Before the Meiji Restoration, in Japan, the reformist centers with the middle and lower samurai as the main body were in the economically developed four clans of Samo, Changzhou, Tosa and Feiqian in the southwest. They gradually realized the crisis of the backward ethnic groups in their country and put forward the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries".

1865, the movement of respecting the king against foreign countries turned into an armed rebellion.

1866, Samak allied with the samurai in Changzhou.

1867, the young Meiji emperor succeeded to the throne, and the emperor's secret edict was given to his followers. The rebels staged a coup, declared that "Wang Zheng was retro", abolished the Tokugawa era and established a new government. Kubo Toshiichi, Saigō Takamori and Edo Koji seized power and ordered Tokugawa Yoshinobu to hand over his territory.

1868, Tokugawa Yoshinobu assembled troops in an attempt to counterattack, but was defeated by the government forces in the Battle of Bird Feather and Fujian, and the troops were destroyed. The victory of the closing movement laid the foundation for the later reform.

The essence is to overthrow the Tokugawa era.

Japan's closing movement

1in June, 863, the shogunate was forced to declare "anti-foreign", and then the American and French warships attacked Shimonoseki and the British fleet attacked Samoa. /kloc-in the spring of 0/865, Takayama Shinsuke, the leader of the anti-foreign faction in Wang Zun, Changzhou, put forward the strategy of "opening a port to discuss the curtain", decided not to mention "anti-foreign" and turned to armed opposition, and formed a secret military alliance with Samoans. At the same time, Britain also weighed the pros and cons, changed its strategy and helped the rebels. On the other hand, the shogunate took refuge in France and launched the second war to conquer Changzhou Francisco in July 1866. At this time, the people's uprising was surging, which dealt a heavy blow to the shogunate. Changzhou-Francisco joined forces to fight bravely and forced the shogunate to retreat in September of the same year. The authority of the shogunate plummeted.

1867 Emperor Xiaoming died, Prince Mu Ren (Emperor Meiji) ascended the throne, and shady forces actively allied to send troops. 165438+1On October 8th, the emperor issued an order to discuss the secrets of the curtain. On the 9th, Shogun General Tokugawa Yoshinobu called for "returning major policies", but at the same time assembled elite troops in Osaka in an attempt to rebel. 1868 (the first year of Chen Wu) 65438+ 10. On 3 October, the Emperor issued "The Imperial Government Restoration", which abolished the shogunate and made Tokugawa celebrate "resigning from office and accepting land". On the 8th 10, Tokugawa Yoshinobu declared Osaka's "edict of restoring ancient ways" illegal. 1October 27th, 65,438, the imperial army with 5,000 people, mainly Saskatchewan and Nagano, fought fiercely with the shogunate army15,000 people near Kyoto, and Tokugawa Yoshinobu was defeated by Edo. The "Chen Wu War" began. The emperor's army invaded the east on a large scale, forcing Tokugawa Yoshinobu to hand over Edo City on May 3, 1986, and put down the rebel princes in the northeast at the beginning of 10, and the war basically ended. /kloc-in the spring of 0/869, the emperor's army went to Hokkaido and captured Hakodate, the last stronghold of the remnants of the shogunate, on June 27th, ending the Chen Wu War. In the war, the people's struggle effectively cooperated with the emperor's army, which was an important reason for the emperor's government to win the war.