The Analects of Confucius mainly recites words, and the theory is a string of meanings. Language is words. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu suggested that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopt Confucianism, so he had the slogan of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". On "is pronounced" wheel ". Literally, The Analects of Confucius is a compilation of speeches. The following is the Yan Yuan translation of The Analects of Confucius that I brought to you. Welcome to reading.

Yan Yuan 1 Yan Yuan Wen Ren in the Analects of Confucius. Confucius said, "Self-denial is benevolence. A day of self-denial and self-denial, the world will return to benevolence. For benevolence, for yourself, for people? "

Yan Yuan said, "What's the purpose?" Confucius said, "see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, and don't move if you are evil."

Yan Yuan said, "Although I am not sensitive, please talk to me."

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Yan Yuan asked Rende. Confucius said: "Restrain yourself and make your words and deeds conform to the ceremony. This is benevolence. Once you do this, people all over the world will recognize you as a kind person. Xiuren, all by yourself, but also by others? "

Yan Yuan said, "What is the action plan?" Confucius said, "see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, and don't do evil."

Yan Yuan said, "Although I am slow, I will carry out your words."

To annotate ...

(1) self-denial-Zhao Gong said in the twelfth year of Zuo Zhuan, "Zhong Ni said:' There is ambition in ancient times: self-denial, benevolence.' "So,' self-denial and courtesy' is a new meaning given by Confucius in the words of his predecessors.

2 returning to benevolence-the meaning of "calling benevolence". Zhu's Notes Collection means "come back and be with you", which is the same meaning.

2 Nakamiya Wenren. Confucius said, "Going out is like seeing a distinguished guest, which makes people like bearing a big sacrifice. Don't do what you don't want, don't do it in the state, and don't complain at home. "

Zhong Gong said, "Yong Min, please talk to me."

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Zhong Gong asked Rende. Confucius said: "Going out to work is like receiving a distinguished guest, and treating people as if they are having a grand ceremony." . What you don't like will not be imposed on others. No resentment at work means no resentment at work. "

Zhong Gong said, "Although I am slow, I will carry out your words."

To annotate ...

① At home-Liu Baonan's The Analects of Justice said: "Being an official state, being a vassal state, being an official at home, is also a doctor's home." It is inappropriate to stick to the word "home" in the sense that "doctors say home".

3 Sima Niu 1 Wen Ren. Confucius said, "Benevolent people are also confused."

He said, "His words are also false. Is it enough to say that he is kind? " Confucius said, "Why is it so difficult?"

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Sima Niu asked Rende. Confucius said, "A benevolent person speaks slowly."

Sima Niu said, "If you speak slowly, is it benevolent?" Confucius said, "It's not easy. Can you talk without being dull? "

To annotate ...

(1) Sima Niu-The Biography of Disciples of Zhong Ni in Historical Records says: "Sima Geng, the word buff. Niu is talkative, impatient and kind to Confucius. Confucius said, "Benevolent people are true to their words." According to Sima Qian, Confucius' answer is aimed at the shortcomings of the questioner's "talkativeness and impatience".

4 Sima Niu asked the gentleman. Confucius said, "A gentleman is not worried or afraid."

He said, "If you are not worried or afraid, are you a gentleman?" Confucius said, "If you don't feel guilty after introspection, why are you worried?"

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Sima Niu asked how to be a gentleman. Confucius said, "A gentleman is not worried or afraid." Sima Niu said, "Don't worry, don't be afraid, so you can be called a gentleman?" Confucius said, "If you have a clear conscience, what is there to worry about?"

Sima Niu said sadly, "Everyone has brothers, but I am alone." Xia Zi said: "Business people have heard that life and death have a destiny, and wealth is in the sky. A gentleman is respectful and courteous to others. Within the four seas, all brothers are also-why do gentlemen suffer from no brothers? "

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Sima Niu said sadly, "Everyone else has good brothers, but I don't." Xia Zi said, "I heard that the fate of life and death is arranged by heaven. A gentleman just takes his work seriously, makes no mistakes and treats others with courtesy. The world is big, where there is no good brother-why should a gentleman worry about not having a good brother? "

6 son Zhang Wenming. Confucius said, "It is no good to immerse yourself in (zèn) and suffer from (sê, the same as" resentment "). It can be said that it is clear. There is still a long way to go. "

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Zhang Zi asked how to see things clearly. Confucius said, "The accumulated slanders and false accusations against your skin are not feasible here. You can say that you can understand. The accumulated slanders bit by bit, as well as the urgent and personal false accusations suffered by the skin, will not work here. You can say that you have seen far. "

7 zi gong asks politics. Confucius said, "Food is sufficient, soldiers are sufficient, and people trust."

Zi Gong said, "I have to go, which comes first?" He said, "Go and be a soldier."

Zi Gong said, "If you have to leave, which one will come first?" Say, "Go and eat. There has been death since ancient times, and the people have no faith. "

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Zi Gong asked how to govern? Confucius said: "With sufficient food and armaments, people will have confidence in the government."

Zi Gong said, "If we want to get rid of food, armaments and popular support, which one should we get rid of first?" Confucius said, "Apart from armaments."

Zi Gong said, "If you have to remove one of the two things, food and people's confidence, which one should you remove first?" Confucius said, "In addition to grain. There is no food, only death, but since ancient times, no one can avoid death. If the people lack confidence in the government, the country cannot stand up. "

To annotate ...

① Bing —— The word "Bing" in the Five Classics, Analects of Confucius and Mencius refers to weapons, but it is occasionally interpreted as soldiers. For example, Zuo Zhuan was hidden in the public for four years, and in Xiang AD, "the vassal's teacher defeated Zheng's disciple" and "defeated his disciple on wěi". But the word "soldier" is still interpreted as a weapon, so it is translated as armament.

8 Spine Zi Cheng said, "It's just the quality of a gentleman. Why write? " Zigong said, "Sorry, the master said gentleman! I can't talk to you. The quality of words is still good, and the quality is still good. The stirrups of butch (including leather) are the stirrups of dogs and sheep. "

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The thorn said, "A gentleman only needs a good essence. What do you need those literary colors [ceremonies and forms]? " Zi Gong said, "Sir, it's a pity that you are wrong to talk about a gentleman like this. A word spoken is past recalling. Essence is as important as literary talent. If the fur of tiger leopard and dog sheep is removed, there is little difference between the two kinds of leather. "

To annotate ...

(1) thorn son into-Dr. Wei. Doctors in ancient times can be called "master", which is what Zi Gong called him.

9 Aigong asked: "What is the lack of hunger?"

If you are right, just say, "Is it terrible?"

Yue: "Second, I am not enough, so how thorough is it?"

He said: "People's foot is a monarch, or is it insufficient?" If the people are insufficient, are you enough? "

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Lu Aigong asked if there was: "What if the year is not good and the state expenditure is not enough?"

If so, he replied, "Why not implement a tax rate of one tenth?"

Ai zhengyi: "I'm not enough, but I can't win one."

Answer: "People spend enough, how can you not spend it?" ? If people don't spend enough, how can you do it? "

10 Zhang Zi requires distinction between Chong and De. Confucius said, "Believe in the Lord, move righteousness and respect virtue. Love wants to live, and evil wants to die. It's confusing to want to live and die. Sincerity is not rich, only different. "

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Zhang Zi asked how to improve moral quality and distinguish confusion. Confucius said, "Loyalty comes first, only obedience to righteousness can improve moral character. Love a person and wish him a long life; I hate it, and I hope he dies at once. It's confusing to want him to live long and short. In this way, it is really bad for yourself, but it is strange. "

Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics. Confucius said to him, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son." Gong said, "Good! I believe that there is no monarch, no minister, no father, no son. Although I have millet, I want to eat it. "

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Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics. Confucius said, "A monarch should be like a monarch, a minister should be like a minister, a father should be like a father, and a son should be like a son." Jing Gong Zheng: "Yes! A monarch is not like a monarch, a minister is not like a minister, a father is not like a father, and a son is not like a son. Even if there is a lot of food, can I still eat it? "

12 Confucius said, "What is the reason why a passage can be transformed into a prison?"

Luz Wusu Nuo (2).

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Confucius said: "If you can judge a case according to the language on the one hand, there is probably only an intermediate reason!" "

Lutz never delays his promise.

To annotate ...

(1) one sentence breaks the prison-"one sentence" was also called "single sentence" by the ancients. There must be both plaintiff and defendant in a lawsuit, which is the so-called "two structures" From ancient times to the present, there has never been a case that was decided by one sentence (except for the defendant's default judgment). Confucius said that Lutz "can break the prison in one word", but he was honest and straightforward, and others should not try to bully him.

(2) There is no promise on the road-what is the logical relationship between this sentence and the above? No one has ever made it clear. "

13 Confucius said, "I'm still a human being after hearing the lawsuit. It will not file a lawsuit! "

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Confucius said: "I am similar to others in litigation." It is necessary to completely eliminate litigation. "

To annotate ...

(1) Listen-According to Records of the Historian Confucius Family, when Confucius was in Shandong, he was a big sheep herder, and sheep herder was an official in charge of criminal affairs. Maybe Confucius said this when he was just a shepherd.

Zhang Zi Zheng Wen 14. Confucius said, "Live tirelessly and act faithfully."

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Zhang Zi asked about politics. Confucius said, "Don't be tired when you are in office, and be loyal when you execute government decrees."

15 Confucius said: "If you know something, you can make a gift or be a husband!"

To annotate ...

See also article 6 of Yong.

16 Confucius said: "The beauty of a gentleman as an adult is not the evil of an adult. The villain is the opposite. "

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Confucius said: "A gentleman achieves the good things of others without contributing to the bad things of others. The villain is the opposite. "

17 Ji Kangzi asked Confucius about politics. Confucius said to him, "Politicians are just. The son is handsome and tall, who dares to be wrong? "

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Ji Kangzi asked Confucius about politics. Confucius said, "The meaning of political words is just." You take the lead in correcting yourself. Who dares to be incorrect? "

18 Ji Kangzi was robbed and asked Confucius. Confucius said to him, "If you don't want me, you won't steal."

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Ji Kangzi suffered from many thieves and asked Confucius for advice. Confucius said, "They don't covet too much wealth, even if they reward thieves, they won't do it."

19 Ji Kangzi asked Confucius about politics: "If there is no way to kill, what is Tao?" Confucius said to him, "Why did an official kill his son? Children are better and people are better. A gentleman is virtuous, but a villain is virtuous. The wind on the grass must be suppressed. "

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Ji Kangzi asked Confucius about politics and said, "What if you kill bad people to get close to good people?" Confucius said, "Why kill people when you rule the government?" Only when you do a good job in the country can the people get better. The style of leaders is like the wind, and the style of ordinary people is like grass. Where the wind blows, the grass falls. "

Zhang, 20, asked, "How can a scholar be so good?" Confucius said, "Why are you an honorable person?" Zhang Zi said to him, "You must smell it in the country, but you must smell it at home." Confucius said, "It's smell, not faith. Generous people, straightforward and honest, sense words and sense emotions, consider the following people. In bombida, you must get home. When the husband hears about it, he takes benevolence as color and does the opposite, without doubt. You must smell it in the state and at home. "

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Zhang Zi asked, "How can a scholar be called Da?" Confucius said, "What does Da mean?" Zhang Zi replied: "Being an official of the country requires fame, and being a doctor requires fame." Confucius said, "This is called writing, but it is not reaching. What is da? Honest, reasonable, good at analyzing others' words, observing others' colors, and willing to give in to others ideologically. This kind of person, when he becomes an official of the country, will definitely work for everything, and everything will work at the doctor's house. As for the smell, it seems that he likes benevolence and righteousness on the surface, but he is actually pretending to be a kind person, no doubt. This kind of person will definitely cheat fame when he is an official, and he will definitely cheat fame at home. "

2 1 Fan Chi swam under the dancer and said, "Dare to ask Zunde to cultivate himself?" Confucius said, "Good question! Get first, then get, don't advocate morality and? It is not compulsory to attack his evil, not to attack his people without evil. The anger of the dynasty, forgetting its body and forgetting its relatives, is it not confusing? "

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Fan Chi accompanied Confucius on the stage and said, "How can I improve my moral character, how can I eliminate the resentment of others' anonymity, and how can I tell which is nonsense?" Confucius said, "Good question! Wouldn't it be better to work first and reap later? Criticizing one's own shortcomings without criticizing others' shortcomings won't eliminate invisible resentment? Because of occasional anger, I forgot myself and even my parents. Did you accidentally? "

22 ask for appointment. Confucius said, "Love." Seek knowledge. Confucius said, "Know people."

Fan Chi failed to arrive. Confucius said, "If you complain, you can be straight."

When Fan Chi retreated, he saw Xia Zi say, "I have seen Master in the countryside, so ask him. Confucius said, "What do you mean, set things right?" "

Xia Zi said, "How rich you are! Those who are obedient win the world, choose many people, raise them, and those who are not kind stay away. Soup is the best in the world, choose the crowd, give it to Yi Yin, and stay away from the unkind. "

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Ask Ren. Confucius said, "Love." Ask wisdom again. Confucius said, "Good at distinguishing words."

Fan Chi didn't fully understand. Confucius said, "Upholding righteousness above evil can make evil right."

Fan Chi stepped back, found Xia Zi and said, "I went to see my teacher just now and asked him for wisdom. He said,' elevate the upright above the evil'. What does this mean? "

Xia Zi said, "What rich words! Shun wins the world, follows the crowd, chooses and promotes, then it is difficult for bad people to exist. Soup wins the world, chooses from the crowd, pushes Yi Yin, and bad people are hard to exist. "

To annotate ...

(1) rural-local sound, with "land".

(2) Far-this means "leaving" and "escaping", but people can change, so why must they escape? The translation is expressed by "hard to exist", which is more literal or in line with Xia Zi's original intention.

Zi Gong asked his friend. Confucius said, "You are good at giving advice. If you can't stop, don't bring disgrace to oneself. "

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Zi Gong asked how to treat his friends. Confucius said, "Good advice guides you. If he doesn't listen, that's it. Don't be boring. "

Ceng Zi said, "A gentleman makes friends by writing, and helps others by friends."

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Ceng Zi said: "A gentleman gathers friends with articles and knowledge, and helps me cultivate benevolence with friends."

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