The second question, first, "Chinese and Western styles" are the product of the social and economic structure of that era. Any cultural entity is rooted in its own social and economic structure. On the eve of the Westernization Movement, China was a society where capitalism had not yet existed and natural economy was widespread. In such a society, it is impossible to establish a "western style" because it does not have the economic basis on which the western style system depends, and the traditional "middle school physical education" still operates according to its own logic. However, in the face of severe challenges from western powers after the Opium War, a country cannot become a country without introducing western learning. In this situation, the idea of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application" came into being.
The second is the deep need of westernization economy. Westernization economy is a bureaucratic economy based on government and characterized by centralization. No matter in terms of capital, technology and market, it is inseparable from the government for a moment. It relies on the strength of the government to concentrate the money in the hands of taxpayers and solve the problem of compiling funds. It relies on the government to introduce technology, and a considerable part of raw materials and products are allocated by the government. Therefore, the government's support has become the premise of the existence of westernization economy. In this way, maintaining the traditional system represented by the government has become the unshirkable responsibility of the Westernization Movement. It is this economic reality that we should not only organize westernization, but also rely on the government, which determines the inevitability of "adapting Chinese style to the West".
Third, this is the need of westernization. The establishment of Westernization is an unprecedented pioneering work, and it is not smooth sailing. There are difficulties in capital and technology, obstacles in customary forces, attacks and accusations by die-hards ... it is really difficult. When the Tangshan-Xugezhuang railway was opened to traffic, the die-hards suggested that locomotives roared and shook the imperial tomb, and the Westernization School once used horse-drawn carriages. Die-hards also said that the opening of the Astronomical Mathematics Museum was a change from barbarians to Xia and an abandonment of the feudal ruling order in China. These bizarre theories, which seem irrefutable today, were extremely weighty in those days and could kill people. Even the Westernization School had to call these fallacies "Chen Yi is very tall and his argument is correct". In this way, for the smooth progress of the Westernization Movement, it is very necessary to maintain China's style when introducing and spreading western learning. Otherwise, the Westernization School will not survive. From the theme of "Chinese style and western use", we can also see the good intentions of the Westernization School. Feng Guifen, the earliest proposer of this theory, said: "If we take China's ethics as the original, supplemented by the skills of countries' prosperity, it is better to be a good person." Obviously, what the author emphasizes is not how to do a good job in middle school, but how to learn from the west. Under such a slogan, it is natural to learn from the west. Of course, the actual meaning of this slogan has changed with the passage of time. At the time of the revolution, if we say that "middle school is the body and western learning is the use", the key point is not to learn from the west, but to forbid the revolution and destroy the meaning of sports in China. We can't deny the progressive intention of this slogan at the beginning.
Fourth, "Chinese style and western use" has greatly opened the door to the spread of western learning. Although the middle school is physical, since the western learning was put into use, it has openly entered the traditional framework and achieved legal status, which is conducive to breaking the traditional cultural and psychological barriers that citizens reject foreign new things. As a result, under the signboard of "use", western learning flooded in. With the spread of western learning to the east, great changes have taken place in China's production, and political theories such as constitutional monarchy, democracy and harmony have also been introduced to China in this process, and blended with China culture, thus producing China's own modern political thoughts. It was in this process that a new society in China began to emerge.