After graduating from groton College, I wanted to enter Annapolis Naval Academy and become a naval officer in the future. However, my elderly father resolutely opposed 1900 and entered Harvard University to study politics, history and journalism. This year, his 72-year-old father died, leaving a deposit of $654.38+$2,000, and his mother inherited $654.38+$3,000 from his grandfather. Roosevelt was keen on social activities during his college years, and his academic performance was not outstanding. He has been to Europe several times and likes ball games. At Harvard, he became an excellent assistant to the school newspaper Crimson. He skillfully used the influence of his uncle Roosevelt to invite his uncle, then the governor of new york, to give a speech at Harvard, so the newspapers absorbed him as an assistant. Just then, Roosevelt, as McKinley's partner, ran for president with Brian of the Democratic Party. He offered to see the headmaster, and President Elliot met the freshmen. Roosevelt offended the headmaster and said, "If your vote represents your faith, you should be willing to put your influence on the scale." Elliot answered his question. Franklin's exclusive was not only published in Crimson, but also reprinted by other major American newspapers. So that when Roosevelt was about to graduate, he was promoted to editor-in-chief of the newspaper. In order to maintain his reputation, he studied as a graduate student at Harvard for another year.
1904, Roosevelt entered Columbia University Law School. 1905 In March, she married Eleanor (the niece of President theodore roosevelt). Eleanor was the niece of then President theodore roosevelt. The president attended the wedding in person, which made it very grand. But Franklin found that most people came because of the president, which inspired his determination to go into politics. From 65438 to 0907, Roosevelt graduated from law school and entered a law firm as a lawyer.
1882 65438+/kloc-0 was born in Hyde Park, new york on October 30th.
1900 ~ 1907 studied at Harvard University and Columbia University. After that, he became a lawyer in new york.
Churchill
Churchill was born into an aristocratic family in England. His ancestor John Churchill was made Duke of Marlborough by Queen Anne in 1702, because he supported William III in the "glorious revolution" and won as commander-in-chief of the army in the wars against Spain and France. The Mabalo family ranked tenth among the 20 duke families outside the British royal family in the19th century. Churchill's father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was the third son of Dukedom of Marlborough VII, the founder of the Conservative Primrose Society (a faction of the Conservative Party, mainly the working class), and served as the finance minister in the cabinet after the Prime Minister. Churchill's mother, Jenny Jerome, is the daughter of Leonard Jerome, an American millionaire and one of The New York Times's shareholders.
Churchill was a premature baby and his mother said he was the most difficult child to teach. 188 1 year, 7-year-old Churchill was sent to a school for aristocratic children. Churchill was one of the most naughty and greedy students in the school, so he was often punished by his teacher and had to transfer later. 1888, Churchill entered Harrow College, second only to Eton College, but his grades were still poor. Although Churchill's academic performance was not good, his later success depended on his comprehensive quality, so Lord Randolph decided to send his son to Sandhurst Royal Military Academy after graduation. 1August, 893, Churchill entered the cavalry major of the school. Two years later, his frustrated father died young in politics. In February of the same year, Churchill graduated from the Military Academy and was awarded the title of the fourth ancient general as a lieutenant.
1895 10 Churchill, who just became a lieutenant, used his vacation to go to Cuba with his friends to experience the uprising war between Spain and Cuba. Because of his father, Churchill was also taken a fancy to by the British intelligence, and he was asked to collect information about the use of bullets by the Spanish army. In addition, the Daily Chronicle also hired him as an embedded reporter to contribute to the newspaper. A month after the war, Churchill returned to England with a Spanish Red Cross medal. The trip to Cuba made Churchill fall in love with writing and the life of a journalist.
From 65438 to 0896, Churchill was transferred to India with the army, where he had time to read a lot of historical and philosophical works. A year later, an armed uprising against the British army broke out in northern India. After learning this news, Churchill immediately asked for leave to interview the British military action as a reporter of Calcutta Herald and Daily Telegraph. On the basis of manuscripts sent to two newspapers and other materials collected by himself, he wrote his first book, Documentary of the German Field Army in Malakun, which was published in Britain on 1898. Later, he published novels about the war between Britain and Sudan, Savorola and War on the River.
1In September, 899, Churchill, who had resigned from the military, went to South Africa as a reporter for the Morning Post to cover the Ying Bu War. On his way with British soldiers, he was captured by Shi, who later became the prime minister of South Africa. Although Churchill was an army reporter, the Boers refused to release him because he was armed and took part in the battle. 1899 65438+In February, Churchill escaped from prison alone with great courage and fled to the British Consulate in Lorenzo Marquez (now Maputo, Mozambique) with the help of a local British expatriate. This incident made him famous in Britain; 1900 In March, Churchill finally returned to England after several battles. Churchill, who was famous all over the country through Prison Break, decided to seize the opportunity and step into politics.
Hitler
1889 At 6: 30pm on April 20th, a young woman named Clara gave birth to a baby boy in an inn named Bommer in Braunau, Austria, which crossed the border between Austria and Bavaria. As all three children born before Clara died young, she loved this son very much. This boy is Adolf Hitler. Adolf's father, alois, is a customs official in the border town of Braunau, the illegitimate child of a 42-year-old peasant woman and a wandering grinder. Adolf's mother is his uncle's granddaughter. Alois was 48 when she got married, and the bride just turned 25. This is alois's third marriage. He had two unhappy marriages before. Adolf is the fourth child of his marriage. It may also be that this extremely strange birth and blood relationship in the eyes of the world created Hitler's distinctive temperament and character.
Fantasy young man
When Adolf Hitler was three years old, he and his father moved to Paso, Bavaria, Germany, where his father would manage an Austrian customs. Living in this German city and playing with German children left a lifelong influence on Hitler. He said that he had studied the southern Bavarian accent in Paso all his life.
1895, Hitler was 6 years old, his father was transferred to Linz, and his family moved back to Austria. In the suburb of Linz, they bought a beautiful house with a quiet environment. Soon, Hitler was sent to a rural school to attend primary school. The school is far from home. Every morning, he has to walk for an hour with his half-sister to get to school. This year, my father, who has been a civil servant for more than 40 years, retired. However, it was difficult for him to adapt to this retirement life, so he began to take wine as his friend and relieve boredom with wine. After a long time, he began to drink too much, and he was grumpy and easily excited. He always punched and kicked his children and whipped them, so that his 14-year-old half-brother Little alois was forced to run away from home. As a result, Adolf Hitler Jr. often became his father's "punching bag".
1896, 7-year-old adolf Hitler moved to the small town of lambach with his father. Hitler is a leader in the new school. But Hitler's father soon got tired of life here. He bought a house and garden in Leontin village near Linz in 1898, and his family moved here soon. After arriving in the new place, Hitler's study in the new school was still very easy. At this time, he found himself very talented in painting. So he turned to fantasy to become an "artist" in the future. But his father insisted that his son become a civil servant like him. So after graduating from a four-year primary school, Hitler decided to send him to a six-year middle school in Linz. However, after Hitler arrived at this school, his academic performance plummeted, and finally he failed in math and science exams. 1903 In June, Hitler's father died of a stroke while walking in the morning. This was a turning point for Hitler. 14 years old, he became the only man in the family, and his widowed mother had no binding force on him, even family affairs were subject to him.
At the end of three years of high school, Hitler failed the French exam. Although he barely passed the make-up exam, he lost the opportunity to continue studying in Linz six-year middle school because of his unsatisfactory grades. He had to transfer to a state four-year middle school 40 kilometers away from Linz to continue his fourth grade. This autumn, after he passed the make-up exam, he got a diploma from a four-year middle school. Although he can continue to study in a comprehensive high school, he doesn't want to suffer. He finally persuaded his doting mother to stop studying and rest in Linz on the grounds that he was suffering from tuberculosis and that heavy study was harmful to his health, so that he could live what he called "like a dream" and "the happiest day of his life". Although his mother and relatives urged him to go to work and learn a trade, he spent the next two and a half years intoxicated with his dream of becoming an artist in the future, wandering along the Danube, being his mother's darling, killing his lazy days and enjoying an empty and comfortable life. He also greedily dabbled in books, painted a lot, enjoyed operas and visited museums. Although Hitler was only 16 years old at this time, he was already keen on politics and became a German nationalist who would not change until his death. During this period, Hitler, as the instigator of another day, showed a kind of extreme loneliness, a kind of self-pity and an uncontrollable desire to speak. He has a strong desire to make "grand plans" and scoffs at any step-by-step and well-behaved activities.
First arrived in Vienna
1906, after Hitler celebrated 17' s birthday, he took the money given to him by his mother and relatives and went to Vienna for two months. Vienna, the magnificent baroque imperial city of Austria-Hungary, dazzled Hitler. He wandered around the street all day, admiring the magnificent buildings near the ring road with excitement. What he saw in museums, opera houses and theaters dazzled him and fascinated him. At least at this moment, he is convinced that if he wants to achieve something in art, he must go to Vienna to study, so he tries his best to persuade his mother to allow him to go to the art academy in Vienna. 1907 In the summer, his mother finally agreed that he would come to Vienna to take the entrance examination with 700 kronor extracted from his father's inheritance, so as to realize his dream of becoming a painter, but he finally went to Sun Shan. The school told him that his talent was in architecture. The architecture department of the college had to finish six years of high school and have a diploma, while Hitler only had a four-year high school certificate. Faced with this situation, Hitler was very helpless and depressed. He didn't write home, nor did he go home. Instead, I stayed alone in Vienna, closed the door, buried myself in books, listened to operas or wandered around the street blankly. He didn't return to Linz until 10 ended. At this time, Clara, the mother with breast cancer, was dying. 65438+February 2 1, his mother finally passed away.
After his mother died, Hitler was faced with the problem of trying to make a living. Although he is completely independent, he has no skills. He has always despised manual labor and never thought of earning a penny by himself. However, he is not discouraged, but still full of confidence. He bid farewell to his relatives and announced that if he failed, he would never return to his hometown.
Wanderers in Vienna
1908 February, Hitler returned to Vienna. Vienna at that time was a splendid empire before the Habsburg dynasty was about to fall. But there are also poor people living in slums, dressed in rags and malnourished. Hitler at this time began to be full of critical spirit and rebellious spirit. He is often indignant at the injustice of the world and the oppression of ill-gotten gains by the rich and powerful. After arriving in Vienna, Hitler didn't want to enter the architecture department at all, nor did he want to learn any skills or engage in any normal occupation. On the contrary, he would rather do odd jobs-sweeping snow at the station, patting carpets and carrying luggage. In the first year, he lived mainly on his father's inheritance and an orphan's allowance of 25 kroner per month. By 1906, his father's inheritance had been used up, and there was only 25 kroner of orphan allowance every month. He became a total tramp, staying in the long chair in the park at night, or at the door of any house, and filling his hunger with cheap food in the small bar and waiting room during the day.
1909 On Christmas Eve, poor Hitler pawned his last winter coat and lived in a homeless shelter. But soon, at the instigation of a friend, Hitler left the shelter, moved into a cheap single apartment and decided to make a living by himself. He stays in his room every day to draw his postcards, which are sold by his friends and sell very well. He also painted some big watercolors for his friends to sell, which sold well. He lives a carefree life with the money earned by painting these paintings and the orphan's fee that he can continue to receive. But not long after, this "painter" who has always been keen on politics turned the reading room of the single apartment into a political club. Hitler talked with the "upper class" among the tenants gathered here and the frustrated among the citizens. According to his needs, he enthusiastically defended all the social and political slogans he endorsed, violently attacked those slogans that led to his failure, and made a simple explanation of the chaotic and complicated social phenomena around him. During this period, Hitler often read pamphlets advocating extreme nationalism and extreme nationalism and anti-Semitism. In particular, a magazine named "Star of the Oriental Temple of Heaven" was deeply loved by Hitler. The aim of the magazine is to create an excellent Aryan race with blond hair and blue eyes, and to oppose the so-called "inferior mixed race", especially the so-called "decadent" influence of Jews, and take the ten thousand characters as its symbol. Under the influence of this atmosphere, in a few years, a solid foundation of Hitler's political world outlook was laid: against tolerance and equality of all ethnic groups in the world, against democracy and parliamentary system, against Marxism and Jewish groups, and against social equality and political freedom. At that time, the core and the "true faith" he always adhered to was anti-Semitism. He firmly believed that his Aryan race was born noble, while the Jewish race was just the opposite. During this period, Hitler also observed the activities of Austrian political parties. He paid special attention to reading the newspapers and periodicals of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, analyzing the speeches of party leaders and summing up experience. After repeated deliberation, he finally came to the conclusion that political parties must combine with mass movements and master the art of propaganda among the masses, otherwise they will accomplish nothing.
Corporal in World War I
19 13 In May, Hitler, who was full of enthusiasm for the great German nation, left Vienna and moved to Munich. He wants to find his pursuit there. At this time, he still has no normal occupation and continues to sell paintings for a living. During this period, he often worked behind closed doors, plunged into a large number of political books borrowed from the library, and especially devoted himself to studying Marxist theory.
19 14 World War I broke out. Hitler, who had always been passionate about war, was "completely dominated by an unusual impulse". He "knelt on his knees and sincerely thanked God for having eyes", which made him "lucky to live in such an era". 1 August, the Kaiser declared war on Russia. On August 3rd, the Austrian, who lived in Germany and had no intention of working for the Habsburg dynasty, immediately wrote to King Ludwig III of Bavaria, begging the king to allow him to join the Bavarian army. On August 4, Hitler was allowed to join the first regiment of the Bavarian Infantry Regiment as a volunteer, become an army corporal and serve as a team messenger. He did so well that he even won the Iron Cross. Several times, he narrowly escaped death, which suddenly gave him a strange belief: he "will shoulder the great responsibility of the world" and he was just waiting for the "arrival of time" to make a blockbuster. Hitler was always extremely serious and sensitive about the purpose of the war and the fate of Germany. He opposed the curse of his comrades on the war. He often sits in the corner of the restaurant, with his head in his hands, meditating silently. Sometimes he suddenly jumped up and walked around excitedly, saying that Germany could not win because the invisible enemy of the German people was more dangerous than the enemy's biggest cannon. Then he will launch a fierce attack on "invisible enemies" Jews and Marxists. However, no matter how Hitler expected the victory of the war, Germany finally lost the war. The Kaiser abdicated and fled to the Netherlands, and Germany signed a surrender agreement at Compiegne station. At that time, Hitler was being treated in the hospital for his eyes blinded by the gas attack on the battlefield. When he learned the news, he was like a bolt from the blue and burst into tears. He wrote in Mein Kampf: "I can hardly hold on for a moment. I felt dark, and my eyes became dark again. I fumbled, stumbled back to the dormitory, threw myself on the camp bed, and buried my painful head under the quilt and pillow. " Then he "lived a terrible life, even worse nights." In these nights, hatred grows in my heart, hatred for those who have done this ... despicable sinners. So he saw his future clearly, "decided to join politics" and "be a politician".