There are many models of regional economic development in China, among which Qingdao and Wenzhou are two typical models. If Qingdao economy and Wenzhou economy are compared to two forests, the forest of Qingdao economy is mainly supported by several big trees, while the forest of Wenzhou economy is mainly supported by many small trees. Qingdao model and Wenzhou model are two forms of economic organization. In Qingdao, more economic activities are vertically or horizontally integrated by a few large enterprises, that is, administrative coordination within enterprises replaces market coordination among enterprises. In Wenzhou, except for postal services, telecommunications, electric power, banking and other departments, almost all economic activities are carried out by many small and medium-sized enterprises. Everyone has a fine division of labor. For example, lighters, a small product is produced by hundreds of enterprises alone. Some enterprises only produce the clockwork of lighters, while others only produce the shell and then assemble it through market transactions. Therefore, Wenzhou economy replaces the administrative coordination within enterprises with market transactions between enterprises. As a result, there are more bosses in Wenzhou. Even if every enterprise has only one boss, Wenzhou has 65,438+10,000 bosses. A lighter, a pair of leather shoes and a low-voltage electrical product are all produced by many bosses. This kind of economy can be called boss economy. In Qingdao, there are many workshop directors and branch managers, and a product is produced by many workshop directors and branch managers. This economy can be called workshop director economy. The difference between the boss and the workshop director is that the former only gets a small bonus. The workshop director created a benefit of 6.5438+million yuan in January, and the company headquarters may only give him 6.5438+million yuan and 200,000 yuan in bonuses; The boss created benefits of 6.5438+million and 20 million, all of which were his own in principle. So the motivation of the latter is much greater than that of the former. If the boss is compared to a locomotive and the workshop director is compared to a train box, then in Qingdao, a locomotive pulls dozens or even hundreds of train boxes. Moreover, some locomotives are not necessarily real locomotives. For example, Hisense is a state-owned enterprise, and Zhou Houjian is not the real boss. He is also a hired laborer and a train car. However, due to Zhou Houjian's strong dedication to work, he took the state-owned enterprises as his own and the fake boss as his real boss, which gave Hisense a strong locomotive. In Wenzhou, a long train was taken apart, and each carriage had a locomotive. Therefore, the whole Wenzhou economy has a strong development momentum. The spare parts produced by the boss are matched through market transactions. There are more than one enterprise producing similar parts, but dozens. Only those enterprises with the best quality and the lowest value can be sold first. So this collocation is competitive. Under this competitive support system, enterprises are facing greater competitive pressure, forcing them to innovate and make progress. The spare parts produced by the workshop director are monopolistic. Even if the cost is high, even if the quality is not optimal, it will still be used in the end. Because it is internal distribution, there is little pressure on the market for the workshop director. As a result of the two economic models, Wenzhou has many bosses and entrepreneurs; There are many employees in Qingdao, even Zhang Ruimin is a senior employee, because Haier is not his, he is just a professional manager of Haier. The final result of the two economic models is that there are many rich people in Wenzhou and many poor people in Qingdao. In Wenzhou, there are nearly 200 billion yuan in private deposits and another 654.38+00 billion yuan in cash. Adding up the factories and buildings of every household, Wenzhou's overall private wealth will not be less than 654.38+0 trillion yuan. In Qingdao, because there are many wage earners and everyone is a wage earner, the number of multimillionaires and billionaires will naturally be much less than that of Wenzhou. In Wenzhou, many infrastructures, including the airport, have private investment, and some infrastructures even rely mainly on private investment. In Qingdao, a large number of seaside villas are idle. It is said that the buyers of these villas are mainly foreigners. The origins of the two models Qingdao and Wenzhou can produce two different economic models, which have both historical reasons and cultural influences. Historically, in the era of planned economy, the state invested more in Qingdao, forming a certain scale of state-owned enterprises. After the reform and opening up, Qingdao's economy was formed on the basis of the original state-owned economy. Because there are state-owned enterprises, Qingdao people have jobs and wages, so they generally don't have enough motivation to start their own businesses. Wenzhou, on the other hand, is different, because it is close to Taiwan Province Province, and it is impossible for the state to invest heavily there under the tense cross-strait relations. In the decades of planned economy, the state invested little in Wenzhou, and there were few state-owned enterprises in Wenzhou. In addition, Wenzhou has a large population and less land, and the per capita land is less than three points. In order to survive, everyone can only start their own business. From the perspective of cultural origin, Qingdao, as a part of Shandong and the hometown of Confucius, has a strong Confucian culture, so it has certain conditions to run enterprises and run large enterprises. In Wenzhou, it is mainly Yongjia culture. This kind of culture makes people have a strong sense of entrepreneurship and fighting spirit. Wenzhou model is more suitable for the present situation of China. In recent years, all parts of China are shouting a slogan, that is "bigger and stronger". However, it is a cruel reality in China's business circles that it is a big loss and a big loss. Many enterprises have low management costs and good economic benefits when the scale is not very large. When the enterprise is big, the management cost rises rapidly and the benefit drops sharply. Why is this happening? Because the larger the enterprise scale, the more management levels and the wider the enterprise distribution area, the principal-agent chain will be extended. In a long principal-agent chain, many people may leave, that is, the so-called agents. In the case of separation of the two rights, the larger the enterprise scale and the longer the principal-agent chain, the more people may "grab it and leave". Whether and to what extent this possibility becomes a reality depends on the credit environment of this society, the quality of professional managers, legal status and management level. At present, the social credit situation in China is not ideal, the quality of professional managers needs to be improved, the laws need to be improved, and the management level of enterprises is relatively poor. Therefore, it is difficult for China society to support large enterprises now, which is also the reason why many enterprises have suffered big losses and closed down. Because of this, I always think that in today's China society, in a considerable number of industries, the "puppy economy" has advantages, and the family model has advantages. The reason why Zhejiang's economy is full of vitality, and the reason why many products in Zhejiang have international competitive advantages and can beat enterprises in the United States, Japan and Europe is that "puppy economy" is the main body of Zhejiang's economy, and family model is the main body of Zhejiang's economy. These two economies can complement each other. Of course, "puppy economy" also has disadvantages. For example, there are more than 1000 neckties in Shengzhou, and there are nearly 100 brands. However, no enterprise can spend tens of millions of yuan to build a brand like Haier and Hisense, no enterprise can spend tens of millions or hundreds of millions of yuan to establish a market system at home or even abroad, and no enterprise can spend tens of millions of yuan on scientific research and development. The specific way to learn from each other's strengths is that some large enterprises in Qingdao can cultivate a large number of "puppies" around the large enterprises and throughout Qingdao through outsourcing, and then cultivate a large number of bosses, and then reduce the management costs of enterprises with lower market transaction costs, and turn part of the economy from workshop director economy to boss economy. In Wenzhou, even in Zhejiang, it is necessary to grow a few tigers among many "puppies" as soon as possible. In this regard, Liushi Town has been very successful. The town has grown from many small low-voltage electrical appliances enterprises to two big enterprises, Zheng Taihe and Delixi, that is, two big tigers have grown from a group of "puppies". It not only retains the advantages of family model and the vitality of small enterprises, but also has large enterprises to integrate resources, build channels at home and abroad and build brands. This kind of ecology should be an ideal enterprise ecology. (Zhong Pengrong is a famous economist in China and one of the "Jing Shao". We have done strategic consultation for more than 65,438+000 domestic large enterprises and dozens of cities and counties, and achieved remarkable results. )