, and there was no position of military attache.
On the battlefield, there are countless examples of civilian commanding battles, which makes the military talents of military commanders not be brought into play. Only by speaking out bravely can Wen Gong occupy the meritorious military service, and military commanders will bear the responsibility for the failure of the war even if they risk their lives. Under such circumstances, Qi Jiguang is determined to build a new type of army. Because he couldn't fight against the imperial system by himself, he did what he could, recruiting new soldiers, training the army, and rectifying discipline, so that this army had strong combat power. At this time, such an army is inseparable from him, and it is called "Qijiajun" by the people, which is an recognition of their combat effectiveness and discipline. However, it is obvious that such an army can not be tolerated by civilian groups, and its sudden emergence makes them panic. In action, nature is to spare no effort to suppress.
Qi Jiguang has extraordinary military talent. In this dynasty, he fought alone and established the "Qijia Army" in the garrison with low combat power to resist the invaders and defend the coastal peace. He is a lonely hero.
After studying in Wanli for fifteen years, I actually didn't finish reading it carefully, but just glanced at it quickly. Everyone knows many stories in it, so what is more important to me is actually Fifteen Years of Wanli and my "great" historical view at the end of the book. To put it bluntly, putting the history of the Ming Dynasty in the context of the world and extending it for hundreds of years, we can see many things that are invisible at the micro level.
In fact, the decline of China at that time and the predicament of China now can all be summed up as a problem, that is, "the relations of production are not in line with the development of productive forces", which has been learned countless times in school.
Specifically, democracy, freedom and civilization are all based on one thing, that is, the spirit of contract, that is, the foundation of the rule of law. This depends on the development of business, which in turn can promote the development of business. This is why there is a saying in China that "economic reform forces political reform". An advanced production relationship will promote the development of productive forces at the beginning, but in the bottleneck period, the sustainable development of productive forces will be limited, and then there will be calls to promote the reform of production relations.
Huang Renyu also talked about the importance of the civil class. I wonder if the central government has considered this aspect when vigorously promoting urbanization? If so, it really has the courage to break a strong man's wrist. Reminiscent of the events that happened in Guangdong some time ago, we can see that the demand for "contract spirit" in the south is higher than that in the north, which is not only the result of the commercial development in the south, but also promotes the commercial development in turn.
To achieve prosperity, democracy, freedom and civilization, we must first get rid of the nomadic temperament and small-scale peasant temperament in the north. In addition to vigorously promoting economic development, how to reform the upper management model is also a major problem in the future.
Who is more admirable, a great man or a politician? Who do you want to be? Zhang is too kind and cruel; Too smart, too stupid. Zhang has the ideal of self-cultivation, keeping the family in order and governing the country. He realizes that reform must destroy everything and rebuild on the ruins with destructive power. He refers to the style of civil servants, even too strict. He wants to make Qiang Bing rich and people healthy. The reason why he tried to gain a firm foothold and take power in the ruling and opposition parties was that the reform would be hindered if he did not make a record of war decisions. Even if he seeks personal gain in this process, why should he take the position of cabinet records and collect money?
Too kind, why do you want to carry out the New Deal alone above ten thousand people? It's cruel, trying to eradicate the stale way will inevitably cause harm at that time. Too smart, born in poverty, how talented and savvy do you need to sit in the record position, and how far-sighted can you find the weakness of the national movement? Too stupid, exhausted his life, but eventually he was criticized by the civil and military officials of the Qing Dynasty, and even became a symbol of being attacked after death.
The so-called mistake, "Zhang's fundamental mistake lies in his overconfidence, his inability to be modest and prudent, and his refusal to make necessary concessions to the facts." Zhang is never wrong, but the distance between those who achieve great things and those who die well is the farthest.
Shen Shixing, a model of great wisdom. Shen Shixing is a master of interpersonal relationships. "He didn't ignore the dual character of civil servants: although he is a public servant, he is actually the master; Where there is yang, there is yin. He must properly handle this contradiction. " The times required Shen Shixing to be a peacemaker, and he played such a role. As for other people's comments, such as "the first mouse is at both ends", you can only laugh it off.
Shen Shixing is the lubricant for machine operation. The world needs great men to try their best to bring light to people's eyes, and needs such people to try their best to keep the darkness behind them. Shen Shixing is a master of Taiji. He knows how to coordinate the relationship between the emperor and the civil servants, as well as the relationship between the civil servants, so as to ensure the inheritance of ideas and the order of the country. What's even more amazing is that after all this, he can get away with it. However, there is still the furthest distance between outstanding politicians and great men.
However, without Zhang, the times will never progress; Without Shen Shixing, the country would be in chaos. If you are like Zhang, you deserve your heart, but you will not have a good end; If you are like Shen Shixing, you can make ends meet, but you do nothing.
These two questions are really difficult to answer.
Random thoughts on fifteen years of Wanli 4 This is a good book written by Chinese American scholar Huang Renyu. It was first published in the United States at 1979 and reprinted many times. I bought this book online after reading Wang Xiaobo's article Fifteen Years of Wanli. In reading, I will browse the articles and characters mentioned in the book, and then look for books I am interested in. This is what I call "tracking" reading. Because of this reading method, I recently bought some books called Reading Notes to read.
Fifteen years of Wanli is a history book. In my reading list, there should be three categories: literature, history and philosophy. Before reading a person's works, it is best to read his biography or brief introduction, and have a preliminary understanding of the author's writing position, background and motivation, which is conducive to self-understanding of the works. This is also the second reading method that I call "finding out the background". Because of this second reading method, I also bought more biographies to read.
After reading, I want to establish my own reading method and reading bibliography system.
Let's start with the book Fifteen Years of Wanli. This book takes the 15th year of Wanli (A.D. 1587) as a cross section, and then tells the story of six characters related to this cross section ―― an emperor (Wanli), two university students (Zhang,) a model bureaucrat (Hai Rui), an outstanding and lonely general (Qi Jiguang) and a philosopher Li Zhi, who are in conflict with each other. Finally, starting from the author's grand historical view, it is concluded that 1587, that is, the fifteen years of Wanli, has nothing to remember on the surface. But under the appearance of the rise of the four seas, the hidden danger of the collapse of the Millennium Empire has long been buried, so the characters described in the book are all tragic endings (the emperor is no exception), so the fifteen years of Wanli is also a history of failure!
After reading this book, I have another thought, that is, "to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation". Which stage and mechanism of our national history is worthy of our pride, and it is even more worthy of us to shout the slogan of "rejuvenation" under the international situation surrounded by big countries. If China's prosperous period of Han and Tang Dynasties is worthy of "revival" by our descendants, then isn't the tragedy of fifteen years of Wanli also from Han and Tang Dynasties?
I hope I can answer the above questions by reading more history books and doing historical thinking.
Wanli studied for fifteen years, and I didn't write my thoughts until now, because I have a bad habit. The idea of always writing a book after reading the next one. During this time, the idea of the last book always occasionally appears in my mind, sometimes I write it down, sometimes I forget it. Let's start with the book Fifteen Years of Wanli. (The novella takes about 3 minutes to read)
This is the first time I haven't finished reading the book, so I'll make it up later. The framework of fifteen years of Wanli runs through the book economically, and the small one is a glimpse of the fate of the Ming Dynasty at that time from the choice of key figures. To tell the truth, just from this book, it is really impossible to comprehensively evaluate these people.
This book is really full of words. After writing for more than two hours, I deleted it. I really am not qualified to evaluate these characters. Every role is extremely complicated.
Emperor Wanli and Zhang were the most influential figures in Wanli period. At this time, Wang Yangming died, leaving his mind behind, and Li Zhi was also influenced by it, and the party struggle began. After Zhang, he succeeded as a college student in Wenyuange and began to muddle along between Wanli and the civil service group. By this time, Zhang was dead and most of the policies had been abolished. Qi Jiguang claimed to be Zhang's lackey, and Zhang supported the establishment of Qigujun, which was sui generis. Harry was demoted after carrying the coffin to advise Wanli. Li Zhi cut her hair and wrote a book, and finally died in prison.
Each character can be written into a book separately, and each character is very representative. From our god's point of view, all characters are influenced by Confucian philosophy and cannot surpass that era. Everyone is unfortunate. Wanli is bound by ethics and morality and can't do anything; Zhang was in power in the ruling and opposition parties, but his ambition was not realized. After his death, most of his business was gone. Shen Shixing pursues the doctrine of the mean, but it recruits civilians and spurns them. Qi Jiguang was called the lone general. Li Zhi's book burning conflicted with the collection of books, and the result was bleak.
The author told these things in extremely cold language. Under the author's view of history, the upper class of Ming dynasty pursued Confucian philosophy to restrain people with morality and ethics, and replaced the rule of law with the rule of man. Middle moral corruption, middle moderation and lower land annexation led to the decline of the whole Ming Dynasty.
The author mentioned "one country, two systems" at the end, which happened during the chaos in Hong Kong, indicating that "one country, two systems" is not omnipotent, and we should combine the changes of the times and improve the system with a long-term perspective. Win-win cooperation is the cornerstone of development.