Tang Bai Juyi
Plain colors are natural colors, and circles are tailor-made for workmanship. Whispering like a pine and floating like a crane.
There is no snow in midsummer and no wind all year round. Hold Anthony wong in your hand and hide the moon in your arms.
The tail spot of the swim bladder is not dead, and the mallow is different. Who said relative, thin white beard Weng.
fan
Tangliqiao
Zhai Yu's time-honored brand, Pu Kui's value is not light. The flowers are not full-faced, and the sound is thin.
The weather is warm and windy, and the autumn moon is bright. If you have the same heart, you can give it.
fan
Don
Bao fan enters the forbidden palace, and I send flowers to move the fragrance.
Heng E must descend by clouds, not all night in the middle of the month.
Draw peony on the fan
Tangluoyin
Build a ladder that loves the red side and teach people to paint the future on fans.
The leaves are jagged, long with colored pens, and flowers bloom in the breeze.
A few shakes have stopped the butterfly, and frequent shaking is not afraid of losing berries.
Rooted without land, such as the fairy laurel, some people suspect that Heng E planted it on the moon.
fan
Donskontu
When Jane meets again in autumn, don't give up her donation. Yiyi is just looking back on her old friend.
Sometimes the pool can cover the sun, and a few cicadas can bear in the frost forest.
Forever broken fan
Tangtangyi
The wheel is like a bright moon, and Luo is like a thin cloud.
There is no reason to hide your smile, before the autumn wind.
Sad bowl rice
Don Wei Wu Ying
It's not an autumn festival, but a change of goodwill.
No more people are hiding, and the Committee is cold and empty.
Don't say anything, it will make the sales shine.
Ancient fan
Don Xiang Si
Yesterday, I decided to capture Javert, but suddenly I opposed the autumn festival.
The cold dust envies the daughter of the king of Qin, and the cool temple pampers the princess Han.
Like the old moon, the face is red, and the wind stops moving the musk deer clothes.
Thousands of bleak people, Mo Yu covered her tears at that time.
Yongshan
Tang xuqiu
In order to make Yutang full of coolness, every kiss will be unforgettable.
Frost and snow know where, and deeds come and go.
Once accompanied by a bottle near a small threshold, it covered the cloister for a few days.
If there is autumn wind in the Han Palace, who believes how many lines of tears Ban Ji has?
Forever broken fan
Tang Yangling
The powder fell out of the bed and was discarded, but the dust was still alive and still there.
If you are the first, you will be very sad.
A model word representing autumn
Tangzhenggu
I hate that he exposed himself to the imperial court. When it is hot, the world knows his friends.
Sweating, ungrateful in the middle of the night.
A mountain stream has been damaged, and a few lines have been invaded by dust.
After the green locust melts with the yin, you will never find it again.
2. Wang Xizhi's idiom allusions are related to the right general of Jin Dynasty and Wang Xizhi, the literary history of Huiji.
Every time he comes out of the mansion, walks through Mangshan Street and walks onto the small bridge, Wang Xizhi always sees an old woman selling hexagonal fans by the bridge, but few people buy them. One day, Wang Xizhi crossed the bridge again and saw her mother-in-law guarding the fan stall with a sad face. She suddenly felt sad, so she took a pen and wrote five words on her fan.
When the old woman saw it, her face immediately showed an angry look. Wang Xizhi smiled and said to her, as long as you tell others that this is an inscription by Wang Youjun, each fan will definitely sell for a good price of 100 yuan.
The old woman was dubious and sold fans as Wang Xizhi said. In a short time, the fans inscribed by Wang Xizhi were snapped up by pedestrians, and some even gave more money. The old woman was so happy that she couldn't keep her mouth shut.
Since then, this bridge has been called the topic model bridge.
3. With regard to the history and poetry of fans, China fan culture has a profound cultural background, is an integral part of national culture, and is closely related to bamboo culture and Buddhist culture.
China has always been called the kingdom of fan manufacturing. The main materials of fans are: bamboo, wood, paper, fans, ivory, tortoise shell, jade, bird feathers, other palm leaves, betel nut leaves, straw, cattail and so on. It can also be woven or made into various daily craft fans with beautiful shapes and exquisite structures, which are carefully carved, carved, ironed, drilled or waved by celebrities.
China fan culture originated in ancient times. In hot summer, our ancestors hunted plant leaves or poultry feathers and simply processed them to attract the sun's wind, so fans are called shading days, which is the original source of fans. Fans have a history of three or four thousand years in China. After thousands of years of evolution, improvement and perfection, it has developed into hundreds of fan families, but it is generally divided into two categories. A flat fan (that is, round fan, sunflower fan, wheat straw fan, tracts fan, etc.). ) cannot be folded, and the two folding fans can be folded freely.
Flat fan comes from "obstacle fan" (palm fan) and "bamboo+agility" (fans made of bamboo chips were called "bamboo+agility" in ancient times). During the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, a kind of semi-formal "instant noodles" shaped like a single door, so it was also called "household fan" and became the mainstream of fans at that time.
"Instant noodles" are all made of thin bamboo strips, which are used by emperors and civilians. In the Western Han Dynasty, the symmetrical "Albizia fans" (also known as male fans, ten thousand fans and round fans) were still round in shape. Albizia fan is characterized by a plain white face with the handle as the central axis, which is as symmetrical as a full moon. Ten thousand fans are made of bamboo and wood, with round or oval faces and pasted with thin silk.
At that time, Wan Fan made in the Central Plains was the most exquisite, and it was called "Chu Bamboo in Wan Qi", that is, Wan Fan made of Rusi Xiangzhu. This kind of fan was very popular in the Han Dynasty, and some poems praised it, such as Ban Jie's "Fan Poetry", "The newly cracked fan is as clean as frost and snow, cut into acacia fans, like the bright moon, move out the sleeves and shake it."
After this symmetrical round fan appeared, it was used for generations and became the traditional fan type in China. In the Qing dynasty, in addition to the circle, symmetrical sectors also included rectangle, oblate circle, square circle, plum blossom shape, sunflower shape, melon shape, waist shape and horseshoe shape ... These departments were characterized by symmetry, lightness and powerful craftsmanship.
Folding fan, called "gathering fan" in ancient times, or scattered fan, or folding fan, is named because its two ends can be integrated when folded. By the Southern Song Dynasty, the production of folding fans had reached a considerable scale.
Folding fans prevailed in Ming dynasty, and the emperor ordered the craftsmen in the palace to imitate Korean fans and absorb foreign crafts to promote the development of domestic fans. Fans originated in China and have a history of more than 3,000 years in China.
It first appeared in the Yin Dynasty and was made of colorful pheasant hair, so it was called "barrier fan", so the word "fan" had the word "feather". At that time, the fans were not used to fan the wind and enjoy the cool, but to keep out the sun and sand when the emperor went out for inspection.
After the Western Han Dynasty, fans began to enjoy the cool. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang gently shook the goose feather fan, and his clever plan came into being.
The wind of the feather fan is slow and soft, which is not reasonable. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, feather fans were mostly made of silk, silk, silk and other fabrics to decorate embroidery.
A moon-shaped fan is called "Wan Fan" or "Tuan Fan", also called "Acacia Fan". At that time, fans were rectangular, sunflower-shaped, plum-shaped, hexagonal and round; There are also handles made of wood, bamboo and bone; There are also fan pendants, tassels and jade ornaments.
Landscape flowers are often embroidered on the fan, with different styles. The boudoir ladies hand-cranked round fans, and the breeze is Xu Lai, which can not only add the elegant and quiet manners of the host, but also reflect the innocent and lively personality of women. Fan-painted poems first appeared in the Three Kingdoms period.
According to Zhang Yanyuan's Records of Famous Paintings in the Past Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty, there is a story about Cao Mengde's main book Yang Xiu and Wei Taizu's "painting fans became flies". There is a story in Wang Jinxi's Zhi that Wang Xizhi wrote a fan to an old woman.
At that time, there was an "old mother" who "asked Wang Xizhi for a book with a hexagonal bamboo fan" and "Xizhi was a five-character book". When she sold it, it rose from twelve to one hundred. Today, there is a "Fan Bridge" in the south of Jishan, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, which is said to be Wang Xizhi's Fan House.
The folding fan appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was extremely convenient to carry. Folding fan is also called "gathering head fan", "spreading fan" and "gathering bone fan".
Its fan bones are made of precious materials such as horn, tortoise shell, ivory, jade, torreya grandis, sandalwood and so on. The forms are Qin-style, Ruyi-style, Bamboo-style and Grasshopper-eye-style. Fan bones are divided into seven, nine, twelve, fourteen, sixteen and eighteen strands. During the Southern Song Dynasty, painting fans, selling fans and Tibetan fans prevailed, and fan shops and art dealers appeared.
It became a fashion for literati to write fan paintings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Modern Yun, Jin Nong, Shi Tao, Ren Bonian, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian, Xu Beihong, Fu Baoshi, Li Keran, etc. They are all masters of fan painting
At present, the value of each of these famous painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' is as high as tens of thousands of yuan, even hundreds of thousands of yuan. Appreciating fan-shaped calligraphy and painting must be savored carefully, and the artistic meaning should be chewed slowly.
Mr. Lao She is keen on collecting calligraphy and painting fans all his life. In the past few decades, he has collected hundreds of fans, including poems and paintings written by painters in Ming and Qing dynasties and modern times, as well as fans of drama celebrities. Mr. Zheng loves fans and regards fans as "treasures of calligraphy and painting".
He cherishes Zhang Taiyan's seal fan and Wu Hufan's childhood fan most. Ye Wenling, a contemporary female writer, has a generous collection of antiques, and her fans of calligraphy and painting are also among the collections.
There is a fan in the bookcase of her study with the word "cool wind" inscribed by Liu Haisu; The word "bright moon" inscribed by Feng Youlan; Pei Yanling's four words "Yanyun collapse"; Hua's humorous paintings, Cao Yu's poems, etc. Are treasured by Ye Wenling. The history of fans was originally called "nameless fans".
According to legend, Shun wrote Wu Ming Fan for the purpose of broadening audiences and seeking talents. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, a kind of "Zhai Fan" appeared, which was made of colorful pheasant tail feathers, so it was called "Feather Fan".
Er Ya says, "The leaf is named after the wood, and the fan is named after the reed." It can be inferred that the early fans may be rectangular reeds.
The early fans were not used for enjoying the cool, but as etiquette tools for rulers, so they were also called "etiquette fans". After Qin and Han Dynasties in China, the shapes of fans were mainly square, round and hexagonal, and the fabric of the fan was silk, which was widely used in the court.
4. Poems related to fans are new, as bright as frost and snow.
Cut into acacia fans, reunion is like the bright moon. In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze.
I am often afraid that autumn will come and the cool wind will take the heat away. If you give up your donation, your kindness will be lost.
2, "Song of the Fan"-Seven treasures of peach leaves in the Eastern Jin Dynasty draw a fan with bright moonlight. I spent a summer with Lang, but I didn't forget each other.
3, "White Feather Fan"-Tang Bai Juyi's true color, rounded. Whispering like a pine and floating like a crane.
There is no snow in midsummer and no wind all year round. Hold Anthony wong in your hand and hide the moon in your arms.
The tail spot of the swim bladder is not dead, and the mallow is different. Who said relative, thin white beard Weng.
4, "Fan"-the old name of Tang Li Yao Zhai Yu, Pu Kui's price is not light. The flowers are not full-faced, and the sound is thin.
The weather is warm and windy, and the autumn moon is bright. If you have the same heart, you can give it.
5, "Fan"-Tang Yufan walked into the Forbidden Palace, and this teaching flower moved the fragrance. Heng E must descend by clouds, not all night in the middle of the month.
6. "Painting Peony on the Fan"-Yin Weiai teaches people to paint the future on the fan to pave the way. The leaves are jagged, long with colored pens, and flowers bloom in the breeze.
A few shakes have stopped the butterfly, and frequent shaking is not afraid of losing berries. Rooted without land, such as the fairy laurel, some people suspect that Heng E planted it on the moon.
7, "Fan"-Tang Tuzhen reunited in autumn after a long separation, did not give up donating money, but only looked back at the old friend. Sometimes the pool can cover the sun, and a few cicadas can bear in the frost forest.
8, smashing the fan-Yi's wheel is like a bright moon, Roche is sparse. There is no reason to hide your smile, before the autumn wind.
9, "Sad Thousands of Fans"-Wu Ying, Tang Wei is not an autumn festival, but a kind change. No more people are hiding, and the Committee is cold and empty.
Don't say anything, it will make the sales shine. 10, "ancient fan"-Tang Xiangsi decided to catch Javert yesterday, but suddenly he was confronted with the autumn festival.
The cold dust envies the daughter of the king of Qin, and the cool temple pampers the princess Han. Like the old moon, the face is red, and the wind stops moving the musk deer clothes.
Thousands of bleak people, Mo Yu covered her tears at that time. 1 1, Fan Song-Tang-Note: Yin, Yin sound, meaning respect.
In order to make Yutang full of coolness, every kiss will be unforgettable. Frost and snow know where, and deeds come and go.
Once accompanied by a bottle near a small threshold, it covered the cloister for a few days. If there is autumn wind in the Han Palace, who believes how many lines of tears Ban Ji has?
12, "chanting broken fans"-Tang Yangling powder fell out of bed and was abandoned, causing dust. If you are the first, you will be very sad.
13, "Yang Zhuben Japanese Fan"-Su Zhe Fan comes from Japan, but the wind is not Japanese. Where there is no smoke, why ask Kazamoto? The wind doesn't know, so when asked about space.
If the air is a wind tunnel, it is just like an object. Whether the same thing is empty or not is a matter of wind.
But with the Japanese fan, the wind comes from infinity. 14, "Korean Wave Fan"-Hua Zhen sent a gentleman to decorate Nanjin, and the book was ingenious and thoughtful.
Why did Yueshi Group cut a ruler? Self-renewal is annoying. Wave the heron to fully open its feathers and then put it away.
It is better to use it to refine chicken forest. 15, The Collected Works of South Lake, Volume 1, Japanese Style-besides paying tribute, it is wonderful to grasp the nature and the bottom of the pen is brilliant and clever.
It's as if Shang Yue offered jade and Renfeng of China accepted it. 16, Yuan Ying Ji, Volume II, Painting Fan Song with a Small Fold in Dongyi Day-Wu Lai Dongyi came to the Eastern Wei Dynasty with a small fan, and the powder was folded like a phoenix feather.
Soaring in and out slightly, the painting is bright and bright. The tears of the silver mud mussel disappeared, and the picture on the Jinping screen scattered red and blue.
The moon is half cut with toad spirit, and Ziyun is dark and fishy. Although Xu Cheng's descendants are attached to Fei Yi, their family background is mixed with burning classics.
Tattoos wear an old-fashioned look, which is absolutely beautiful for Malays. An extraordinary foreign body must be Chen Ting. A rich ship can see the stars.
Zhu Rong ordered it when the fire hissed, sold it on the island and sent it to Qingling. The white dragon wakes up in summer after soaking in the skin, and the jade steps carry water and fly at night.
Penglai fairy falls, hibiscus cocoons become colorful. Zuzhouzhi brewed green glutinous rice from grass, and the giant turtle was punished.
The sea god cherishes treasure and thunders, and the husband is sick and weak. One hundred handles of Pu Kui are called single, but the bottle is filled with crystal sugar, water and sugarcane liquid.
Stone couch was angry and complacent, Silla finally fell, and heming was restored. 17, "butterfly lovers bone gathering fan"-Hong Yanjing, thin strands of Xiangjiang keel, cleverly stirred, folded into wrinkles.
A wisp of golden cymbals and flowers are brilliant, and the green tapestry is more concentric. The golden palace has been feasting for a long time, bringing temporary happiness and breeze.
Suddenly, when I heard the announcement that I had to play fast, I gently faded into the fragrant sleeve. 18, "The Tea Son will always fold the fan"-Song and Zhu Yigong's gauze bees take the plum blossom, and the treasure fan opens its wings.
A few folds gather in the breeze, and a twist gives birth to autumn. Gently shake mica to curl the slender branches.
Don't untie the jade chain, lest you be a flying pendant. 19, "Butterfly Lovers Fan"-Wan Yanjing "Xiangjiang keel is thin, cleverly somersaulted and folded into wrinkles.
A wisp of golden cymbals and flowers are brilliant, and the green tapestry is more concentric. The golden palace has been feasting for a long time, bringing temporary happiness and breeze.
Suddenly, when I heard the announcement that I had to play fast, I gently faded into the fragrant sleeve. "20," North Double Carving Qingjiang Yin Yin "-Ming Quyou" Double-ring branch, rolling loose like a person.
Half a moon is bright, and a spring cloud is greasy. When I got it, the breeze blew. "
2 1, "Ode to a Folding Fan"-Ming Qu You "It is unusual to open and close half a piece of breeze paper and then unfold it. Gold rings are thin waist, and Yumen weaves long wings. It is said that tourists carry sleeves and don't bother maids with flowers. Gong Luo freed me from jealousy, and I also gave you a reunion. "
22, "Folding Fan Fu"-Yang Ming's "Xunji" was elegant at that time to eliminate disasters, but it was beautiful in summer. In the past, Bansanghi, and a few years ago, running away was less, which was unprofitable. The circle is also regular, and it is light and automatic, which is cool and appropriate. Look at the cocoon, cut the face, sprinkle with Venus as the decoration, cut the teeth and cut the nails as the key, the rosewood is broken without trace, Zhu Xuanyuan is round, and the pedicle is like a spin. "
23, "Yong Sa Fan"-Ming Xuanzong "Xiangpu is misty and rosy, Tunxi is fragrant with flowers and rain. Sweep away the human heat and bring it back to the world to be cool. "
5. The poem "Fan Poetry" about fans
Year: Song Author: Zhang Shunmin
Fans should be used in hot weather.
Qiu Lai hung on the wall, but was blown away by the wind.
Wan fan ci
Year: Yuan Author: Yang Weizhen
The reunion dinner is more like a beautiful moon.
Chan Juan is short sometimes. Why should I slap her clothes?
Autumn leaves have fallen, so I fanned and gave up my donation.
Unlike autumn leaves, blowing in front of you.
fan
Year: Tang Author: Li Qiao
Zhai Yu's time-honored brand, Pu Kui's value is not light.
The flowers are not full-faced, and the sound is thin.
The weather is warm and windy, and the autumn moon is bright.
If you have the same heart, you can give it.
Ode to folding fan
Year: Tang Author: Yang Ling
The powder fell out of the bed and was discarded, but the dust was still alive and still there.
If you are the first, you will be very sad.
6.5 A poem about fans and a member of Wuping traveled around the lake.
Guangxi in early Tang dynasty
Bamboo leaves sing a fan, and lotus fragrance enters the dance clothes.
There are many twists and turns ahead, so don't go back first if you take advantage.
Harmony songs, relieve depression and resentment.
Don
Your elegance is invisible, and my concubine is like an autumn fan.
And the autumn fan, my body is always humble.
Mo Yan's flowers no longer fall, and Jiao Rong won Zhaoyang Hall several times.
Changxin palace
Tang Liu Fang Ping
In the dream, the king is near, and the river in the palace is high.
The autumn wind can be reheated, and the round fans spare no effort.
Meet the cows after the rain.
Don Liu Yuxi
The dispute between gold and fire is being suppressed, and the whispering rain helps the Qing merchants.
Xiao saw the kindness of Wan Fan and carved the night gauze lamp for hours.
The cicada in the tree sings early, but the grass in the yard is dull.
In those days, wealth was also melancholy, not to mention sadness.
Seeing Zhang Shizhai's prostitutes in the rain in Yangzhou
Don Liu Changqing
The night in spring is full of smog, and the snuff is getting more and more burning.
Add Shi Dai to the residual makeup, and dance brilliantly.
Laugh and fan frequently, welcome the song and move the string at the beginning.
I don't know if it will rain under the martial arts, but what happened to Haixi?
In the slogan of Li's official department, he was a bastard in the Yuan Dynasty and a sincere person in the Tao.
Tang Bao
In June, the fire started, and the gold fell three Geng.
A few times when clothes sweat, everyone knows the pillow.
No bad ice award, the name of cutting fan is high.
The official department also opened the urn to be caring and attentive to the two guests.
Accompanied by Wu Xianggong and Lu Langzhong at the Xiting Night Banquet.
Don Lu Zheng Shi
The Huatang banquet is open, and the stars come from the sky.
Dance to Jules, and the rest of the songs are fanned.
The water is winding and the threshold is winding, and the night is misty and high.
If it's not at the end of the guest stage, why go on stage?
Songsi
Don Lu yanrang
When the mountain temple is cold in summer night, the monk crouches in front of the stone steps.
Two or three pieces of electricity want to rain, and seven or eight stars are still in the sky.
Sweat stops the fan bed, and when the tea is fragrant, it stirs the spring in the stream.
Listening to Lotus Huayi all night, sleeping through the window.
Miscellaneous songs are my misfortune.
Tang Lubi
Your grace has been shattered into nothingness. I miss you and hate you.
As time goes by, it is bright, but the round fan sends the autumn wind.
Gold buys the heart, but it is not credible to clear the way.
Idle on the jade bar to think about the past, several times in the spring dusk crying residual red.
Melancholy associated with autumn
Tang luyin
The wild geese in crisp autumn are far away, and the cicadas on the sparse trees are white and cold.
Lan's defeat is still angry, and the round fan in his hand is gradually unprovoked.
Five temporary books
Don Sikontu
Having your own Chi Lian as a fan is not to say that the wind loves bananas.
I only pity Red Core for straightening up, as if I were loyal to this dynasty.
Hui ri zhong Yan
Tang Thursday army
Enjoy the cool when the banquet is pleasant, and enjoy the pool when the banquet is high.
Mei Xiang is scattered in the rain, and the willow turns pale with the wind.
Light dust falls according to the fan, and flowing water enters the string.
Never mind whether you will be late or not, you are just looking at flowers in the fog.
7. Poems related to "Fan" What are the poems related to "Fan"?
First, "Qingping Music, Cool on the Pool"
Qing Dynasty: Xiang Hongzuo
Clear water and clear words, quiet people in the courtyard sell summer.
Candle can't shake the curtain, and the bamboo shadow is half picturesque.
When you are drunk, you can help Sheng Tao. The cooked fan is cold and light.
When it rains in the lotus pond, it is autumn.
Second, "Xie Fan and Tea"
Tang Dynasty: Miracle
The gun flag is sealed with Shu tea, round and clean.
When guests are served separately, the bluefly should not waver.
Lusheng praised the wonderful method, and the class girls hated the cool breeze.
Thank you, Cui Jushi. Acacia loneliness.
Third, "Wisdom Fofo Agbo Fuzhou White Bamboo Fan"
Tang Dynasty: Zhang Hu
The golden mud fan is full of affection, but it is not skillfully woven by Nangong.
The vine is covered with snow, the handle is slippery, and the flowers wrapped in silver are light.
Fourth, "original inspection"
Song Dynasty: Sok Li
Lotus people are red in the face and the moon is in their hearts.
Turn the fan upside down and knock out the red incense tablets.
Five "Poems of Painting Fans"
Southern and Northern Dynasties: Bao Ziqing
Thin thread is light and light color is insufficient.
Straight is a beauty, wrong is a fan in the hand.
8. With regard to the history and poetry of fans, China fan culture has a profound cultural background, is an integral part of national culture, and is closely related to bamboo culture and Buddhist culture.
China has always been called the kingdom of fan manufacturing. The main materials of fans are: bamboo, wood, paper, fans, ivory, tortoise shell, jade, bird feathers, other palm leaves, betel nut leaves, straw, cattail and so on. It can also be woven or made into various daily craft fans with beautiful shapes and exquisite structures, which are carefully carved, carved, ironed, drilled or waved by celebrities.
China fan culture originated in ancient times. In hot summer, our ancestors hunted plant leaves or poultry feathers and simply processed them to attract the sun's wind, so fans are called shading days, which is the original source of fans. Fans have a history of three or four thousand years in China. After thousands of years of evolution, improvement and perfection, it has developed into hundreds of fan families, but it is generally divided into two categories. Flat fan 1 handle (that is, round fan, sunflower fan, wheat straw fan, tracts fan, etc.). ) cannot be folded, and the two folding fans can be folded freely.
Flat fan comes from "obstacle fan" (palm fan) and "bamboo+agility" (fans made of bamboo chips were called "bamboo+agility" in ancient times). During the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, a kind of semi-formal "instant noodles" shaped like a single door, so it was also called "household fan" and became the mainstream of fans at that time.
"Instant noodles" are all made of thin bamboo strips, which are used by emperors and civilians. In the Western Han Dynasty, the symmetrical "Albizia fans" (also known as male fans, ten thousand fans and round fans) were still round in shape. Albizia fan is characterized by a plain white face with the handle as the central axis, which is as symmetrical as a full moon. Ten thousand fans are made of bamboo and wood, with round or oval faces and pasted with thin silk.
At that time, Wan Fan made in the Central Plains was the most exquisite, and it was called "Chu Bamboo in Wan Qi", that is, Wan Fan made of Rusi Xiangzhu. This kind of fan was very popular in the Han Dynasty, and some poems praised it, such as Ban Jie's "Fan Poetry", "The newly cracked fan is as clean as frost and snow, cut into acacia fans, like the bright moon, moving in and out of the sleeves and shaking the breeze."
After this symmetrical round fan appeared, it was used for generations and became the traditional fan type in China. In the Qing dynasty, in addition to the circle, symmetrical sectors also included rectangle, oblate circle, square circle, plum blossom shape, sunflower shape, melon shape, waist shape and horseshoe shape ... These departments were characterized by symmetry, lightness and powerful craftsmanship.
Folding fan, called "gathering fan" in ancient times, or scattered fan, or folding fan, is named because its two ends can be integrated when folded. By the Southern Song Dynasty, the production of folding fans had reached a considerable scale.
Folding fans prevailed in Ming dynasty, and the emperor ordered the craftsmen in the palace to imitate Korean fans and absorb foreign crafts to promote the development of domestic fans. Fans originated in China and have a history of more than 3,000 years in China.
It first appeared in the Yin Dynasty and was made of colorful pheasant hair, so it was called "barrier fan", so the word "fan" had the word "feather". At that time, the fans were not used to fan the wind and enjoy the cool, but to keep out the sun and sand when the emperor went out for inspection.
After the Western Han Dynasty, fans began to enjoy the cool. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang gently shook the goose feather fan, and his clever plan came into being.
The wind of the feather fan is slow and soft, which is not reasonable. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, feather fans were mostly made of silk, silk, silk and other fabrics to decorate embroidery.
A moon-shaped fan is called "Wan Fan" or "Tuan Fan", also called "Acacia Fan". At that time, fans were rectangular, sunflower-shaped, plum-shaped, hexagonal and round; There are also handles made of wood, bamboo and bone; There are also fan pendants, tassels and jade ornaments.
Landscape flowers are often embroidered on the fan, with different styles. The boudoir ladies hand-cranked round fans, and the breeze is Xu Lai, which can not only add the elegant and quiet manners of the host, but also reflect the innocent and lively personality of women. Fan-painted poems first appeared in the Three Kingdoms period.
According to Zhang Yanyuan's Records of Famous Paintings in the Past Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty, there is a story about Cao Mengde's main book Yang Xiu and Wei Taizu's "painting fans became flies". There is a story in Wang Jinxi's Zhi that Wang Xizhi wrote a fan to an old woman.
At that time, there was an "old mother" who "asked Wang Xizhi for a book with a hexagonal bamboo fan" and "Xizhi was a five-character book". When she sold it, it rose from twelve to one hundred. Today, there is a "Fan Bridge" in the south of Jishan, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, which is said to be Wang Xizhi's Fan House.
The folding fan appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was extremely convenient to carry. Folding fan is also called "gathering head fan", "spreading fan" and "gathering bone fan".
Its fan bones are made of precious materials such as horn, tortoise shell, ivory, jade, torreya grandis, sandalwood and so on. The forms are Qin-style, Ruyi-style, Bamboo-style and Grasshopper-eye-style. Fan bones are divided into seven, nine, twelve, fourteen, sixteen and eighteen strands. During the Southern Song Dynasty, painting fans, selling fans and Tibetan fans prevailed, and fan shops and art dealers appeared.
It became a fashion for literati to write fan paintings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Modern Yun, Jin Nong, Shi Tao, Ren Bonian, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian, Xu Beihong, Fu Baoshi, Li Keran, etc. They are all masters of fan painting
At present, the value of each of these famous painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' painters' is as high as tens of thousands of yuan, even hundreds of thousands of yuan. Appreciating fan-shaped calligraphy and painting must be savored carefully, and the artistic meaning should be chewed slowly.
Mr. Lao She is keen on collecting calligraphy and painting fans all his life. In the past few decades, he has collected hundreds of fans, including poems and paintings written by painters in Ming and Qing dynasties and modern times, as well as fans of drama celebrities. Mr. Zheng loves fans and regards fans as "treasures of calligraphy and painting".
He cherishes Zhang Taiyan's seal fan and Wu Hufan's childhood fan most. Ye Wenling, a contemporary female writer, has a generous collection of antiques, and her fans of calligraphy and painting are also among the collections.
There is a fan in the bookcase of her study with the word "cool wind" inscribed by Liu Haisu; The word "bright moon" inscribed by Feng Youlan; Pei Yanling's four words "Yanyun collapse"; Hua's humorous paintings, Cao Yu's poems, etc. Are treasured by Ye Wenling. The history of fans was originally called "nameless fans".
According to legend, Shun wrote Wu Ming Fan for the purpose of broadening audiences and seeking talents. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, a kind of "Zhai Fan" appeared, which was made of colorful pheasant tail feathers, so it was called "Feather Fan".
Er Ya says, "The leaf is named after the wood, and the fan is named after the reed." It can be inferred that the early fans may be rectangular reeds.
The early fans were not used for enjoying the cool, but as etiquette tools for rulers, so they were also called "etiquette fans". After Qin and Han Dynasties in China, the shapes of fans were mainly square, round and hexagonal, and the fabric of the fan was silk, which was widely used in the court.