Feed is the general name of food for artificially raising animals, especially a kind of feedstuff that can provide nutrients needed for raising animals, ensure health, promote production and growth, and will not produce harmful effects under reasonable use.
As an industry connecting planting, aquaculture, processing and consumption of livestock products, feed industry is the material basis for the development of modern aquaculture, which not only effectively utilizes traditional agricultural resources, but also provides a material basis for animal food on which human beings depend for survival and development. Feed industry has an important influence on the development of animal husbandry, and it is an important means to develop animal husbandry and realize its modernization and commercialization.
From the perspective of industrial chain, the upstream of feed industry is feed raw materials, including protein feed such as soybean and soybean meal, and energy feed raw materials such as corn and wheat bran. The middle reaches are feed production, including pig feed, poultry feed, ruminant feed and aquatic feed. Downstream is the breeding of chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle and other livestock and poultry, freshwater animals, marine animals and other aquaculture. Feed industry is a cyclical industry, which is greatly influenced by upstream planting and downstream breeding.
Upstream: Corn and soybean meal are the most important raw materials.
In the upstream, planting and feed additive production enterprises mainly provide energy raw materials, protein raw materials and feed additives for the feed industry. Among them, corn and soybean meal are the most important raw materials in feed, and the price trend of raw materials in the upstream of feed industry is easily influenced by climate conditions, macroeconomic policies and situations, inflation and other factors, which determines the cost of feed production. From the composition of feed raw material cost, corn and soybean meal are the most important raw materials for feed production. For example, in the composition of raw material cost of pig feed and chicken feed, the two together account for more than 80% of the raw material cost of feed.
Mid-stream: The number of pig feed production plants has been greatly reduced.
In terms of feed production in the middle reaches, in 20 19, affected by the decline of pig production capacity and the change of international trade situation, the number of pig feed production plants in 20 19 was 5432, 238 fewer than that in 20 18; There are 4,848 poultry feed production plants, 3 13 more than 20 18; Ruminant and pet feed factories also increased by 68 and 38 respectively.
Chart 3: Changes in the number of feed production enterprises in 2019 (unit: home) In terms of feed output, since 20 12, China's feed output has ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years, becoming the largest feed producer in the world. In recent years, the growth rate of feed production in China has begun to decline. The data show that in 20 19, China's feed output reached 26 1.84 million tons, a slight increase compared with 20 18, with a year-on-year increase of 1.2% and a decrease of 2.2 percentage points.
In terms of industrial feed varieties in 20 19, pig feed and meat and poultry feed accounted for a relatively high proportion, of which meat and poultry feed was 84.648 million tons, up by 21.0% year-on-year; The output of pig feed was 76.632 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 26.6%; Ruminant feed110.89 million tons, up 9.0% year-on-year; Aquatic feed was 22.029 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.3%.
In the total feed output, the proportion of pig feed decreased from 43.9% to 33.5% in 20 18, and the proportion of poultry feed increased from 4 1.4% to 50.6%.
From the development of the whole feed industry chain, China's feed industry, as a comprehensive industry, has a great influence on its industry, and is also greatly influenced by the upstream and downstream aquaculture industry in the industry chain. Corn and soybean meal are the most important raw materials in feed industry, and it is very important for the stable development of feed industry to keep its output and price stable. Affected by African swine fever, pig productivity decline and other factors, the number of pig feed production enterprises has decreased, and the output has dropped sharply. The feed industry has been greatly affected by the industrial chain.
—— The above data comes from China Feed Industry Market Demand Forecast and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report by Prospective Industry Research Institute.