Of course, learning knowledge needs to distinguish between true and false, and I have been actively engaged for a long time. Literary tasting should pay attention to exquisite art, and everyone understands the truth. These two seem to be taken for granted, but in fact they do their own things and have their own reasons. If an academic master explains Tang poetry, what he appreciates is only a fake poem, which will inevitably leave a laughing stock. On the other hand, when it comes to good poetry, Song people can't remember the name at once, so it's called Tang poetry, and no one doubts it. It happened that modern people invented the full-text retrieval of ancient books and met a so-called textual research scholar like me. One by one, they found that half of them were Song poetry. There was no full-text search at that time, and the editors were forced by the emperor's orders, so their knowledge was limited. Anyone who has a book by his predecessors is regarded as the income of Tang poetry, which naturally leads to many problems, and of course leaves opportunities for future generations to find problems and publish papers. In fact, all Tang poems are not necessarily good, and all fake poems are not necessarily bad. If you change your position a little, it is not difficult to find that there are many good poems in pseudo-poems, but some unexpected situations unrelated to the author are encountered in the process of circulation. In other words, can a poem be smoothly integrated into the Tang Dynasty from the Song Dynasty or even the Ming Dynasty without its own advantages? A few years ago, Taipei held a special exhibition of fake Suzhou films in Ming and Qing Dynasties, called "Fake Good Things", which was really a good idea. Here, let's talk about pseudo-good poems in Tang poetry.

First, Mount Li tourists "the title of Cuiwei Palace" Cuiwei Temple is the Cuiwei Palace, with dozens of pavilions.

The son of heaven didn't come, the monk went again, and the woodcutter left a pine tree.

See the whole Tang poetry, volume 784. The source of the poem should be "Poetry Talk" and "Yuan Tan": "Cuiwei Temple is at the top of Mount Li, and the old one has left the palace. Emperor Taizong spent the summer here, and the back hall was abandoned. Some tourists ask about clouds (poems). " Yuan Tan is a note written by Huang Jian based on what Yang Yi, a famous scholar, said in his later years. The original book does not exist, and many books are quoted in the Song Dynasty. Today, Li Yumin has a compilation. In her later years, Yang Yi lived in the last years of Song Zhenzong, and it was only fifty or sixty years in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, it is understandable that later generations suspect that this poem about the history of the Tang Dynasty came from the Tang Dynasty. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were also famous poets in the Tang Dynasty. For example, Shi Hua quoted Ji as Wu Poetry with the title of "Cuiwei Temple on the Peak", while Lei Bianchang wrote Liu Yuxi's poem with the title of "Feeling of Cuiwei Temple", but there was no such poem in both collections, which should be misinformed. A more reliable record is the Southern Song Dynasty Zhou Dynasty's "Qing Bo Biezhi" Volume II: "There is a quatrain:' In the old palace, the peony is red, and no one comes to see it. The ladies-in-waiting are already white-haired, arguing about the grand occasion of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Hong's predicate is full of meaning and infinite charm. When I was a child, I also got a poem:' Cuiwei Temple is a Cuiwei Palace with dozens of pavilions. When the emperor doesn't come, the monk dies, and the woodcutter falls loose. "Zhang Yu did it, and his thoughts are not diminished." Hong is Hong Mai. He praised Yuan Zhen's poem "Palace" in "Rong Zhai Essays", which was memorable. Zhou thought the poem was concise, so he learned that the author of the poem was Zhang Yu. Zhang Yu, also known as Zhang Yu, was born in Pixian County near Chengdu. He quoted the first time in the imperial examination many times. Injong died because he wrote a letter, awarded the school bookkeeper and retired. The History of Song Dynasty is circulated in 458 volumes.

Cuiwei Palace, located on Mount Li in Lintong, east of Chang 'an, was built by Emperor Taizong. It is said that shortly after its completion, Emperor Taizong was lucky enough to live here and write poems for Chu Liang with the phrase "Acacia" (Volume 29 of Yuhai). Among the poems that Tang Taizong has survived are Autumn Cuiwei Palace. The first two sentences say, "Qiu Guang condenses Cuiling, and it is cool outside the palace". It is a good place to live and rest, and its vision is also very broad. At the end of the cloud, he "looked up at the white clouds beyond the secular dust", and he felt that he was in a good mood, away from the secular and back to nature. Less than 200 years ago, Liu Yuxi wrote "The Feeling of Cuiwei Temple": "My husband was lucky in the past and left the palace to open the clouds. Zhu Qi welcomes the summer, and Liang Xuan comes for the summer. Soup and cake are given to a captain, and ice and ice are given to talents. The long beard disappears, and the jade floats on the ground. " The palace has been changed into a temple, and the royal family will definitely not come again. He just felt that the jade seat where Emperor Taizong once sat was dusty and no longer prosperous, and there was still incense in the temple. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the famous monk Cui Wei didn't go to school, so he may be stationed in this temple. Two hundred years have passed since Liu Yuxi wrote poems and Zhang Yujing studied here. After the rebellion in the late Tang Dynasty, Guanzhong was attacked by soldiers several times. In the past, the square palaces and courtyards in the city were burned down, and Cuiwei Temple could not be maintained. What Zhang Yu saw was only desolation.

Poetry is straightforward and simple. It turned out to be a royal palace, with a grand scale, pavilions and pavilions stacked on top of each other, and how prosperous it was. Later, when the royal family didn't come, they gave alms to the temple to do merit, which lasted for a long time. But now, the emperor has long since left, the temple can't be maintained somehow, and the monk has disappeared. It is desolate at present, but it is still popular. Loggers are cutting down pine trees. This pine tree is the Gu Song of the Royal Temple. It may be hundreds of years old. Royal things, people are almost guilty. Tang Yan Qian's poem "Changling" said: "I heard that the British master raised three feet, but he saw a fool and thief." Said the same thing. How rapid the ups and downs are! I just heard that the Lord raised Longquan three feet to pacify the world, and suddenly someone openly went to the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu to borrow soil. Zhang Yu's poems tell the story of prosperity and decline in peace. Without discussion, they are thought-provoking, and there are great actions of firewood people in desolation and peace. Hong Mai thought it was insightful to compare it with Yuan Zhen's song "Maid-in-waiting has white hair, Debating Xuanzong's grand occasion".

Second, the hermit "answers people" occasionally comes under the pine tree and sleeps with high pillows and stones.

There is no calendar in the mountains, and I don't know what month the cold used to be.

The 784th volume of "Complete Tang Poetry" contains this poem, regardless of the author's age. Its source should be a cloud quoted from The General Turtle of Poetry Talks (Volume 18) Ancient and Modern Poetry Talks: "Those who are too reclusive do not know their source. Good people don't ask names, don't answer, leave a poem, and go alone. " In my opinion, the more reliable record is "Notes on the Poems of Mr. Wang Zhuangyuan Dongpo" compiled by the Southern Song Dynasty Bookstore, Volume 4, "To Liang Daoren", and "Chi Yang Ji" quotes Teng Zongliang's "Preface to Hermit Poems": "Li Mountain has old poems, so it is a good song. Recently, someone passed on the poem "Mountain Residence Book". " Teng Zongliang is the Teng who Fan Zhongyan began to say on Yueyang Tower that "Teng fell to Baling County in the spring of four years". When he lived in Song Renzong, the preface of his Poem of the Hermit was incomplete. According to the fragments quoted in this section, we know that this hermit, who calls himself too recluse, lives in Lishan near Jinan today, and his life time is related to Teng, which may be older, but it is absolutely impossible. The original title of the poem should also be "Mountain Residence".

China has a tradition of staying at a respectful distance from others since ancient times. Although the royal family needs officials at all levels to maintain the operation of the political power and give them generous treatment, they also admit that the officialdom is dirty and the officials are mixed in the world of mortals. Stay away from the world of mortals, despise the world, and of course you won't get any related treatment. The ancients thought it was the noblest, often commended it, and used it as a grand event to recruit hermits to be officials. Becoming a monk or practicing is also equivalent to being a hermit. The last sentence of "Le Dao Ge" written by Ming Zan monk in Tang Dynasty said: "The world is not as long as the mountains. Pine trees cover the sun, and the brook flows forever. Lie under the vine and take a stone pillow. Mountain clouds as the curtain, jathyapple as the hook. Don't go to the emperor, don't envy princes. Life and death are safe, why bother? The hidden moon is invisible, and I often only like it. Without law, there is no life. I have nothing to sit on, the spring grass is green. " Write the feeling that hermits are far away from the world, close to nature, not wronged by the world, not worried about life and death, and completely detached from the world. The five-line poem of the Thai hermit is the most concise summary of Le Daoge. Life is arbitrary, you don't have to ask for anything, let alone care about the changes in the world. You can do whatever you want. Occasionally, I will come under the tree and sleep with a stone on my pillow. This is just a comfort. I don't need a reason, and there is no time limit. There are no calendar days in the mountains, and of course I don't care about the cold and warm weather, and the passage of time is naturally worry-free. This is the feeling of a real hermit. Poetry is very simple, but it is really the attitude of a true hermit who has no desire or desire.

Third, Linghu Pavilion "Zhangzhou Acacia Shop" Who named Acacia this river, Saiyuan Chemaduo.

We should only collect the tears of people in ancient times and sprinkle them on the empty Sichuan as a passing smoke.

The whole Tang poetry contains this poem, and volume 334 is a poem by Ling Huchu entitled "Acacia River"; Volume 778 is a linghu poem, which does not contain its deeds. In fact, Ling Huting was a poet in the Song Dynasty, and this word was found in Bi's Xitai Collection (Volume 12) and Gong's epitaph. Song Renzong Tiansheng has been a scholar for five years. He has served as a military attache in Jizhou, a judge in Yan 'an and a judge in Pengzhou. Moved to Zhejiang, moved to Jiangdong Road, and the official was Yuan Wailang and Zhidan Taishou. Jia You lived for three years (1058) and died at the age of 67. Zhang Lei Xing Lu (Song Fact Garden Volume 38), which recorded this poem earlier, said: "There is water in the east of Zhangzhou, which is called Acacia River, and there is a post station on the shore, which is also called Acacia Shop. Hu Ling's topic is poetry (poetry). " Yanzhou is adjacent to Yan 'an, and his poems were written when he was a judge in Yan 'an. It is called Linghu Chu, because Linghu Pavilion is not named after a poem, and Linghu Chu is a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty and is misunderstood because of the same surname.

There is a river in Zhangzhou called Acacia River, and there is a post office on the bank called Acacia Shop, which touched the poet's interest. He said that this is the main road of traffic jam, and there are many cars and horses coming and going. Although the purpose is different, who can't have the pain of leaving acacia? I don't know how many people shed tears in this river. Can rivers bring people's tears back to their hometown? The answer, of course, is no, and the poet ends with "it is lost to spill into the empty Sichuan". Although he is sympathetic, he is helpless.

Fourth, Du Changhua traveled dozens of miles in the Qing Palace in the south of the Yangtze River, and Xiaoxing's waning moon entered Huaqing.

The west wind was rushing in Ge Yuan, and everyone heard Yang Zuoyu's voice.

"Complete Tang Poems" 73 1 collected this poem, and the author's deeds are not tested. It is said in the biography that "people in the late Tang Dynasty" are attached. Three-body Tang Poetry compiled by Zhou Bi in Southern Song Dynasty is the first one in this book, which means it is the best poem in Tang Dynasty. Further, Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden before Conghua" will be included in Miscellanies of the Tang Dynasty, which shows that it is based on Xiqing's poems. Look at Xiqing's poetry volume again. It says, "There are talented people who are good at their names and don't work between words, and some who don't speak are surprised by their names." Record this poem "Recent Biography" and Fang Ze's "Wuchang Blocking Wind". Cai Taize, the author of Poems of the Western Qing Dynasty, is the son of Cai Jing, a powerful minister. The book was written in the early years of Du Nan. The so-called "recent biography" is a matter between the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties. Hu Zai's understanding is a bit biased, and Zhou Bi pushed it further, so it was identified as a Tang poem. In fact, this poem was carved in Huaqing Palace, and the Ming people also saw it. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu recorded four poems in Volume II of Talk on the River, and authorized Qin Feng and others to mention some prison affairs. Du Chang wrote an postscript, saying that Du Chang "moved to Qin Feng from Hebei, and passed Huaqing on September 27th of Yuanfeng three years". The first two sentences recorded in Talk on the River are "Sixteen journeys to Dongbiejiashan, xiao yue to Huaqing", which should be the author's original poem. Du Chang's History of Song Dynasty has been circulated in Volume 330. He is from Weizhou. After being promoted to the next level, he became an ambassador. Qingzhou is known in the first year, and Yunzhou is known in the next year. In the second year, Chongning moved from Xuzhou to Zhi Zhi Town. At the end of Chongning, he learned about Heyang Army from the bachelor of Longtuge at the age of 79. It should be said that this poem is a poem, so there should be no doubt.

The author's home is in Weizhou, now Xinxiang, Henan, and he entered the customs because he was ordered to handle the official business of Qin Feng (now Shaanxi-Gansu border region). Huaqing Palace, located at the foot of Mount Li in Lintong, is a famous royal palace in the Tang Dynasty. The author hurried to mourn the historic site in the middle of his official business, and he had many feelings to say. The last two sentences of the poem arouse discussion and contain infinite sadness. Yuan Chaoting is a famous Taoist temple in Lishan. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty visited Tianbao for seven years, and was told that Laozi had come to this pavilion and renamed it Shengsheng Pavilion. Changyang Palace is a famous royal garden in Han Dynasty, located in Kunming (this week). It's far from Mount Li, and it's just a freehand brushwork here. About the author, he was busy and arrived in Lintong in the early morning. The weather was bad and it was stormy. Writing it in a poem has aroused the infinite sadness of "how many towers are stormy" Poetry is very fluent, and there is a strong sense of picture when writing scenes and stories. Perception spreads through the picture, without discussion, causing infinite association.

From the poems on stone carvings seen in the Ming Dynasty to the quotations of poems in the Western Qing Dynasty, the characters are quite different and obviously polished. The author is not from Jiangnan, so it seems that the author didn't change it himself. Of course, the revised edition is more refined and mature in art.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Fang Ze's "Wuchang Windbreak" The spring breeze on the river keeps a guest boat, and endless thoughts flow eastward.

And you come to the water's edge leisurely all day, full of endless homesickness and melancholy that belongs to watching flowers greedily like a river and being forgotten.

The circulating track of this poem is the same as that quoted by Du Chang, but unlike Du Chang, there is no doubt that there are stone carvings and official biographies seen by Ming people. The information about Fang Ze's life is scattered. According to volume 3 of Bishi in Puyang, volume 267 of Xu Zizhi as a Mirror, volume 18 of Valley Poetry and volume 4 of Shaowu Fu Zhi by Jiajing, we can roughly spell out his life: Gong Yue, a native of Putian. In the eighth year of Xining, he served as an official of Dali Temple, withdrew from Jiangxi Road and rose to Changping. Yuan You has known Shao Wu for five years. Fu Yuanyuan, he is a doctor in the official department. Looking for Wanzhou. Ezhou, an official of Jianzhong Guo Jing, sang with Huang Tingjian. This is consistent with the "recent biography" mentioned in Xiqing Shihua.

Poetry is the author's work in his later years, and the details are difficult to restore. It is more likely that it was written when Wanzhou or Guan Ezhou were released. Ezhou is near Wuchang, and the author's home is in central Fujian. The first way home is along the river. Maybe he hasn't been home for a long time, maybe there is something urgent at home, and he is eager to go home as soon as possible. However, due to the wind on the river, it is difficult to follow the scheduled itinerary, so we can only stay. The poet explained that it was spring breeze and deliberately stayed. The "Jun" in the last two sentences should refer to the spring breeze. The wind keeps blowing. I come near the water every day, as if I had an appointment with the wind. Although the yearning for home is as close as an arrow, it is unreasonable to think about it, but the spring breeze and spring flowers have given themselves endless comfort in the charming spring scenery and forgotten their troubles. The poem is written casually, but romantic, giving people a feeling of gaining something and winning the poet's gentle purpose.

Sixth, Tang Yanqian's "Picking Mulberry Girl" The spring breeze blows silkworms as thin as ants, and mulberry bud only touches the crow's mouth.

Who is the girl who invaded Chenchen? Holding long arms and crying like rain.

Last year's first sleep, at this time, this spring's fallen leaves came late.

Worried about hearing Xu Li's voice outside the door, the housekeeper collected new silk in February.

Poems can be found in Complete Tang Poetry (67 1 volume) and Lumen Poetry Collection (67 1 volume) earlier in Ming Dynasty. This poem is included in the Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty published by the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, and in all editions of the Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry. It is relatively straightforward in art, but as far as writing about class exploitation is concerned, it is indeed a rare and suitable work.

Intuitively, this poem is questionable. Nie Zhongyi's "Wounded Tian Jia", "February sells new silk, May crops fall in autumn", is a famous poem, and the last sentence of this poem seems to be relying on or plagiarizing. But as far as the lives of Tang and Nie are concerned, they are basically people of the same era, and it is hard to say who copied them.

However, there are many doubts about Don Yan Qian's Poem of the Deer Gate. Zheng Yi in the Tang Dynasty, Xue Tingjue in the Five Dynasties and Yang Yi in the early Song Dynasty all compiled Tang collections, but none of them were preserved. There are three volumes of Lumen Poetry published in Ming Dynasty, and there are many books in it. It is said that Zhu's "Yi Studio Reading Record" volume five "Yi Yuan Ji Yi Draft", this episode "mistakenly received works, 62 poems, with 30 volumes". Modern Zheng Qian's Six Chapters of the Tang Dynasty (Dongwu Literature and History Magazine, the first series, 1976), Cao Xun's The So-called Meng Haoran and His Son in Tang Poetry (China Literature and History Series, No.3, 1983), and Wang Zhaopeng's "Forty Arguments on the Pseudo-Tang Poetry". Zhu Xu once saw the Book of Changes, but it doesn't exist now, so today people see that wearing poems is not as good as Zhu. The only way for modern people to re-edit all Tang's poems is to find documentary evidence for his reliable poems before the early Ming Dynasty. There are about 90 poems known today, and about 40 poems were mistakenly discarded. There are more than 50 poems whose authenticity can only be doubted. This song "Caisang Girl" is one of them.

Reading this poem carefully, we can see that the author has observed the life of the Caisang people in the south very carefully. At the beginning of the spring breeze, the baby silkworm hatched from the egg, as small as an ant, and the mulberry leaves just began to bloom. It's cold in spring this year, and mulberry leaves bloom later than in previous years. If in the past, the earliest silkworms had grown into silkworms. Whether the government is timely or not. At that time, the silkworm family was forced to make new silk, and they knocked on the door from door to door to urge them. Silkworm women can't resist the housekeeper, so they have to get up early and go to bed late. Even so, there is nothing they can do. "Holding a strip of tears like rain", I can't advance or retreat, and I am in pain and despair. This poem is also a good poem in the poetry circle between Song and Yuan Dynasties, and there are few works that truly reflect the life of sericulture women in the south of the Yangtze River.

Seven, Dai Shulun's "Children's Sichuan Landscape" Panasonic Mao Ting is cool in May, and Tingshayun tree is dark in the evening.

On the road, endless homesickness rises, and green mountains and green waters seem to be their hometown.

The first edition of Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry contains five poems by Dai Shulun, of which only Except Sleeping on a Stone Hill and San Lv Temple are original works, while the other three capitals are forgeries. These three songs are specifically: "Lanxi Acura": "The cool moon hangs down the eyebrows of Liuwan, and the more you look in the mirror. Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach in the middle of the night. " It is one of Wang Guangyang's "Lanxi Trilogy" in the early Ming Dynasty. See Wang Feng Chi Yin Draft, Volume 10; Suxi Pavilion: "The grass grows on the Suxi Pavilion, who will stop by the east wind?" Yan Chunwan did not return, a misty rain and apricot blossoms were cold. " This is also a poem by Wang Guangyang. See "Feng Chi Yin Draft" Volume 10; The other is "Landscape of Chikawa". Ge Hong is the most famous young Sichuan in the history of China, but did Ge Hong live in a landscape painting era? If you write about the scenery of Zhichuan, it happened that Zhichuan is the fairy capital of Taoist legend, and it should not be written about such mountain village scenery. Modern Xiong Fei's Essays on Dai Shulun's Poems (No.3 of Tang Dou Journal 1994) is regarded as Liu Song's poems in the early Ming Dynasty. See Liu Zhu's Poems of Chaweng, Volume 7. Zhichuan is Luo Zhichuan, a painter in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Jess, Naixian and Lin Bi all wrote his paintings. With such textual research, it seems that there is no need to discuss its authenticity.

Then, why did the poems of the early Ming Dynasty enter the whole Tang poetry and belong to Dai Shulun? The reason is that after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, under the advocacy of the slogan of "Poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty" by the first seven scholars, Ming people generally borrowed from the Tang Dynasty when writing poems, and bookstores also seized reliable Tang collections and forged them for profit, and Dai Shulun's poems were published in two volumes. Complete Tang Poetry is a collection of true and false poems, with 300 poems, half of which are false. Modern Jiang Yin's Collation of Dai Shulun's Poems (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, first edition 1993, updated in 2008) extensively collects ancient records, and basically clarifies the authenticity of Dai Ji for readers' reference.

In fact, the Ming people made great efforts to cast Dai Ji. For example, the two poems "Lanxi Acura" and "Suxi Pavilion" quoted above are really good poems, which have been included in many modern anthologies of Tang poetry, such as the newly published "Classified Appreciation of Li Tang Poetry" this year. The last example, The Landscape of Zhichuan, is a poem with pictures. In the poem, pedestrians who are resting in Mao Ting feel the beauty and comfort of the scenery and send away their homesickness. Zhou Xiaotian of the Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry wrote an article for this poem: "The scenery here is not much ink, so it has a foreign flavor. It is quite similar to the stick figure of landscape painting in the Yuan Dynasty, and it really has the interest of' imminent'. " Xiong Fei's textual research proves that this poem is based on Yuan people's freehand brushwork of mountains and rivers, and it feels good to read the poem in Zhou.

Eight, He Gongshi has a guest asking how to look at life.

But save this square inch of land and leave it to your children and grandchildren.

See the whole Tang poem, volume 795, and only quote the last two sentences. Shi Yang, a Neo-Confucianist in Song Dynasty, recorded the whole content of this poem in Guishan Collection, Volume 26, Poems and Postscripts of Xianweng, which is recorded today.

The last two sentences were widely circulated in the Song Dynasty, and the author also inherited many differences. For example, volume 49 of Shuo Ba is quoted from Wen Bao's Spitting Jade Collection as a congratulatory message, volume 46 is quoted from the Fairy Mirror of the Past Years as a congratulatory message, volume 18 is quoted from Dongpo's Poems, and volume 20 is quoted as Feng Dao's Poems of the Five Dynasties. There is even a documentary evidence that He Gong or He Tax Department is not listed here. Chen Shidao's Collected Works of the Folks in the Back Hill, Volume 19, Biography of the Ministry of Water Affairs, said that his surname was He, and he claimed to be Lang when he was a scholar. Song Zhenzong closed his eyes and meditated. He threw cloth and presented poems on the left side of the Taoist temple, and then asked his disciples to present Taoist statues of gold, silver and copper, which cost tens of millions. Su Shi's "Dongpo Collection" Volume 17 "Six Poems to Send Qiao Tong He Jun" said that he had seen it in Mizhou, and he sent a message to Qiao Tong from then on, never forgetting it. It happened to be a hundred years from the Jin Dynasty after the founding of Shi Jingtang to the birth of Su Shi. If Shi Jin is A Lang, he is at least an adult. When he arrived in Yuan You, Su Shi was in Beijing for about 170 years, which was too chaotic. How can laymen deliberately care about the celestial world?

The meaning of this poem by He Gong is actually very simple. The last two sentences answer the questions of the first two sentences: how to treat students? Managing life refers to keeping a family and cultivating oneself, which is the basic responsibility of life. The key word of the next two sentences is "land of square inches", which is considered to be "speaking from the heart" in Volume VI of He Lin Yu Lu Bing written by Luo Dajing in the Southern Song Dynasty, and is expounded in The Theory of Land of Square inches. I quoted Liezi Zhong Ni from Xiang Chu and said, "I have seen my heart, my space is empty, and there are several saints." According to this, "saving space" means that life focuses on self-cultivation, being honest, and setting an example for future generations with the heart of saints. Leave all this to future generations, so as to maintain the long-term development of the family.

Of course, if we understand this poem purely in a modern way, we can also interpret it as leaving room for everything, not only considering immediate development, but also not running out of resources for immediate interests. What is more important is to reserve a pure land for future generations and ensure the space for sustainable long-term development. Many years ago, when I was working in Hong Kong, I saw that there was still a large area of pure land in the northern New Territories, and residential and commercial development was strictly prohibited. These two poems came to my mind at that time. It may be beyond the meaning of the original poem, but it seems to be a good interpretation. Wang Zhifang's Poetry Talk and Zhang Jiafu's poems are quoted in Volume 19 of Poetry Talk: "There are more than enough fields to level, so we don't waste our children's plowing and hoeing. What dies is no longer a good species, but it is even more secluded. " This is what I read.

Nine, Lv Yan's "Jueju" 14 Looking at Badu alone on the summit, the moon is still lonely after the dark clouds.

There are countless people in the universe, and several men are husbands.

See the 858-volume Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty, which probably originated from Chunyang Real Mixed Collection compiled after the Southern Song Dynasty. Dunhuang suicide note Bo 3666 and Si 9038 all accepted this poem. The first two sentences are "Castle Peak looks straight at Eight Capitals, and Bai Yunfei is lonely at the full moon", but they are not the author, knowing that they are folk poems before the early Song Dynasty. Volume 7 of Hongzhi Huangzhou Annals is a poem by Bai Juyi, entitled Dongshan Temple. This is another attachment.

Lv Yan, Lv Dongbin, is the most famous deity in the late Tang Dynasty after the Song Dynasty. Today, there are about thousands of poems under his name, among which there are many forgers of various generations after the Song Dynasty. Today, everyone feels that it is not reliable, but it is still good overall. The year before last, I wrote the earliest record in Lv Dongbin (Wen Hui Reading Weekly 20 17 12.4). I thought of the book Taiping Universe in the early Song Dynasty 109, and I received Lv Dongbin's poem "Snow Wave Pavilion in Jizhou", saying, "You are lazy to find a real place, and the scenery is not clear enough for one night. The moon is blue and the wind is loose. Why not make a hole in the sky? " It may have been written in the Five Dynasties. Many people have seen him in the early Song Dynasty. He said that he was a descendant of Lu Rang, the secretariat of Haizhou. If he was born in the late Tang Dynasty or the early Five Dynasties, he was about seventy or eighty years old when he arrived in Song Taizong. You can still walk around.

Quoting this poem, although the characters circulating in Dunhuang are slightly different from those in Lv Dongbin's name, there is not much difference in meaning. From the analysis of the word "eight capitals", it is likely to be formed in the late Tang Dynasty, and it is the work of a folk savage or a hero in troubled times. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying of "riding five capitals" (Textual Research on Capital (Volume 25) quoted from A Record), while "Hangzhou Eight Capitals" was bounded by eight counties in Hangzhou, and "every county recruited thousands of people as one capital" (The Old Five Dynasties Money Circulation), which was what the eight capitals meant and extended to a wider area. Whether a poet "climbs the peak alone" or "goes straight to the green hills", it means climbing high and looking far, seeing through the difficulties in the world and being alone in the world. However, troubled times have broken the rigid board of the old dynasty, which has remained unchanged for hundreds of years, and given those unruly people at the bottom of society unlimited room for development. The universe refers to the integration of heaven and earth in time and space from ancient times to modern times. The author turned his eyes to the past and the present with infinite emotion and shouted "How many men are husbands". This is the emotion expressed by Liu Xiang when he met the first emperor in Historical Records, and it is the voice of a hero who is unwilling to be lonely and hopes to make a difference and achieve great things. I think this poem was formed in the late Tang Dynasty. In addition to the Dunhuang script, it is also due to reading history that Wang Jianchu was a thief tortoise, Qian Liu was also "less brave in boxing and liked Ren Xia", Ma Su was "less carpenter" and Yang Xingmi was "less lonely and poor" (see Biography of the Old Five Dynasties), all of which stood out and died in troubled times. Such a poem, such a thing, is unimaginable in peace and prosperity.

Hundreds of poems under Lv Dongbin's name in Complete Tang Poetry are mostly attached by Taoist priests in Song and Yuan Dynasties. These poems describe the supernatural powers and feelings of immortals, and most of them are broad-minded and despise ancient and modern times, as if they could fly to heaven by pulling out a few hairs. This kind of poem is quite popular in modern times, and its origin lies in the immortal Lv Dongbin. Comparatively speaking, the poems of Han and Jin dynasties are really insignificant.

X. Yan Lu's "the shadow of the phoenix tree" has an oblique sunset and a cold autumn wind.

Whether the old friend will come or not tonight will make people do their best.

See the poem "Complete Tang Poetry" in volume 900, with lyrics, from volume 1 of Flowers and Plants Nazi Party Compilation. In fact, the epigraph of Wutongying originated from this article, and the original work should be a poem rather than a word. An earlier record can be found in the biography of Ji Xian written by Zeng Yao in the early Southern Song Dynasty (one of the sixteen poems in the valley, ten poems by Gao Zimian), with the title "Fatangwu Mountain in the Emei Courtyard on the Border". The poem of Zhu Po for the Old Man in the early Southern Song Dynasty is quite detailed: "There is an inscription in the Emei Courtyard of Jingde Temple in Daliang. According to legend, the monks in the temple believe that those who are known as Shu monks and Emei Taoism have strict precepts and will not sit for 20 years. One day, a great man came with clothes and green fur and talked with him for a long time. I hope to see you here again next year, and I hope to see you rarely. Next year is Sunday, and at noon in Japan, the Taoist priest takes a bath and sits up and dies. At dusk, the great man came to ask,' Is Dao An?' Said, "I'm dead." The great man sighed for a long time and suddenly disappeared. Tomorrow, the number of books will be on the high ground between the walls of the church, and its language says:' The setting sun is oblique and the west wind is cold. Are you coming tonight? Let's teach people to make a perfect picture of the phoenix tree. "Calligraphy and painting fly, like flying phoenix dancing phoenix, there is no pen in the world. Between Xuanhe and Beijing, I can still see it. " The girder is Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. This poem contains a touching story. Taoists in Emei hold martial law and don't lecture for twenty years. He is a Taoist. One day, a tall and burly man came in wearing a green robe and talked with the Taoist for a long time. Today next year, we will meet again. On this day next year, the Taoist priest sat up and died, and the great man came and disappeared, sighing for a long time and leaving this poem. The great man didn't leave his name, so it was written for the appearance of Lv Dongbin.

The theme of this poem is waiting, which is the waiting for life and death between friends who get carried away. As the sun sets and the autumn wind gets colder, we meet, but the old monk has gone far. Can life and death separate our friendship? The agreed meeting can't be broken. Monks like to talk about causal reincarnation, while Taoism can return to the soul. They all believe that the soul is not far away and will return tonight. The poem is very simple, the first two paragraphs show the atmosphere of time, and the third sentence is very direct. Can an old friend from afar come back tonight? Do you remember our agreement? Teach people to stand in the shadow of phoenix tree. Have you seen me? I'll wait for you under the buttonwood agreed last year. Platanus acerifolia is a tall leaf. Moonlight falls among the leaves of Platanus acerifolia, and the flowing moonlight represents the passage of time. I waited for you all night. I believe you will come. I saw the moon rise and set. I saw the shadow of the moon dancing among the buttonwood leaves. I am still waiting. I believe in your promise.

People in Song and Yuan Dynasties always used Lv Dongbin's appearance to explain their ignorance or obscurity when they met people with lofty ideals. This short poem is only twenty words. It describes friendship, waiting, persistence and hope. Can you say it's not a good poem? It doesn't matter much who did it.

(Author: Chinese Department of Fudan University)