Bashang historical knowledge 1
New Culture Movement
Knowledge points 1 the rise of the new culture movement
Background: During the period of the Republic of China, the political situation was chaotic, and some advanced intellectuals realized that it was necessary to stimulate people's new ethical consciousness, cultivate people's independent personality, thoroughly cleanse the poison of the old feudal culture, and launch an innovation movement in the ideological and cultural field.
Rise: 19 15, Chen Duxiu founded Youth magazine in Shanghai and published the article "Tell Youth", which sounded the horn of the New Culture Movement.
Representative figures: Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, etc.
Main positions: New Youth and Beijing became the most important positions in the New Culture Movement.
Knowledge point 2 The content and significance of the New Culture Movement
Main content: Lu Xun's vernacular novel Diary of a Madman attacked the old morality and culture, and profoundly exposed the cannibalism of feudal ethics in the form of new literature. Democracy and science are two slogans of Chen Duxiu's New Culture Movement. In the literary revolution, Hu Shi published "On the Improvement of Literature", advocating the use of vernacular Chinese as the language of new literature. Chen Duxiu published "On Literary Revolution", which advocated to tear down old literature and build new literature.
Significance: The New Culture Movement shook the dominant position of feudal ethics, made the people of China accept a democratic and scientific baptism, played the role of ideological propaganda, and paved the way for the subsequent May 4th Movement. Although the New Culture Movement has a one-sided view of China's traditional culture, it is still a great ideological emancipation movement.
Historical knowledge on Bashang II
May Fourth Movement
Knowledge point 65438+ the outbreak of the May 4th Movement.
Background: After World War I, the victors such as Britain and France transferred all German privileges in China and Shandong to Japan at the Paris Peace Conference.
Outbreak:1965438+On May 4, 2009, Beijing students issued a declaration and held a demonstration in front of Tiananmen Square.
Slogans: Students put forward slogans such as "Fighting for sovereignty from outside, punishing traitors from inside", "Fight to death, give me back Qingdao", "Abolish Article 21" and "Refuse to sign a peace treaty". Demands that pro-Japanese traitors Cao Rulin, Lu, etc. be severely punished.
Knowledge point 2 The development of the May 4th Movement
Expansion: On June 5th, Shanghai workers went on strike and merchants went on strike. The working class became the main force of the May 4th Movement, and the center of the movement shifted from Beijing to Shanghai.
Results: Beiyang government released the arrested students and dismissed Cao Rulin and others. The representative of China didn't sign the Paris Peace Treaty, which was a great victory of China people's anti-imperialist struggle.
Knowledge point 3 The historical significance of the May 4th Movement
Nature: The May 4th Movement was a patriotic movement that thoroughly opposed imperialism and feudalism.
Significance: South China University of Technology officially began to step onto the political stage, showing great strength. Some intellectuals and young students who initially accepted Marxism played an important role in this movement. The May 4th Movement was the beginning of the new householder revolution in China.
Eight Views on Historical Knowledge 3
The birth of China * * * production party.
Knowledge points 1 spreading Marxism
Background: After the May 4th Movement, more and more advanced intellectuals began to pay attention to Marxism.
Exchange: 19 19, New Youth published Li Dazhao's My View of Marxism; Many organizations have been established throughout the country to study and publicize Marxism; China's advanced intellectuals began to publicize Marxism to workers.
Influence: Inspired the class consciousness of workers; Marxism began to combine with the workers' movement in China.
Knowledge point 2 The establishment of China * * * producer
In July, 192 1 was held in Shanghai, and representatives from China * * * University 13 and international representative Ma Lin attended the meeting.
Main contents: The Congress adopted the first party program in the history of China's * * * production party. The party program defines the name of the party as China * * * The party's goal is to overthrow the bourgeois regime, establish the dictatorship of the proletariat and realize * * * productism; It was determined that the central task of the Party was to lead and organize the workers' movement, and the Central Bureau, the central leading body of the Party, was established. Chen Dutou was elected secretary of the C.O.
Significance: The birth of China * * * Production Party is an epoch-making event in the history of China. Since the emergence of China's * * * production party, China's revolution has taken on a new look.
The second largest university in China:1922 was held in Shanghai in July. The Congress reiterated that the ultimate goal of the Party is to build socialism. The party's minimum program was formulated: in the stage of democratic revolution, the party's main task was to defeat warlords, overthrow imperialism and unify China into a real democratic republic. In this way, China's * * * production party put forward a thorough anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program for the first time in the history of China.
Knowledge point 3 Business growth of the national workers' movement
Background: Under the organization and promotion of the Party, the first labor movement reached its climax from the beginning of 1922 to the spring of 1923.
High tide; 1923 February, Han Jing railway workers held a general strike, calling on them to "fight for freedom and human rights", which pushed the climax of the first national workers' movement to the peak.
Lesson: The Producers' Party of China realized that it was necessary to unite all possible allies in order to defeat powerful enemies.
Eight Views on Historical Knowledge 4
Northern Expedition (1926-1927)
1 the realization of national * * * cooperation.
1923 held the third congress of China, and formally decided to cooperate with the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat-sen to establish a revolutionary United front. * * * party member joined the Kuomintang in his personal capacity and was reorganized into the revolutionary alliance of workers, peasants, petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie.
The first Kuomintang Congress: 1944 1, held in Guangzhou. The congress developed the old Three People's Principles into the new Three People's Principles, and actually determined three major policies: alliance with Russia, alliance with * * *, and agriculture and workers. Its convening marks the formal establishment of cooperative relations between the two sides.
Whampoa Military Academy: Sun Yat-sen was founded in Huangpu, Guangzhou on 1924 with the help of the Soviet Union and China's * * * production party. Sun Yat-sen was also the Prime Minister of the Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek was the principal, and Zhou Dan IX soon became the director of the Political Department. It trained a large number of military and political talents and prepared for the establishment of the National Revolutionary Army and the Northern Expedition.
Knowledge point 2 Victory March of the Northern Expedition
Beginning: 1928, Guangzhou National Government decided to explore the north.
Objective: To overthrow the rule of Northern Warlords such as Wu, Sun and Zhang, and unify the whole country.
Situation: ① The situation of Hunan and Hubei was the main battlefield in the early Northern Expedition. On the battlefield in Hubei, Ye Ting led an independent regiment of the Fourth Army to defeat the enemy, even Keting Siqiao and Sheng Qiao, captured Wuchang, and the main force of Wu was basically eliminated.
(2) Since then, the Northern Expeditionary Army has wiped out Sun's main force in Jiangxi.
Results: The Northern Expeditionary Army hit the Yangtze River valley from the Pearl River valley, shaking the whole country.
Influence: With the victory of the Northern Expedition, the revolutionary movements of workers and peasants in various places flourished. Under the leadership of China * * * Production Party, Shanghai workers launched three armed uprisings and finally won, which wrote a glorious page in the history of China workers' movement.
Knowledge Point 3 Kuomintang Rightist Rebellion Revolution and the Establishment of Nanjing National Government
The failure of the national revolution: the rise of the revolutionary movement of workers and peasants touched the fundamental interests of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie. 1927 In April, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai and established the "National Government" in Nanjing. In July, Wang Ching-wei held a meeting in Wuhan to kill * * * producers and workers and peasants. The vigorous national revolution failed.
National reunification: After the establishment of Nanjing government, it continued the Northern Expedition and settled in Beijing and Tianjin. Feng warlord Zhang was killed by the Japanese army on his way back to Shanhaiguan. At the end of 1928, his son, Zhang Xueliang, issued a notice announcing "obeying the national government and changing the flag". At this point, the Nanjing government nominally unified the whole country.
Eight Views on Historical Knowledge 5
The Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army
Knowledge Point 1 Strategic Transfer and Zunyi Meeting
Long March begins: 1933, the Central Committee and the Central Red Army were forced to make a strategic shift due to the failure of the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression". 1934 10, the Central Committee led more than 80,000 people of the Central Red Army to break through the west and start the Long March. Transfer route: Ruijin, Jiangxi-breaking through the enemy's four blockade lines-crossing Xiangjiang River-marching into Guizhou-crossing Wujiang River-conquering Zunyi.
Zunyi Meeting: ① Convened: 1935 1 held in Zunyi.
Knowledge Point 2 Crossing Ceng Shan Grassland
After: Zunyi meeting-crossing Chishui four times (disrupting the enemy's pursuit plan)-crossing the golden thread (jumping out of the enemy's heavy encirclement)-crossing the Dadu River, flying over the lake to set the bridge-crossing the snow-capped mountains-crossing the grassland.
Knowledge point 3 The Red Army joined forces with Shaanxi and Gansu to win.
Victory meeting: 1935 10. The Central Red Army and the Northern Shaanxi Red Army joined forces in the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base. 1936 10, the Red Second Front Army, the Red Fourth Front Army and the Red First Army joined forces in Gansu, announcing the victory of the Long March.
Significance of the Long March: The attempt of the Kuomintang reactionaries to destroy the Red Army was crushed, the backbone of the Party and the Red Army was preserved, and the China revolution turned the corner. The Red Army's Long March sowed the seeds of revolution, forged the spirit of the Long March, and opened up a new situation of China's revolution.
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