In order to implement the strategic policy of "preparing for war and preparing for famine", concrete actions are needed to realize it. Mao Zedong then put forward the call of "the whole party should attach importance to military affairs and the whole people should be soldiers", instructed party committees at all levels to seriously attach importance to military work and militia work, and criticized the wrong tendency of "only engaging in literature and not engaging in martial arts" and "as long as money is not used". During the period of 1962, Mao Zedong reiterated to party committees at all levels that to do a good job in militia work, we should achieve "three implementations", that is, organizational implementation, political implementation and military implementation. The first is to organize the implementation, with backbone militia, ordinary militia, soldiers and officials; There should be organizations, including classes, platoons, companies, battalions, regiments and divisions. The second is political implementation. To do a good job in political work, we must set up political commissars, instructors and instructors. In the work of being a man, we should distinguish between good people and bad people. The third is military implementation, with grenades and light weapons; It is necessary to engage in training, so that you can come at the call, fight when you come, and win the battle. The international situation is changing rapidly, and the two major military blocs of the United States and the Soviet Union have undergone major changes from 65438 to 0968. The United States is tired of the Vietnam War and has no time to talk to him. The Soviet Union took the opportunity to rapidly expand its military strength. During this period, Sino-Soviet border friction continued, and Sino-Soviet relations quickly fell to freezing point. In addition, the ideological opposition between China and the Soviet Union makes us more aware that the threat from the Soviet Union, which borders China and has huge military power, is increasing day by day, and the Soviet Union has replaced the United States as the latest and greatest danger to China's national security. In view of this, from the mid-1960s, the focus of China's strategic defense gradually shifted from south to north, to North China, Northeast China and Northwest China. 1969 After the Treasure Island incident, the China government immediately reacted strongly. On March 2nd, the China government lodged a strong protest with the Soviet government. 15 On March 6th, at the meeting of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, Mao Zedong specifically talked about coping with the possible war launched by the Soviet Union. 1969 in the second half of the year, the anti-China war public opinion in the Soviet Union was obviously strengthened, and the Soviet Union also privately explored the possibility of launching a "surgical" raid on China's nuclear facilities. China felt the threat of war from the Soviet Union more directly and seriously. On August 27th of the same year, the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission forwarded the report of the General Office of the Military Commission on strengthening the national civil air defense work. The report requires that under the unified leadership of local revolutionary committees at all levels, personnel from the garrison and relevant local departments should be recruited to form leading groups for civil air defense at all levels, with offices under them to undertake daily business work. The report stipulates that the basic tasks of the leading group for civil air defense are: to organize and carry out strategic and ideological education and air defense common sense education for organs, troops and the people; Make an air defense plan and organize its implementation, and so on. In order to ensure that the combat readiness work was carried out as soon as possible to adapt to the severe combat readiness situation at that time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an order on August 28th, 1969. This order is not only an extensive and urgent war mobilization order, but also a strict and firm order to immediately stop the war and stabilize the situation. Immediately after the order was issued, the climax of conveying and executing the order appeared all over the country. The revolutionary committees of all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions held various meetings in late August and early September to read orders, arrange, check and implement various combat readiness work. China's tense preparations for war have had an international impact. On September 1969, 1 1, at the request of the Soviet Union, Zhou Enlai met with kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, and the two sides discussed urgent issues in the relations between the two countries, especially the border issue. The Soviet Union expressed its desire to ease the border situation. The two sides agreed to start the Sino-Soviet border negotiations in Beijing in June 5438+the same year 10. However, Lin Biao and others, regardless of the facts, continue to make more and more serious estimates of the possibility of a large-scale war, believing that war is imminent. In the first half of June, 5438+10, in order to prevent a large-scale sudden attack, the central leaders and some old comrades evacuated from Beijing one after another. From June 5438+1October 19 to 20, several large and medium-sized cities also conducted emergency evacuation or air defense exercises. 10 in the middle and late June, the whole country was in a state of war, and the combat readiness activities entered a climax. With the Sino-Soviet border talks, the relationship between the two countries eased, the signs of explosive gradually decreased, and the preparations for the whole army gradually eased. Since then, the focus of combat readiness work in various places has been liberated from the imminent war tension and turned to combat readiness education, combat readiness mobilization, combat readiness training, combat readiness organization, material reserve, population evacuation and so on. The specific contents are as follows: First, combat readiness mobilization education. Organize and command organs to evacuate urban population and materials according to wartime requirements. This was one of the activities widely carried out in various places at that time. A number of institutions of higher learning in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changchun, Zhengzhou and other large and medium-sized cities have either moved or merged, or retreated to the countryside in the name of running the May 7th cadre school, experimental farms, branch schools and carrying out revolutionary education practice. At the same time, a large number of secondary specialized schools were laid off and merged, and teachers and cadres were decentralized. The second is to build civil air defence works. Finally, pay close attention to the implementation of militia work. This was a work that revolutionary committees at all levels generally attached importance to at that time. Organize workers, peasants, government officials, students and street residents in the form of militia, and realize that all the people are soldiers. The following year 1970, the international situation tends to ease, and China leaders' understanding of peace and war has also undergone some corresponding changes. In some documents, the slogan of "preparing for famine for the people" has been replaced by "grasping revolution, promoting production, promoting work and promoting war preparation", and the national war preparation work has gradually and steadily developed.