Wang Weigang's original idea was the same as that of the ancient intellectuals in China. Confucianism's thought of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" is his leading thought. He also wants to make contributions and make great achievements, but after various events, his thoughts have changed.
First, the fledgling, hit;
When Wang Wei was fifteen years old, his "Crossing the Tomb of the Emperor of Qin" said, "The stars are separated by seven obsidians in the morning, and the rivers are open in nine springs." In two sentences, Qin Shihuang's extravagant demands were vividly expressed. This shows that Wang Wei is a very talented person. In ancient times, such talents would inevitably choose the road of official career. At the age of twenty-one, he was admitted as a scholar and was named Tai Lecheng. At this time, he felt that the future was bright and he could be a minister and do things for the country and the people. His poems at this time are all high-spirited, bold and positive, just like "A Journey to the Swallow" and "A Kirin in Golden Wear". Whispering green plum jumps over purple plum. This sword broke Tianjiao's arm. Go back to the saddle and drink the moon. "A Boy's Journey" "A man can break two carved arcs, but riding a thousand pounds seems nothing. Sit on the golden saddle and tune bai ling, and shoot five orders in a row. " Both of these poems show that although Wang Wei is a civil servant, he is magnificent and powerful, and has political ambitions to make contributions.
However, just because the actor jumped the yellow lion, he was demoted to Jeju Cang to join the army. This demotion is a great blow to him, which is hard to accept, because after all, he has just started his dream and just entered the life he expects. Wang Wei's Exiled Jeju "Even if there is a day of return, it is also a sad year." Looking at this sentence, we can see how desperate Wang Wei was at that time. He thinks his hair will turn white when he comes back. He felt sad on the road: "Climbing the Tower of Hebei" means "lonely and lonely, and my heart is idle with Guang Chuan." "Stay in Zhengzhou" "I am a lonely couple in a foreign country, and a lonely guest is a servant." From his poems, we can imagine how desperate Wang Wei was at that time, about the future and officialdom. At the age of 26, Wang Wei finally calmed down, settled down and sent him to Shang Qi. After two tiring trips, he began to question Confucianism. He said: "As far as Kong Qiu is concerned, he won the Benevolence Award."
When he used a burning heart to realize his lifelong dream for the first time, his passion and his potential were all included, but at this time he was demoted, which was fatal. Therefore, it had a profound influence on his later thoughts, laying the groundwork for his final devotion to studying Buddhism.
Second, back to Chang 'an, frustrated again;
After relegation and twice moving the capital, Wang Wei returned to Chang 'an at the age of 29. However, at this time, he did not directly become an official, but went to Fu Hao Temple to study Buddhism with Daoguang Zen Master. Since then, his thoughts have been based on Buddhism. After that, he went to Shu, where he wrote the poem "Qingxi, I drove the Huanghua River and crossed the Qingxi River". Ten thousand laps around the mountain in less than thirty miles. The rapids buzzed on the piled rocks, but the light dimmed among the dense pine trees. The surface of an entrance swayed with nut horns, and weeds grew along the river bank. In my heart, I have always been as pure as this clear water. Oh, stay on a wide flat rock and cast the fishing line forever! . "There are more than 10,000 trees in Liang Na, and clear water runs through them. In front of Dachuankou, you are open-minded and come to Changfeng. Ripples contain white sand and seem to swim empty. Lying on the rock, turning the waves and bowing slightly. Wash your feet and face the fisherman. I am greedy for bait, but I miss Lotus Leaf East. " "Under Xiaoxing Dam" "Under the International Xiaotou Dam, Yu Chun recalls the Imperial City. A woman is having fun in Qingjiang River, and a crow is in the morning. The water town is in the city, and the mountain bridge is tree-lined. Climb out of the well and look at two lumens. People speak different languages, and warblers are the voices of ancient countries. The mountains and rivers in Ledo are very interesting, and I feel a little alienated. " These poems are beautiful and ethereal natural poems, which shows that Wang Wei has now begun to seek spiritual comfort from nature.
Perhaps because Wang Wei is still an intellectual, or because of livelihood problems, he still can't let go of his dreams. At the age of 33, he once again embarked on the road of career. At this time, it was Zhang Jiuling and Ren Tongshu who helped and promoted Wang Wei. During this period, Wang Wei's feelings of joining the WTO became active again. I want to make a difference. In the book With Wei Jushi, I wrote, "Give charity to others and live the country and help the people." However, the good times did not last long. In the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan, Wang Wei was thirty-six years old and Li came to power. He acted arbitrarily, rejected dissidents and blocked speech. Not only that, he also hit Zhang Jiuling, and Wang Wei was promoted to power by Zhang Jiuling. Therefore, Wang Wei will not be reused, and his political road is not as smooth as before. At this point, Wang Wei's heart once again resisted the dark politics. He wrote a poem for Zhang Jiuling, "Send it to Jingzhou Prime Minister Zhang". "There are no acquaintances in the world, and we will miss each other all our lives. Fang will work with the farm and the planted Laoshan Garden. " At this time, he had some thoughts of seclusion. Because of Li, he once again avoided the political darkness.
Li's coming to power not only affected Wang Wei's political future, but more importantly, this incident had a great impact on Wang Wei's spirit and thought. Since then, Wang Wei has been less active in his official career. He will no longer curry favor with the relevant officials of the Li faction and continue his career path, nor will he be as high-spirited as before. He just does what he should do in the ordinary way. At the age of 41, Wang Wei returned to Zhong Nanshan again. At this point, he is relaxing his mentality and taking a break to decide whether to continue to struggle in officialdom. At this time, Wang Wei's thoughts have begun to contradict, and he has begun to doubt his career path.
Third, the official is also hidden, leisurely and dull;
In the first year of Tianbao, Wang Wei came out again. It's hard to imagine how he felt this time, and I don't know what he will do now. This time, Wang Wei's Out of the Mountain has its own spiritual habitat. He had his own career, found a spiritual manor, and lived a life of "being an official and living in seclusion". The real meaning of "being an official in seclusion" is that being in the imperial court and in the rural areas of Shan Ye, while being an official with a salary can guarantee material life and a certain social status, while "seclusion" can guarantee the innocence of the subject's personality and the relative independence of his spiritual life.
During this period, Wang Wei's thought was close to the emptiness of Zen in Wang Wei and his co-writing. "Rim sichuan collection? Huazigang "is full of birds and autumn scenery. I am very sad about Huazigang, which goes up and down. " "Rim sichuan collection? Zhuliguan "I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the pipa and humming a song." The voice is so low that no one can hear it except my partner Mingyue. " "Wandering in Wangchuan" "Once in Baishe, I won't go to Qingmen. Leaning against the trees in front of the eaves, you can see the original village from a distance. The green grass is near the water, and Bai Niao turns to the mountain. Lonely in Zi Ling, orange peel irrigation garden. " One autumn night in the deep mountains, an empty mountain after the rain, stood in the autumn evening. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? . ""living in the mountains is the thing ""silence does not cover Chai Fei, and there is no end to it. Crane perches on the surrounding pine trees, and tourists are left in cold and sparse places. The bamboo knot has added a new layer of powder, and the old lotus leaf is red and red. Fireworks started at the ferry, and Ling returned everywhere. "These works are excellent poems of Wang Wei. However, they are not simply works of punishing evil and promoting good, but works of utilitarian nature. These works are all works with leisure as the artistic conception, so that he can rest his soul, achieve instant peace of mind and rest his soul. This is something he has never experienced in his career.
Wang Wei's idea at this time is that he can not only ensure his food and clothing in officialdom, but also let himself have a rest in officialdom life. Only in this way can he continue to have a peaceful heart in the officialdom, because there is a beautiful place where he can completely relax himself. This is the temple of his soul and the place where his Buddhist thoughts are brewed. At this time, his poem "Preface to the Collection of Light Teachers' Rooms in Jianfu Temple" wrote, "Whether you have a heart or not, your vision is empty, you are illusory, and you are illusory. When people don't give up their fantasies, they are too empty and unnecessary. Therefore, the eyes can be dusty, but the heart is different. The heart is not in the world, and the body has nothing. " At this time, he realized that the world is illusory, but sometimes it is not illusory and does not hold one side. This is the true meaning of Buddhism, and this is also one reason why he can achieve the idea of "being an official and hiding it"!
After two incidents, Wang Wei felt that the life of "being an official and hiding" was in line with his psychology. At this time, Wang Wei not only gained material wealth, but also entered the realm of Zen and Yue in spirit, detached from the secular world and gained full spiritual freedom. He entered the landscape and enjoyed the meaning of artistic life to his heart's content, resulting in a scholar with a Zen appearance. He is very satisfied now. He thinks he can live such a plain life.
Fourth, the "An Shi Rebellion" was completely hollowed out;
Wang Wei could have spent the rest of his life in this semi-seclusion state, but things were not satisfactory. The "An Shi Rebellion" broke out. This political event was a great change for the whole Tang Dynasty. It made the Tang Dynasty turn from prosperity to decline, which caused great losses to the economic, social and cultural development of the whole Tang Dynasty, and even changed the state of literati and officialdom, and suffered serious trauma and stimulation both physically and mentally. Wang Wei was the person who was most affected by this incident, which completely destroyed his political path and led to the decadence and reorganization of his life thoughts in his later years.
Due to the sudden outbreak of the "An Shi Rebellion" in 755, the ministers of the DPRK had no time to escape, and a few people chose to surrender, while most of them became prisoners of the rebels. Unfortunately, Wang Wei became a captured member. He actually tried to resist "taking medicine to treat dysentery and pretending to be sick." However, "Lushan sympathized with it, sent people to Luoyang and detained them in Pujiu Temple, forcing them to be pseudo-Shu." At this time, Wang Wei wrote, "Every family is sad, when will the official return to the sky?" Autumn leaves enter the palace and orchestral strings are played in the pool. "This shows how much he misses the Tang Dynasty and hates the detention of traitors. Later, he wrote the slogan "Show Pei Di again", saying: "Andrew took the net, brushed his clothes and died. The long pipe sticks return to the Peach Blossom Garden. "To express their desire to get out of the trap and long for freedom. In 757, Tang Jun regained Chang 'an. Although he was not executed, he was only demoted by one level, but his heart is not what it used to be. At this time, Wang Wei was 57 years old.
In ancient times, integrity was a spirit that people and intellectuals valued most in officialdom, and even its role was more important than their own lives. However, Wang Wei was appointed as a fake post, even if he didn't want to, he was forced, but it was an indelible stain. Wang Wei felt ashamed and ashamed. In "Yun Biao in Prince Xie", he mentioned that "I have sincere wishes, and I hope your majesty will revive. If the thief dies, I will become a monk, and I will be very diligent and rewarded." Those who deserve it face punishment, and the country is not punished. If the land of the dragon elephant is a place of charm, then the jaw dare not sprout. Today, Shengze is magnificent and turned upside down, and the court allows sinners to eat bread, which is inevitably suspected of bending the law. I owe a debt of gratitude to the Buddha, freeing me from the pain of immortality. I want to invite Chen to die and smell it at Yintai Gate. There is no fear of war. "Wang Wei's heart at this time is to empty everything and want to become a monk. At this time, his thought is the real Buddhist thought that has been settled. However, his request was not allowed, and he offered to take his business in Wangchuan as Qingyuan Temple. On the surface, he may want to atone, but this is his real move to reach Buddhism. Buddha said that everything was empty, and he gave away everything he liked, which showed that he had a real and thorough epiphany at this time. He has no concern for life, and he wants nothing more, and he is bent on becoming a Buddha.
Throughout Wang Wei's life, he changed from an intellectual with Confucianism as the main idea to a hermit with Buddhism as the main idea. Because his social ambitions and social ideals have not been realized, especially in the end, he was humiliated and felt inferior. He can only ask for help from his own heart, transcend utilitarianism, focus on nature, and artificially build a beautiful psychological defense line, thus escaping from such a life. This is due to his life experience, personality, and political events such as "Zhang Jiuling's attack" and "An Shi Rebellion" experienced in the Tang Dynasty at that time. We should not only see his Buddhism, but also see his development process and how he got this idea, so as to better understand Wang Wei's poems and understand Wang Wei as a person.
Schopenhauer thinks that pain is a purifying furnace. Only when people continue to suffer in the fire of pain, finally feel desperate and turn to their inner world, can they reach the sacred realm beyond all pain. It was after experiencing some pains that Wang Wei finally got rid of all the pains that life gave him and finally found his inner direction. He returned to Buddhism and saw through everything. In this way, no matter how hard life is, he still has an ethereal beauty and his soul has a holy place to rest.