Modern times is a very unique historical stage. People's livelihood in China is bleak, and powerful enemies in the world are all around. The once glorious dynasty is now rusty and dying. The special social environment and national psychology make "worry and anger" a collective emotion. However, in literary creation, this kind of emotional experience will appeal to the pen intentionally or unintentionally, and it will often be combined with the author's life experience and thoughts of home and country, giving people different feelings. Gong Zizhen's poems have this feature, and the anxiety and anger in Ji Hai Miscellaneous Works contain multi-level meanings of sadness, contradiction and loftiness. "Anxiety and anger" with "sadness" as the background generally refers to anxiety and indignation. When it is placed in the context of a specific historical figure, it will be given the personalized meaning of "this one". Gong's anger is not pure anger, but a kind of helplessness of "people who are surprised by autumn", with compassion, such as the loneliness of "thinking about heaven and earth, endless, crying alone" In many of his poems, we can feel the feeling of depression before the building collapsed and the feeling of decline. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems is the work of the poet 1839 after his resignation. This large group of poems records what he saw, heard and thought on his way home from his post. The harsh political reality in the first half of his life stifled his ambition of "clarifying the meaning of youth", and the dark officialdom did not allow him to reprimand his "firm but gentle". The poet criticized the ignorance and lifelessness of this society. On the way home, I witnessed the poor life of the people. "There is no school in five schools, and it is difficult to grab property houses." But the upper rulers and nobles turned a deaf ear to this, and the society seen by the poet was in a mess. When the poet arrived in the southeast, he wrote in his eighty-fifth poem: "The Jin-Liang Treaty covers the southeast. Who gave it to Zangquan Shenwu Peng? People call it a lotus curtain guest, a green sand cabinet _ a hibiscus. " The imperial edict to ban opium is just a dead letter in the southeast. Local officials not only can't help opium, but take the lead in smoking opium. The society is already terminally ill and teetering, but people are immersed in the dream of peace and prosperity and cannot wake up. Such social chaos makes people feel sad and sad. The current cultural situation is also worrying. "Lantai has nine orders, but Confucianism ranks first. Teachers have their own reasons, but they are unwilling to attach Confucianism. Later generations respected Confucianism, and Confucianism was strict. " (From spring to autumn, I touched fifteen songs occasionally and learned them without explanation) The author is dissatisfied with the current neutral and mediocre situation and the lifeless decline of this world. He is extremely disappointed in this society, and the poet thinks that the theory of a hundred schools of thought contend has merit. If it is only a vassal's words, it will only be complacent and bring about its own destruction, so a complacent society cannot but make poets feel sad and disappointed. This "autumn shock man" exposed all kinds of social hidden dangers with great courage, but he never got a response and poured water enthusiastically. In such a society where everyone is drunk and I wake up alone, the poet realizes the sadness that it is difficult to pay for his ambition and sing with his own hands. Secondly, poets who are "contradictory" are faced with various "dilemmas". His innate rebellious spirit determines that he wants to break with the old tradition, but he is inevitably bound by this era. The entanglement between free temperament and the limitations of the times constitutes his inner contradiction, which is embodied in the following aspects. First of all, it is manifested in the contradictory mentality towards the rulers. On the one hand, the poet was disappointed with the authorities, on the other hand, he was shocked by the social chaos, and his anger poured out, which merged into "words of scolding the seat" and "words of hurting the time", but on the other hand, he always missed the glory given to the family by the court, such as the third song "Feng Gangwei shocked the soul of spring, tigers and leopards fell asleep." Finally, I was in a good mood and spent my whole life meditating on the kindness of the Jade Emperor. "That although he resigned and retired, but will not forget the kindness of the court. If this poem is still implicit, we might as well try the eleventh one, "Grandfather is an old man, and I will try to be a lang.". "Your kindness is enough to tell Joe, why should the tomb of seal script grow in white?" To put it more bluntly, I thank the court for caring for this family. My grandfather not only worked as an official in North Korea, but also had the honor of working in North Korea. The poet is grateful for the three generations of honors given by the imperial court, and thinks that such honors are enough to boast to his neighbors after returning home. It can be seen that the poet still has attachment to the court and politicians, but he can't bear to say goodbye although he is disappointed and sad. There is also a typical poem, which vividly shows the poet's complicated and subtle love and hate for the ruler. The sixteenth song "Abandoning my wife and remembering my sister-in-law, a hundred years of gratitude". On the way home, the poet saw his abandoned wife on the way. He felt it, mourned for his abandoned wife and sighed for himself. The poet used the metaphor of abandoning his wife, pitying his own situation, regretting the loyalty of the country and the people, and lamenting that his worries could not be understood by the court. It is Qu Yuan's whimsy to compare himself to a deserted wife. Gong's complex feelings for the Qing government should be similar to Qu Yuan's complex feelings for the king of Chu. It is quite contradictory and angry to understand Gong's poems from this emotional perspective. Secondly, it is manifested in self-contradiction. Xiao and Jian are very representative images in Gong's poems. The aesthetic paradigm of "firm but gentle Xiao Xin" has a great personality in Gong Zizhen. The poet combines these two intentions well and creates a self-image of "Xiao Xin combining rigidity with softness" for readers. But from the root, firm but gentle and Xiao Xin are essentially two contradictory concepts. Firm but gentle represents the heroic spirit of taking the initiative to rush to the bullfight, while Xiao Xin bears the sobs and bitterness of a hero in his later years. Gong lingered repeatedly in the contradiction between hope and disappointment, hesitated between being born and joining the WTO, and recalled how vigorous the inspiring theory written in the year of weak crown was. Now, she can only face the empty sigh that "a firm but gentle heart can be destroyed". Should she fight against the sky in the future or should she be pitied when she is tired? There is a similar sigh in the lyrics, "You must cherish your feathers when you clean up crazy names." Are you going or staying? Fight or retreat? "Hand" or "hand"? I love my country, but I can't serve it. I have a crazy name, but I have no choice but to become a strong man in my twilight years. The contradiction between "crazy name" and "sigh", "hand" and "shrinking hand" fully shows his inner complexity, and the "repression" in the poet's "anger" is here. Taking "sublime" as aesthetic feeling If the poet's work as a whole is compared to a painting, the poet uses "sad" pigments to splash ink and color, and uses contradictory elements to express his inner entanglement, then the overall aesthetic feeling is tragic sublime. When the poet was in his prime, he hoped to use what he had learned to serve the court. However, the ruthless reality doused the fire of hope in the poet's heart. Facing the social reality of "the tiger and leopard are sleeping deeply", the poet can only whisper that "nine faces are familiar, and the grass is like grass." It is a waste of time to say that athletes have good skills. Blue light and snow have blocked Shandong. "(see Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems) The poet's enthusiasm has been hurt by reality, but even so, the poet has not completely given up fighting. Although the disheartened reality and the intrigue of officialdom made him feel the intention of "shrinking his hand", deep down, his enthusiasm for fighting the current situation never diminished. He also appreciates the perseverance of the dead tree "The Western Wall is dead, and one arm supports the ancient world", encouraging himself to continue fighting, quite like Lu Xun's philosophy. Lu Xun said, "A true warrior dares to face the bleak reality and give dripping blood", although his heart still appreciates the perseverance of the dead tree. Even if you can't change the status quo, you can't bear to stand by and know that ants are shaking trees, but you still have to "break your heart." This spirit of persisting in hope in despair is very shocking. Sublime is not only contained in the aesthetic feeling of poetry, but also reflected in the poet's own human brilliance. The vitality of bullfighting in the poet's works comes from criticism between the lines. The lifeless society does not allow the existence of "man", but his poetic theory of "respecting feelings" calls for "real people" and "respecting feelings" when Neo-Confucianism is the official ideology. Finally, with the words "It's windy on the night of October 20, I don't sleep, get up and read my mind", "The oblique waves shake all directions, and it is inevitable that everyone will be crowded." At the end of the article, the windy night made the author sleepless, worried not about his own gains and losses, but about the fate of the country. The poet cared about his country and people all his life, and the Opium War broke out on 1840. On his deathbed, he also planned to go to Liang Zhangju to participate in the anti-British struggle, and he was worried about state affairs until his death. As Lu Fangweng said in "Sa", "Julian Waghann will settle in the Central Plains in the north, so don't forget to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifice. "It is also full of a sense of unity between heaven and earth. Gong once said that his poems are "every sentence is true and there is no reason". In essence, Gong can be described as a "true poem", and Gong is even more called a "real person". Source: Silk Road Art