After the signal was sent, the two sides immediately eased down and talked and laughed! "Let's help Daming. On the Mid-Autumn Festival this year, we will sneak into the palace and kill the emperor of the Dalai Lama. "
This scene must be familiar to everyone, and it will soon be associated with Mr. Jin Yong's Duke of Lushan, and the secret code is the "Morse code" that heaven and earth will use for the purpose of "clearing sight" to contact comrades-in-arms and distinguish between the enemy and me.
Mr Jin Yong's other works, The Book of Sword and The Record of Pleasure and Complaint, all have the plot of anti-Qing and regaining sight in Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain. It is also untenable to say that Jin Yong has a clear distinction between China people and foreigners. The indomitable hero in Tian Bu is the Khitan people, and the background of Tian Bu is the peak of Han civilization in Song Dynasty, but Jin Yong did not praise Song Dynasty and belittle Liao Dynasty. In "Eternal Dragon Slayer", there is no special writing about the Han people's anti-Yuan restoration of the Song Dynasty.
This phenomenon can not be viewed from a narrow perspective, but needs to start with the system and background of Yuan and Qing Dynasties.
Anti-Qing dynasty is in full swing.
1644 After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the small court in Nanming, the remnants of the former dynasty such as Li Zicheng and Zhang, the Zheng and his son who insisted on anti-Qing in Taiwan Province Province, the well-known Heaven and Earth Society, Wu Sangui, the initiator of the "San Francisco Rebellion", and even Xiaozong, who was far away from the Korean peninsula, successively carried out anti-Qing activities with slogans.
Even in the late Qing Dynasty, the words "265 years of Chongzhen" appeared in the literary works of Korean folk literati.
The Qing Dynasty caused such a large-scale rebellion mainly because of its simple and rude rule.
The practice of shaving and changing clothes all over the country makes Hanfu unique in the world. The bow-down ceremony and the Eight Banners system made the Han people feel that this was a great retrogression compared with the Ming Dynasty.
At that time, the resistance launched by the Han people against these measures in the Qing Dynasty was brutally suppressed by the authorities. A series of events in Jiangnan are bloody facts.
A flash in the pan in the Yuan and Song Dynasties
Both the Manchu Dynasty and the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty were dynasties in China's history when ethnic minorities occupied the Central Plains and completed the unification. Different from the anti-Qing and anti-Ming movements, there are few anti-Yuan and anti-Song movements.
What impressed me the most was the boiling of people's grievances at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, which triggered the Red Scarf Army uprising. Han, the leader of the Red Scarf Army, claimed to be the grandson of VIII, and the backbone of the rebel army claimed to be the descendant of the famous Southern Song Dynasty. The insurgents even hit "3,000 warriors, reaching the land of Youyan; Dragonfly Ninth Five-Year Plan, the day of reopening the Great Song Dynasty ".
However, Han claimed to be the Ming king, and the religious color of the rebel army was also very strong. After the uprising, he no longer talked about "opposing Yuan and restoring Song Dynasty", but "fighting against Ming and dark". Obviously, the top management of the Red Scarf Army realized that it is more appealing and attractive to use religion to appeal to believers than to use the so-called feelings of the motherland.
The Iterative Background of Yuan and Qing Dynasties and Song and Ming Dynasties
It is said that the Song Dynasty was the richest, the people's life was the most stable, and the scholar-officials had the highest status. The influence of the Song Dynasty was no less than that of the Ming Dynasty. Why are there so few anti-Yuan activities?
The reasons for this phenomenon should be compared from the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, and the differences between the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty should also be considered.
First of all, the Ming Dynasty, which was replaced by the Manchu Dynasty, was a unified dynasty that affected all of China, while the Southern Song Dynasty, which was replaced by the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty, was a regime that was partial to the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, the North was the Jin State established by Jurchen, and its influence was far from the same.
Secondly, when the Ming Dynasty perished, Emperor Chongzhen hanged Jingshan Park and died tragically. The last emperor of the Song Dynasty and his minister Lu Xiufu threw themselves into the river together, which was heroic enough. But the difference is that Kublai Khan treated Song Gongdi who surrendered voluntarily in Lin 'an, which, to a certain extent, was a very strong signal to win over the Han literati. The emperors of the Ming Dynasty were not so lucky. After Chongzhen's death, Emperor Nanming's fate was miserable, and Prince Zhu San was always a nightmare for Emperor Kangxi.
Unlike Zhao Mengfu, an official of the Song Dynasty in the early Yuan Dynasty, the Manchu Dynasty was afraid of the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty because he was a minority in the Central Plains. Therefore, the royal family of Zhu Ming had to fight against the Manchu dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty, even for self-protection.
In ancient times, the emperor was not only a person, but also a symbol with great appeal. Members of the royal family in Zhu Ming are the spiritual leaders of "anti-Qing and regaining sight", and the royal family in Zhao and Song Dynasties has long been unified by the Yuan Dynasty. Even if you shout "Anti-Yuan Revival", people will not follow you.
The ruling style of Manchu, Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties
Unlike the Manchu dynasty, which permeated almost all levels of Han society, Meng Yuan did not make too many attempts.
Although the traditional imperial examination for the promotion of Han scholars was held only 16 times in the Yuan Dynasty, and the admission of scholars was not valued in officialdom, in the Yuan Dynasty, the business environment was good, and most Han people could still maintain their old customs and living habits.
At the same time, although the social status of the Han nationality was low at that time, the class difference was still the most important-the social status of the Han landlords was definitely much higher than that of slaves of all ethnic groups; In addition, the degree of cultural integration between different classes and nationalities is not good, and the cultural conflict is not as fierce as that of the Qing Dynasty.
For example, Guan Hanqing, a writer of Yuan Zaju, created the image of Zhang Lver, a rogue who bullied men and women, in Dou E Yuan. The name Zhang Luer is a typical Mongolian or Semu naming style in Yuan Dynasty.
Guan Hanqing dares to write like this, indicating that "I scold you and you don't understand"; And this kind of thing is impossible in the Qing dynasty.
Although the Manchu emperor had a high level of Chinese culture, it became a means for them to speculate on the psychological activities of Han literati and persecute them with "literary inquisition" at every turn.
Even the Han literati who entered the superstructure were generally inferior to Manchu officials. Local governors and other government officials were Manchu, and it was not until the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom that Hu Linyi became the first governor of the Han nationality.
This kind of ruling method, which is incompatible with the Han society, led to the rise of the "anti-Qing and regaining sight" movement.
Manchu also revised and smeared the ancient books of past dynasties. All books that opposed feudal ethics, rebelled against Manchu rule, and even were not conducive to the image of the Qing Dynasty were completely deleted.
For example, in Sikuquanshu, Yue Fei's famous sentence "Man Jiang Hong" was changed to "Hungry to eat pork, laughing and drinking Hun blood".
The reason is that Yue Fei has a hostile relationship with Manchu kin, and his poems obviously show contempt and cannot be established as a positive image by the Qing Dynasty.
Unlike Meng Yuan, who almost gave up, the ruling style of Manchu was undoubtedly more likely to arouse the resistance of Han people.
Meng Yuan was happily replaced by the Ming Dynasty because of its short existence, its unwillingness to be localized in China and its laziness to exert its influence throughout the country. At the same time of partial sinicization, Manchu extended its ruling time, which caused waves of resistance because of incomplete sinicization.
Compared with the Yuan Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty was more like suffering from a chronic disease, which lasted for more than 200 years.
In this case, it is not surprising that anti-Qing organizations continue to exert influence on the people.