Because of the situation in novel coronavirus, many people have been paying attention to it recently, and there are many situations in the society. I believe everyone has a certain understanding. In fact, however, such a large-scale infectious disease is not the first time in human history. It happened in ancient times. There is a word that everyone is familiar with: "plague". We often see in TV dramas that people are very scared when the plague occurs. So how did the ancient plague happen, and how was the most serious one cured?

1. What was the ancient plague?

Since ancient times, mankind has suffered countless plagues, some of which are particularly serious and have a great impact on future generations of mankind: SARS, plague, smallpox, influenza, cholera and so on. Generally speaking, plague is an infectious disease caused by some highly pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses. It is usually caused by poor sanitation after natural disasters.

: "Plague, which is shared by all people, is also called epidemic disease." Its onset is rapid and the syndrome is dangerous. If boils and epidemic viruses appear at the source, at first, people can see aversion to cold and intense heat, but immediately the heat is not cold, headache and body pain, white fur like powder, crimson tongue, rapid pulse and so on. It is mainly used to treat diarrhea, which is characterized by large yin and three yin elimination. If the heat is toxic and pathogenic in the stomach or the blood heat is excessive, you can see high fever, irritability, splitting headache, abdominal pain and diarrhea, or epistaxis, macula, unconsciousness, burning tongue coating and so on. To cure pestilence and detoxify, Qingwen Baidu decoction and Baihuhe rhinoceros horn cimicifuga decoction should be used. See epidemic, day, time, fever, spots, etc.

2. How did the ancient plague happen?

In China's costume dramas, there are often frightening "plagues". The so-called plague, according to today's understanding, is an acute infectious disease that is easy to spread, somewhat similar to the Black Death in the West. In ancient China, whenever there was a plague, a large number of people often died and the people were miserable. Why on earth did the plague happen? Let's discuss it from two aspects.

The first aspect is the emergence and spread of the plague. The reason can be divided into two factors. First, natural factors, that is, four familiar natural disasters: flood, drought, locust plague and earthquake. The occurrence of these four disasters is often difficult to predict, and sometimes they even accompany each other, resulting in serious consequences. Floods and earthquakes directly caused a large number of deaths of people and livestock. If a large number of human and animal corpses are not treated in time, it is easy to form a source of infection. Drought and locust plague caused crop failure and food shortage, which in turn led to the death of people and animals and formed the source of infection. Second, social factors, including war and famine. Wars were not uncommon in ancient times, such as wars between dynasties, ethnic struggles and peasant uprisings of all sizes. After the war, there will be corpses everywhere, with countless casualties. If not handled properly, it is easy to form an epidemic. As for famine, its result is very similar to the previous example, so I won't go into details here.

When these natural and man-made disasters happen, people will migrate to avoid them, and migration will spread the epidemic widely among people. Even if there is no migration, people live together and have frequent contact, which will easily lead to the spread of epidemic diseases. So if one person gets sick, the whole family and even the whole village may suffer.

The second aspect is improper response. Obviously, the ancients had their inevitable limitations. In the face of plague, it is often difficult for people to deal with it effectively. As far as the social background is concerned, before the arrival of the plague, various natural and man-made disasters have seriously damaged social production. People don't have enough material conditions to implement protection and treatment in time, and even if they do, the effect is relatively limited. However, due to the distance between time and space, it is difficult for the central government to reach the place in time. Personally, the poor living environment makes people's nutritional status very unsatisfactory. Lack of human nutrition will more or less lead to the decline of human immunity, which is more likely to cause and spread plague.

In the course of human history, part of it is that human beings constantly struggle with various diseases. Therefore, social progress is also reflected in more and more diseases being prevented and cured, and people's health being effectively and permanently guaranteed. Today, there are still people who make unremitting efforts for the development of medical care. We are born as human beings, and we should work harder to maintain the meaning of life.

3. What plagues happened in ancient times?

pre-Qin period

Plague has long been recorded in China historical materials. For example, "Danxi Heart Method Plague V" records: "All diseases can be cured, and there are chronic diseases at any time." Record: "When Ji Chun is in summer, people will suffer from many diseases and epidemics." At that time, the knowledge of plague had reached a certain level, and it was believed that plague could occur all year round. One of the reasons is the disorder of seasonal qi, which is caused by "untimely qi"

It also records the earliest extant ancient Chinese medicine book "Notes on Zhou Li Tianguan". For example, "Lu Chunqiu Ji Chun Ji" pointed out: "When the five epidemics come, no matter how big or small, they are easy to be infected, and the symptoms are similar. Righteousness exists inside, and evil can't be done, avoiding its poison gas. " : "Never abdicate, that is, the wind gets up early, it doesn't rain, the wet weather doesn't change, and the people are sick and flawed. Wind, people's diseases are joint pain, headache, fever and upset, dry throat and drinking. " It is pointed out that epidemic febrile diseases are infectious, epidemic and similar in clinical manifestations, and their onset is related to climate. It is believed that as long as "healthy qi exists inside", it can "avoid its toxic gas".

Eastern Han Dynasty

Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty said in the preface of his book Huangdi Neijing: "There are many clans, with more than 200 families. Jian 'an hasn't been ten years yet. Two of the three people died, and typhoid fever ranked seventh. Feeling lost in the past, it is difficult to recover the damage, but it is also difficult to seek wisdom from the past. "The typhoid fever in the article not only refers to exogenous fever, but also includes serious infectious diseases at that time, which shows that the plague was rampant at that time.

Three Kingdoms

Cao Zhi's "Su Wen Acupuncture Theory" records that "in the twenty-second year of Jian 'an, boils prevailed, and every family suffered from zombies, and every family mourned. Either close the door and die, or lose your family. Or think: plague, ghosts and gods. I know I am Brown's son, and I pricked up my ears in the quiet room! If the husband's hall is in Shi Ding's home, at the door of the sable tired, it will be fresh. This is the disharmony between yin and yang. Incorrect cold and heat is the cause of the epidemic. It is ridiculous for stupid people to hold on to it. " This article describes the tragic situation of epidemic disease, and clearly points out that "epidemic disease" is not caused by ghosts and gods, but by "dislocation of yin and yang, wrong time of cold and heat"

RoyceWong, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, also recorded in Su Wen's Instinctive Disease: "You can't see anything when you go out, but the bones cover the plain. On the road, a hungry woman left the grass with her child in her arms. Gu Hao cried, cried, cried. If you don't know where you died, how can you marry each other? The horse was driven away, and I can't bear to hear that. " It is a true portrayal of the bleak scene at that time. According to historical records, there were 17 epidemics recorded in 70 years from Herry Liu, Emperor Gaozu, to Liu Xie, Emperor Gaozu. The epidemic has been going on for many years, and the people are miserable, even the literati have not been spared. For example, Xu Gan, Chen Lin, Angelababy and Liu Zhen, among the famous "Seven Children of Jian 'an" in the history of literature, also died for a period of time. Its horror can be seen.

Jin Dynasty

Ge Hong of Jin Dynasty also discussed plague in Treatise on Febrile Diseases, saying that there are three kinds of typhoid fever, typhoid fever and epidemic febrile diseases. Cough in the elderly, ghost poison, called fever. " In addition, a chapter on "Treating Malaria, Furuncle and Poison" was specially set up, which recorded the prescriptions for treating and preventing fever, such as Gansan, Laojun Shen Ming Powder, Du Xue Powder and Biwen Disease Powder.

Sui dynasty

Fang Shuo Epidemic Qi in Sui Dynasty holds that epidemic diseases are "similar to seasonal diseases such as qi, temperature and heat,

Based on the seven-wound poems written by Bing Wang in Tang Dynasty, it is considered that epidemic febrile diseases are related to the abnormal changes of five movements and six qi, so they are called "five plagues" and "five sores" of golden plague, wood plague, water plague, fire plague and soil plague. It shows that the ancients have realized that the cause of epidemic febrile diseases is different from the general six evils, but a popular virus.

Song dynasty

Zhang Congzheng, a physician in the Song Dynasty, wrote "Elbow Emergency Prescription": "Another example is that in February and March, when people are popular and plague strikes, they will have a headache or joint pain first, similar to typhoid fever, seasonal gas, summer heat, rheumatism and moderate drinking. Be careful not to treat with croton poison. My husband's plague can't get on the table, just like croton's pills. " The author puts forward his own views on the clinical manifestations and treatment of plague.

the Yuan Dynasty

Zhu Danxi, a doctor in Yuan Dynasty, said, "Plague is a common disease, also known as plague. There are three treatments: Yi Bu Yi San. " Summarized the treatment methods of plague.

tomorrow

Wu, a physician in Ming Dynasty, witnessed the horror of epidemic disease at that time, and made in-depth and detailed observation and discussion on epidemic disease on the basis of previous discussions. His Nine Treatise on Febrile Diseases is a treatise on febrile diseases in China, which is detailed. It is believed that "epidemic febrile disease is a disease, and NO FENG フウカ is neither cold nor hot nor wet, but there is a strange feeling between heaven and earth." It is pointed out that the pathogenic factors of epidemic febrile diseases are "pathogenic qi", also known as epidemic qi, furuncle qi and hostility. This is a unique view on the etiology of epidemic febrile diseases.

Wu believes that anger is material and can be suppressed by drugs. Although hostility is "invisible, invisible, silent and odorless, how can it be seen and smelled", it is an objective substance, which further points out that "things can make people angry because of drugs."

Anger invades the body through the nose and mouth. It is believed that "evil enters through the nose and mouth" and is infected with rage. "If you have, you will be infected. Although it feels different, it will all suffer from a disease. "

But whether the human body is sick or not depends on its quantity, toxicity and resistance. It is pointed out that "those who feel deeply and shallowly cannot be overcome and cannot be achieved overnight"; "No matter how strong or weak, healthy qi is slightly declining, and it is sick at the touch"; "This gas is full, and evil does not enter. This gas coincides with deficiency, and between breaths, external evils take advantage of it. "

Epidemic diseases caused by rage have different epidemic manifestations and sporadic manifestations. However, there are regional and temporal differences in pathogenic rage. In addition, due to the different types of rage, the diseases caused are also different, and the organs involved are also different. I think that "human diseases and animal diseases are caused by different hostility."

During Su Wen's reign, Wu Youke also created many unique and effective prescriptions for treating epidemics. It is an epoch-making work on acute infectious diseases in Chinese medical literature. It can still be used to guide clinical practice, which has important historical and practical significance.

Ching Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, I wrote the book Confucianism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism and Taoism. On the basis of Wu Youke's "Danxi Heart Method Volume One Epidemic Fever Five", he thought that the cause of the epidemic rash was boils, and pointed out that "one person gets sick and infects a family, and nine times out of ten people are born, and nine times out of ten people are saved. In the environment, this ratio is very high. " According to the syndrome characteristics of summer epidemic, the prescription of "Qingwen Baidu Decoction" with gypsum as the main component was established, which created a new situation of syndrome differentiation and treatment of epidemic febrile diseases.

To sum up, Chinese medicine has accumulated rich experience in the long-term struggle against epidemic febrile diseases and has a complete set of theoretical and clinical treatment methods. We should give full play to the role of traditional Chinese medicine in treating acute infectious diseases.